Fine Particulate Chemical Composition and Light Extinction at Meadview, AZ

References

• Cui, W.; Machir, J.; Lewis, L.; Eatough, D.J.; Eatough, N.L. Fine Particulate Organic Material at Meadview during the Project MOHAVE Summer Intensive Study; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 357-369.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough, D.J.; Long, R.W.; Modey, W.K.; Eatough, N.L. Semi-Volatile Secondary Organic Aerosol in Urban Atmospheres: Meeting a Measurement Challenge; Atmos. Env. 2003, 37, 1277-1292.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J.; Eatough D.A.; Lewis L.; Lewis E.A. Fine Particulate Chemical Composition and Light Extinction at Canyonlands National Park Using Organic Particulate Material Concentrations Obtained with a Multisystem, Multichannel Diffusion Denuder Sampler; J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 19515-19531.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J.; Tang H.; Cui W.; Marchir J. Determination of the Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Semi-Volatile Organic Material in Urban Environments Using Diffusion Denuder Technology; Inhal. Toxicol. 1995, 7, 691-710.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough, N.L.; Eatough, M.; Joseph, J.M.; Caa, F.M.; Lewis, L.; Eatough D.J. Precision and Accuracy in the Determination of Sulfur Oxides, Fluoride, and Spherical Aluminosilicate Fly Ash Particles in Project MOHAVE; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 455-467.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough, D.J.; Lewis, L.J.; Eatough, M.; Lewis, E.A. Sampling Artifacts in the Determination of Particulate Sulfate and SO2(g) in the Desert Southwest Using Filter Pack Samplers; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 787-791.
   Google Scholar
• Gebhart K.A.; Malm W.C. Examination of the Effects of Sulfate Acidity and Relative Humidity on Light Scattering at Shenandoah National Park; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 841-849.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J.; Warner D.S.; Stockburger L. Determination of Fine Particulate Semi-Volatile Organic Material at Three Eastern U.S. Sampling Sites; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2001, 51, 1302-1308.
   Google Scholar
• Pitchford, M.; Green, M.; Kuhns, H.; Tombach, I.; Malm, W.; Scruggs, M.; Farber, R.; Mirabella, V. Project MOHAVE Final Report, 1999; available from Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, or available at: www.epa.gov/region9/air/mohave/report.html (accessed 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Watson J.G.; Green M.; Hoffer T.E.; Lawson D.R.; Eatough D.J.; Farber R.J.; Malm W.C.; McDade C.E.; Pitchford M. Project MOHAVE Data Analysis Plant. In Proceedings, 86th Annual A&WMA Meeting, Denver, CO, June 13–18, 1993, Paper 93-MP-4.10.
   Google Scholar
• Eldred R.A.; Cahill T.A.; Wilkinson L.K.; Feeney P.J.; Chow J.C.; Malm W.C. Measurement of Fine Particles and Their Chemical Components in the IMPROVE/NPS Networks; In Transactions: Visibility and Fine Particles; Mathai, C.V., Ed.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, pp 187-196.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J.; Wadsworth A; Eatough D.A.; Crawford J.W.; Hansen L.D.; Lewis E.A. A Multiple-System, Multichannel Diffusion Denuder Sampler for the Determination of Fine-Particulate Organic Material in the Atmosphere; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27, 1213-1219.
   Google Scholar
• Cui, W.; Eatough, D.J.; Eatough, N.L. Fine Particulate Organic Material in the Los Angeles Basin—I: Assessment of the High-Volume Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System, Big BOSS; J. Air & Waste Manage Assoc. 1997, 47, 357-359.
   Google Scholar
• Tang H.; Lewis E.A.; Eatough D.J.; Burton R.M.; Farber R.J. Determination of the Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Fine Particles; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 939-947.
   Google Scholar
• Turpin B.J.; Saxena P.; Allen G.; Koutrakis P.; McMurry P.; Hildemann L. Gas-Particle Distribution, Neutralization and Size of Sulfate Nitrate and Carbon in the Southwestern Desert Aerosol. In Proceedings of the International Specialty Conference, Air and Waste Management, Cincinnati, OH, 1994, VIP-41 Volume A, 445-447.
   Google Scholar
• Koutrakis P.; Wolfson J.M.; Salter J.L.; Brauer M.; Spengler J.D.; Stevens R.K.; Stone C.L. Evaluation of an Annular Denuder/Filter Pack System to Collect Acidic Aerosols and Gases; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 1463-1468.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, E.C. and Novakov, T. Application of Thermal Analysis to the Characterization of Organic Aerosol Particles; Sci. Total Environ. 1982, 23, 227-238.
   Google Scholar
• Benner, C.L.; Eatough, D.J.; Eatough, N.L.; Bhardwaja, P. Comparison of Annular Denuder and Filter Pack Collection of HNO3(g), HNO2(g), SO2(g) and Particulate-Phase Nitrate, Nitrite and Sulfate in the Southwest Desert; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 22, 1463-1468.
   Google Scholar
• Chow J.C.; Watson J.G.; Pritchett L.C.; Frazier C.A.; Purcell R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation, and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27, 1185-1201.
   Google Scholar
• McDow, S.R.; Huntzicker, J.J. Vapor Adsorption Artifact in the Sampling of Organic Aerosol: Face Velocity Effects; Atmos. Environ. 1990, 24, 2563-2571.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X.Q.; McMurry, P.H. Evaporative Losses of Fine Particulate Nitrates during Sampling; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 26A, 3305-3312.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller K.A.; Malm W.C.; Kreidenweis S.M. Effects of Mixing on Extinction by Carbonaceous Particles; J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 15941-15954.
   Google Scholar
• Malm W.C. Examining the Relationship between Aerosol Concentration and Partial Scattering Efficiencies near the Grand Canyon. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the A&WMA, San Diego, CA, June 14–18, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H. Theoretical and Empirical Basis for Apportioning Extinction by Aerosols: a Critical Review; Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 1659-1672.
   Google Scholar
• Turpin, B.J.; Lim, H.J. Species Contributions to PM2.5 Mass Concentrations: Revisiting Common Assumptions for Estimating Organic Mass; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 602-610.
   Google Scholar
• Stein S.W.; Turpin B.J.; Cai X.; Huang P.-F.; McMurry P.H. Measurements of Relative Humidity-Dependent Bounce and Density for Atmospheric Particles Using the DMA-Impactor Technique; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 1739-1746.
   Google Scholar
• Weast R.C. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1984, p F-146
   Google Scholar
• Molenar J.V.; Persha G.; Malm W.C. Long Path Transmissometer for Measuring Ambient Atmospheric Extinction. In Transactions: Visibility and Fine Particles, Mathai, C.V., Ed.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, pp 293-304.
   Google Scholar
• Molenar J.V.; Dietrich D.L.; Tree R.M.; Malm W.C.; Persha G. Application of a Long Range Transmissometer to Measure the Ambient Atmospheric Extinction Coefficient in Remote Pristine Environments. In Transactions: Visibility and Fine Particles, Mathai, C.V., Ed.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, pp 305-317.
   Google Scholar
• McMurry P.H.; Fardi B.; Behm S.M.; Marple V.A. Size-Dependent Chemical Composition of Sub-2.5 [H9262]m Aerosols Measured at the Grand Canyon. In Transactions: Visibility Protection—Research and Policy Aspects, Bhardwaja, P.S., Ed.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1986, pp 625-645.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal D. Data Report for Project MOHAVE; Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal, D.J.; Rogers, C.F.; Saxena, P.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C. Sensitivity of Estimated Light Extinction Coefficients to Model Assumptions and Measurement Errors; Atmos. Enviorn. 1995, 29, 751-766.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal, D.H.; Saxena, P.; Watson, J.G. Contributions to Light Extinction during Project MOHAVE; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 2351-2359.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Gebhart, K.A.; Molenar, J.; Cahill, T.; Eldred, R.; Huffman, D. Examining the Relationship between Atmospheric Aerosols and Light Extinction at Mount Rainier and North Cascades National Parks; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 347-360.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C. Characteristics and Origins of Haze in the Continental United States; Earth Sci. Rev. 1992, 33, 1-36.
   Google Scholar
• Malm W.C. Carbonaceous Compounds and Visibility. In Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere, Hansen, L.D.; Eatough, D.J., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1991, pp 285-324.
   Google Scholar
• Sisler J.F.; Malm W.C.; Gebhart K.A.; Molenar J.; Cahill T. The Effect of Relative Humidity on Visibility—Continental Distributions. In Proceedings of the Annual AWMA Meeting; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1992, Paper 92-60.03.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, C.S.; Wolff, G.T. Prediction of Ambient Light Scattering Using a Physical Model Response to Relative Humidity: Validation with Measurements from Detroit; Atmos. Environ. 1985, 19, 669-680.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan C.S. Change in Aerosol Optical Properties with Change in Chemical Composition. In Proceedings of the Annular APCA Meeting; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1985, Paper 85-16.4.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, C.S. Optical Properties of Aerosols of Mixed Composition; Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18, 871-878.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H.; Macias, E.S.; Nininger, R.C.; Schorran, D. Size-Resolved Measurements of Light Scattering by Ambient Particles in the Southwestern U.S; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 909-921.
   Google Scholar
• White W.H.; Maias E.S. Light Scattering by Haze and Dust at Spirit Mountain, Nevada. In Transactions, Visibility and Fine Particles, Mathai, C.V., Ed.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, pp 914-922.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H. The Components of Atmospheric Light Extinction: a Survey of Ground-Level Budgets; Atmos. Environ. 1990, 24A, 2673-2679.
   Google Scholar
• White W.H.; Maias E.S. Light Scattering by Haze and Dust at Spirit Mountain, Nevada. In Annual APCA Meeting; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1988, Paper 88-57.6.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, I.N.; Wong, W.T.; Munkelwitz, H.R. The Relative Importance of Atmospheric Sulfates and Nitrates in Visibility Reduction; Atmos. Environ. 1981, 15, 2463-2471.
   Google Scholar
• Hänel, G.; Lehman, M. Equilibrium Size of Aerosol Particles and Relative Humidity: New Experimental Data from Various Aerosol Types and Their Treatment for Cloud Physics Application; Atmos. Phys. 1981, 54, 57-71.
   Google Scholar
• Ha¨nel G. The Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles as Functions of Relative Humidity at Thermodynamic Equilibria with the Surrounding Air; Advances Geophys. 1980, 19, 73-81.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J.; Farber R.J.; Watson J.G. Second Generation Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Sulfur Oxides and Sulfate at the Grand Canyon during the Project MOHAVE Summer Intensive; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, II, 1153-1160.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H.; Farber, R.J.; Green, M.C.; Macias, E.S.; Mirabella, V.A.; Pitchford, M.L.; de P. Vasconcelos, L.A. Tracking Regional Background in a Haze Attribution Experiment; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1999, 49, 599-602.
   Google Scholar