350
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Light Scattering from Sea-Salt Aerosols at Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Sites

&
Pages 636-642 | Published online: 29 Feb 2012

References

  • Regional Haze Regulations: Final Rule. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 51, Title 40; Fed. Regist. 1999, 64, 35714-35774.
  • Draft Guidance for Tracking Progress Under the Regional Haze Rule; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001. Available on the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments Web site at http:/Vista.Cira.Colostate.Edu/IMPROVE/Publications/Guidance-docs/Guidancedocs.Htm (accessed April 5, 2006).
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Draft Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001.
  • Lowenthal, D.H.; Kumar, N. PM2.5 Mass and Light Extinction Reconstruction in IMPROVE; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53, 1109-1120.
  • White, W.H.; Eldred, R.A.; Feeney, P.J.; McDade, C.E.; Perley, B.P.; Shadoan, D.J.; Wakabayashi, P.H. Behavior of Fine Particle Elemental Data Near the Detection Limit; Presented at the Regional and Global Perspectives on Haze: Causes, Consequences and Controversies. A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 2004.
  • Mamane, Y.; Gottlieb, J. Nitrate Formation on Sea-Salt and Mineral Particles—A Single Particle Approach; Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26A, 1763-1769.
  • Murphy, D.M.; Thomson, D.S.; Middlebrook, A.M.; Schein, M.E. In Situ Single-Particle Characterization at Cape Grim; J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 16485-16491.
  • Roth, B.; Okada, K. On the Modification of Sea-Salt Particles in the Coastal Atmosphere; Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32, 1555-1570.
  • Yao, X.; Fang, M.; Chan, C.K. The Size Dependence of Chloride Depletion in Fine and Coarse Sea-Salt Particles; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 743-751.
  • McInnes, L.M.; Covert, D.S.; Quinn, P.K.; Germani, M.S. Measurements of Chloride Depletion and Sulfur Enrichment in Individual Sea-Salt Particles Collected From the Remote Marine Boundary Layer; J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99, 8257-8268.
  • Pytkowicz, R.M.; Kester, D.R. The Physical Chemistry of Sea Water; Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 1971, 9, 11-60.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Countess, R.J. Sources and Chemistry of PM10 Aerosol in Santa Barbara County, CA; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 1489-1499.
  • Quinn, P.K.; Kapustin, V.N.; Bates, T.S.; Covert, D.S. Chemical and Optical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Particles of the Mid-Pacific in Relation to Sources and Meteorological Transport; J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 6931-6951.
  • Quinn, P.K.; Coffman, D.J.; Bates, T.S.; Miller, T.L.; Johnson, J.E.; Voss, K.; Welton, E.J.; Neusüss, C. Dominant Aerosol Chemical Components and Their Contribution to Extinction during the Aerosols99 Cruise Across the Atlantic; J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106, 20783-20809.
  • Tombach, I. Estimating the Sea Salt Contribution to Natural Visibility Conditions in the VISTAS Region, Memorandum to the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization. Ivar Tombach: Camarillo, CA, 2004.
  • Gasso, S.; Hegg, D.A.; Covert, D.S.; Collins, D.; Noone, K.J.; Ostrom, E.; Schmid, B.; Russell, P.B.; Livingston, J.M.; Durkee, P.A.; Jonsson, H. Influence of Humidity on the Aerosol Scattering Coefficient and Its Effect on the Upwelling Radiance During ACE-2. Tellus, 2000, 52B, 546-567.
  • Swietlicki, E.; Zhou, J.; Covert, D.S.; Hämeri, K.; Busch, B.; Va¨keva, M.; Dusek, U.; Berg, O.H.; Wiedensohler, A.; Aalto, P.; Ma¨kela¨, J.; Martinsson, B.G.; Papaspiropoulos, G.; Mentes, B.; Frank, G.; Stratmann, F. Hygroscopic Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Northeastern Atlantic During ACE-2. Tellus, 2000, 52B, 201-227.
  • Kim, Y.P.; Seinfeld, J.H.; Saxena, P. Atmospheric Gas-Aerosol Equilibrium I. Thermodynamic Model; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1993, 19:157-181.
  • Berg, O.H.; Swietlicki, E.; Krejci, R. Hygroscopic Growth of Aerosol Particles in the Marine Boundary Layer over the Pacific and Southern Oceans during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1); J. Geophys. Res., 1998, 103, 16535-16545.
  • Tang, I.N.; Tridico, A.C.; Fung, K.H. Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Sea Salt Aerosols; J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102, 23269-23275.
  • Ming, Y.; Russell, L.M. Predicted Hygroscopic Growth of Sea Salt Particles; J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106, 28259-28274.
  • Mie, G. Beitrage zur Optik Truber Medien, Speziell Kolloidaler Metal-losungen; Ann. Physik. 1908, 25, 377-445.
  • Molenar J.V. Analysis of the Real World Performance of the Optec NGN-2 Ambient Nephelometer. In Proceedings of Visual Air Quality, Aerosols, and Global Radiation Balance; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1997; pp 243-265.
  • Rahn, K.A. The Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol; Technical Report; Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island: Kingston, RI, 1976.
  • Duce, R.A.; Zoller, W.H. Atmospheric Trace Metals at Remote Northern and Southern Hemisphere Sites: Pollution or Natural?; Science 1975, 187, 59-61.
  • Mason, B. Principles of Geochemistry; 4th ed.; Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, NY, 1982; p 344.
  • Lee, T.; Kreidenweis, S.M.; Collett, J.L., Jr. Aerosol Ion Characterization During the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 585-592.
  • Savoie, D.L.; Prospero, J.M. Particle Size Distribution of Nitrate and Sulfate in the Marine Atmosphere; Geophys. Res. Lett. 1974, 9, 1207-1210.
  • Saltzman, E.S.; Savoie, D.L.; Zika, R.G.; Prospero, J.M. Methane Sulfonic Acid in the Marine Atmosphere; J. Geophys. Res. 1983, 88, 10897-10902.
  • Neusü[H9252], C.; Weise, D.; Birmili, W.; Wex, H., Wiedensohler, A.; Covert, D.S. Size-Segregated Chemical, Gravimetric and Number Distribution-Derived Mass Closure of the Aerosol in Sagres, Portugal during ACE-2; Tellus, 2000, 52B, 169-184.
  • Quinn, P.K.; Marshall, S.F.; Bates, T.S.; Covert, D.S.; Kapustin, V.N. Comparison of Measured and Calculated Aerosol Properties Relevant to the Direct Radiative Forcing to Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosol on Climate; J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100, 8977-8991.
  • Quinn, P.K.; Coffman, D.J.; Kapustin, V.N.; Bates, T.S.; Covert, D.S. Aerosol Optical Properties in the Marine Boundary Layer during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) and the Underlying Chemical and Physcial Aerosol Properties; J. Geophys. Res., 1998; 103, 16547-16563.
  • Malm, W.C. Spatial and Seasonal Patterns and Temporal Variability of Haze and its Constituents in the United States; IMPROVE Report III; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere: Fort Collins, CO, 2000. Available on the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments Web site at http:/Vista.Cira.Colostate.Edu/IMPROVE/Publications/Reports/2000/2000.Htm (accessed April 5, 2006).
  • Malm, W.C.; Schichtel, B.A.; Pitchford, M.L.; Ashbaugh, L.L.; Eldred, R.A. Spatial and Monthly Trends in Speciated Fine Particle Concentration in the United States; J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109, 3306.
  • Quinn, P.K.; Coffman, D.J.; Bates, T.S.; Miller, T.L.; Johnson, J.E.; Welton, E.J.; Neusüss, C.; Miller, M.; Sheridan, P.J. Aerosol Optical Properties During INDOEX 1999: Means, Variability, and Controlling Factors; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107 10.1029/2000JD000037.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.