Bioaerosol Generation at Large-Scale Green Waste Composting Plants

References

• Millner, P.D.; Olenchock, S.A.; Epstein, E.; Rylander, R.; Haines, J.; Walker, J.; Ooi, B.L.; Horne, E.; Maritato, M. Bioaerosols Associated with Composting Facilities; Compost Sci. Util. 1994, 2, 6-57.
   Google Scholar
• Kennes, C.; Thalasso, F. Waste Gas Biotreatment Technology; J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1998, 72, 303-319.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Monedero, M.A.; Stentiford, E.I.; Mondini, C. Biofiltration at Composting Facilities: Effectiveness for Bioaerosol Control; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 4299-4303.
   Google Scholar
• Slater, R.A.; Frederickson, J. Composting Municipal Waste in the UK: Some Lessons from Europe; Resour. Conserv. Recy. 2001, 32, 359-374.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, E.J.; Ward, C.W. Standardised Protocol for the Sampling and Enumeration of Airborne Micro-organisms at Composting Facilities; The Composting Association: Coventry, UK, 1999, p 30.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, J.L.; Beffa, T.; Lyon, P.F.; Aragno, M. Aspergillus fumigatus in Windrow Composting: Effect of Turning Frequency; Waste Manage. Res. 1998, 16, 320-329.
   Google Scholar
• Lacey, J.; Williams, P.A.M. Airborne Microorganisms Associated with RDF Fires at Castle Brownwich; Report No. CWM/110/93; U.K. Department of Environment: London, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Macher, J.M. Positive-Hole Correction of Multiple-Jet Impactors for Collecting Viable Microorganisms; Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1989, 50, 561-568.
   Google Scholar
• Millner, P.D.; Bassett, D.A.; Marsh, P.B. Dispersal of Aspergillus fumigatus from Sewage Sludge Compost Piles Subjected to Mechanical Agitation in Open Air; App. Environ. Microbiol. 1980, 39, 1000-1009.
   Google Scholar
• Folmsbee, M.; Strevett, K.A. Bioaerosol Concentration at an Outdoor Composting Center; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1999, 49, 554-561.
   Google Scholar
• Hryhorczuk, D.; Curtis, L.; Scheff, P.; Chung, J.; Rizzo, M.; Lewis, C.; Keys, N.; Moomey, M. Bioaerosol Emissions from a Suburban Yard Waste Composting Facility; Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2001, 8, 177-185.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Monedero, M.A.; Stentiford, E.I. Generation and Dispersion of Airborne Microorganisms from Composting Facilities; Process Saf. Environ. Protect. Trans. 2003, 81, 166-170.
   Google Scholar
• The Environmental Agency. Technical Guidance on Composting Operations, Draft for External Consultation, 2001. http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/commondata/acrobat/compostin.pdf (accessed March 9, 2005).
   Google Scholar
• Reinthaler, F.F.; Marth, E.; Eibel, U.; Enayat, U.; Feenstra, O.; Friedl, H.; Kock, M.; Pichler-Semmelrock, F.; Pridnig, G.; Schlacher, R. The Assessment of Airborne Microorganisms in Large-Scale Composting Facilities and Their Surroundings; Aerobiologia 1997, 13, 167-175.
   Google Scholar
• Recer, G.M.; Browne, M.L.; Horn, E.G.; Hill, K.M.; Boehler, W.F. Ambient Air Levels of Aspergillus fumigatus and Thermophilic Actinomycetes in a Residential Neighborhood Near a Yard-Waste Composting Facility; Aerobiologia 2001, 17, 99-108.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, E.J.; Kelsey, A.; Karnon, J.D.; Swan, J.R.M.; Crook, B. Preliminary Results of Monitoring the Release of Bioaerosols from Composting Facilities in the UK: Interpretation, Modelling and Appraisal of Mitigation Measures. In Proceedings of the International Symposium Composting & Compost Utilization, Ohio, USA, May 6–8, 2002, The Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, pp 1094-1105.
   Google Scholar
• Sigsgaard, T.; Bach, B.; Malmros, P. Respiratory Impairment among Workers in a Garbage-Handling Plant; Am. J. Ind. Med. 1990, 17, 92-93.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, E.M.; Breum, N.O.; Nielsen, B.H.; Wurtz, H.; Poulsen, O.M.; Midtgaard, U. Bioaerosol Exposure in Waste Collection: A Comparative Study on the Significance of Collection Equipment, Type of Waste and Seasonal Variation; Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1997, 41, 325-344.
   Google Scholar
• Kiviranta, H.; Tuomainen, A.; Reiman, M.; Laitinen, S.; Nevalainen, A.; Liesivuori, J. Exposure to Airborne Microorganisms and Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Types of Waste Handling; Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 1999, 6, 39-44.
   Google Scholar
• Browne, M.L.; Ju, C.L.; Recer, G.M.; Kallanbach, L.R.; Melius, J.M.; Horn, E.G. A Prospective Study of Health Symptoms and Aspergillus fumigatus Spore Counts near a Grass and Leaf Composting Plant. Compost Sci. Util. 2001, 9, 241-249.
   Google Scholar