The Steubenville Comprehensive Air Monitoring Program (SCAMP): Analysis of Short-Term and Episodic Variations in PM_2.5 Concentrations Using Hourly Air Monitoring Data

References

• Dockery, D.W.; Pope, C.A.; Xu, X.; Spengler, J.D.; Ware, J.H.; Fay, M.E.; Ferris, B.G.; Speizer, F.E. An Association Between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities; N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 329, 1753-1759.
   Google Scholar
• Pope, C.A.; Thun, M.J.; Namboodiri, M.M.; Dockery, D.W.; Evans, J.S.; Speizer, F.E.; Heath, C.W. Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of U.S. Adults; Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995, 151, 669-674.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Fujita, E.M.; Lu, Z.; Lawson, D.R. Temporal and Spatial Variations of PM2 . 5 and PM10 Aerosol in the Southern California Air Quality Study; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 2061-2080.
   Google Scholar
• Vukovich, F.M.; Sherwell, J. Comparison of Fine Particles and the Relationship Between Particle Variations and Meteorology at an Urban Site and a Remote Site in the Eastern United States; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 573-584.
   Google Scholar
• Fitz-Simons, T.S.; Mathias, S.; Rizzo, M. Analyses of 1999 PM Data for the PM NAAQS Review; available on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Web site, http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/pm25/analyses.html (accessed 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Chuersuwan, N.; Turpin, B.J.; Pietarinen, C. Evaluation of Time-Resolved PM2 . 5 Data in Urban/Suburban Areas of New Jersey; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1780-1789.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, R.; et al. Short-Term Temporal Variation in PM2.5 Mass and Chemical Composition During the Atlanta Supersite Experiment, 1999; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53, 84-91.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, D.P.; Withum, J.A.; Winter, S.E.; Statnick, R.M.; Bilonick, R.A. The Steubenville Comprehensive Air Monitoring Program (SCAMP): Overview and Statistical Considerations; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 2004, 55, 467-480.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, D.P.; Withum, J.A.; Winter, S.E.; Statnick, R.M.; Bilonick, R.A. The Steubenville Comprehensive Air Monitoring Program (SCAMP): Associations among Fine Particulate Matter, Co-Pollutants, and Meteorological Conditions; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 2004, 55, 481-496.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, D.A.; Edgerton, E.S.; Hartsell, B.E. PM and Precursor Sources and Process Inferences from High Temporal Resolution Aerometric Data; In Proceedings of the International Conference on Air Quality III; Arlington, VA, September 9–12, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Triantafyllou, A.G.; Kiros, E.S.; Evagelopoulos, V.G. Respirable Particulate Matter at an Urban and Nearby Industrial Location: Concentrations and Variability and Synoptic Weather Conditions During High Pollution Episodes; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 287-296.
   Google Scholar
• Strohm, D.E.; Dye, T.S.; MacDonald, C.P. The Influence of Meteorological Phenomena on Midwest PM2.5 Concentrations: A Case Study Analysis; Presented at the 2004 American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, AMS Sixth Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry: Air Quality in Megacities, Seattle, WA, January 11-15, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Huntzicker, J.J.; Hoffman, R.S.; Cary, R.A. Aerosol Sulfur Episodes in St. Louis, Missouri; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 962-967.
   Google Scholar
• Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Secondary Formation of Organic Aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin: A Descriptive Analysis of Organic and Elemental Carbon Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1991, 25A, 207-215.
   Google Scholar
• Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Identification of Secondary Organic Aerosol Episodes and Quantitation of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrations During SCAQS; Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 3527-3544.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, P.V.; Evans, G.J.; Tsai, J.; Owega, S.; Fila, M.S.; Malpica, O.; Brook, J.R. On-Line Analysis of Urban Particulate Matter Focusing on Elevated Wintertime Aerosol Concentrations; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3512-3518.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, H.-J.; Turpin, B.J. Origins of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol in Atlanta: Results of Time-Resolved Measurements During the Atlanta Supersite Experiment; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 4489-4496.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J.; Dockery, D. Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in Steubenville, Ohio; Am. J. Epidemiol. 1992, 135, 12-19.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J.; Dockery, D.W.; Neas, L.M. Is Daily Mortality Associated Specifically With Fine Particles? J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 927-939.
   Google Scholar
• Delfino, R.J.; Zeiger, R.S.; Seltzer, J.M.; Street, D.H. Symptoms in Pediatric Asthmatics and Air Pollution: Differences in Effects by Symptom Severity, Anti-Inflammatory Medication Use and Particulate Averaging Time; Environ. Health Perspect. 1998, 106, 751-761.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, A.; Dockery, D.W.; Muller, J.E.; Mittleman, M.A. Increased Particulate Air Pollution and the Triggering of Myocardial Infarction; Circulation. 2001, 103, 2810-2815.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, W.E.; Suh, H.H. Fine Particles and Coarse Particles: Concentration Relationships Relevant to Epidemiologic Studies; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 1238-1249.
   Google Scholar
• Jakab, G.J.; Clarke, R.W.; Hemenway, D.R.; Longphre, M.V.; Kleeberger, S.R.; Frank, R. Inhalation of Acid Coated Carbon Black Particles Impairs Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis; Toxicol. Lett. 1996, 88, 243-248.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinman, M.T.; Bufalino, C.; Rasmussen, R.; Hyde, D.; Bhalla, D.K.; Mautz, W.J. Toxicity of Chemical Components of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter (PM2 . 5) Inhaled by Aged Rats; J. Appl. Toxicol. 2000, 20, 357-364.
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, R.B. Interaction of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in the Respiratory Tract: Mechanisms and Modulators; Toxicology. 1995, 105, 315-325.
   Google Scholar
• Patashnick, H.; Rupprecht, E.G. Continuous PM10 Measurements Using the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 1079-1083.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, G.; Sioutas, C.; Koutrakis, P.; Reiss, R.; Lurmann, F.W.; Roberts, P.T. Evaluation of the TEOM Method for Measurement of Ambient Particulate Mass in Urban Areas; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 682-689.
   Google Scholar
• Ayers, G.P.; Keywood, M.D.; Gras, J.L. TEOM vs. Manual Gravimetric Methods for Determination of PM2.5 Aerosol Mass Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 3717-3721.
   Google Scholar
• Operating Manual TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM10) Monitor (AB Serial Numbers); Revision B; Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.: Albany, NY, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume II: Ambient Air Specific Methods; EPA-600/R-94–038b, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Protection of Environment. Chapter I-Environmental Protection Agency. Part 58-Ambient Air Quality Surveillance. Appendix B-Quality Assurance Requirements for Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Air Monitoring. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 58.61, Title 40, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Jansen, J.J.; Edgerton, E.S.; Hansen, D.A.; Hartsell, B.E. Sampling Artifacts in the Federal Reference Method for PM2.5; In Proceedings of the International Conference on Air Quality III; Arlington, VA, September 9–12, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Rizzo, M.; Scheff, P.A.; Kaldy, W. Adjusting Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Data for Comparison with Federal Reference Method PM2 . 5 Measurements in Region 5; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53, 596-607.
   Google Scholar
• Draxler, R.R.; Rolph, G.D. HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model; available on the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Web site, http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html (accessed 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Unisys Weather: Image and Map Archive; available on the Unisys Web site, http://weather.unisys.com/archive/index.html (accessed 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Seinfeld, J.H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution; Wiley: New York, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Milionis, A.E.; Davies, T.D. Regression and Stochastic Models for Air Pollution-II. Application of Stochastic Models to Examine the Links Between Ground-Level Smoke Concentrations and Temperature Inversions; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 2811-2822.
   Google Scholar
• Monn, C.H.; Braendli, O.; Schaeppi, G.; Schindler, C.H.; Ackermann-Liebrich, U.; Leuenberger, P.H. Particulate Matter < 10 μm (PM10) and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in Urban, Rural, and Alpine Air in Switzerland; Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 2565-2573.
   Google Scholar
• Atmospheric Soundings; available on the University of Wyoming, College of Engineering, Department of Atmospheric Science Web site, http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html (accessed 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Thatcher, T.L.; Lunden, M.M.; Revzan, K.L.; Sextro, R.G.; Brown, N.J. A Concentration Rebound Method for Measuring Particle Penetration and Deposition in the Indoor Environment; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 847-864.
   Google Scholar
• Brook, R.D.; Brook, J.R.; Urch, B.; Vincent, R.; Rajagopalan, S.; Silverman, F. Inhalation of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Ozone Causes Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Healthy Adults; Circulation. 2002, 105, 1534-1536.
   Google Scholar