Influence of particle location on the number of charges per charged nanoparticle at the outlet of a needle charger

References

• Abouali , O. , Nikbakht , A. , Ahmadi , G. and Saadabadi , S. 2009 . Three-dimensional simulation of brownian motion of nano-particles in aerodynamic lenses . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 43 : 205 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alguacil , F.J. and Alonso , M. 2006 . Multiple charging of ultrafine particles in a corona charger . J. Aerosol Sci. , 37 : 875 – 884 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso , M. and Alguacil , F.J. 2002 . Electrostatic precipitation of ultrafine particles enhanced by simultaneous diffusional deposition on wire screens . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 52 : 1342 – 1347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , D.R. and Pui , D.Y.H. 1999 . A high efficiency, high throughput unipolar aerosol charger for nanoparticles . J. Nanoparticle Res. , 1 : 115 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , S. , Chen , D.R. , Pui , D.Y.H. and Anderson , B.E. 2000 . A nanometer aerosol size analyzer (nASA) for rapid measurement of high-concentration size distributions . J. Nanoparticle Res. , 2 : 43 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Sierra , A. , Alguacil , F.J. and Alonso , M. 2003 . Unipolar charging of nanometer aerosol particles in a corona ionizer . J. Aerosol Sci. , 34 : 733 – 745 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds , W.C. 1999 . Aerosol Technology , New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , C.H. and Alonso , M. 2011 . Nanoparticle electrostatic loss within corona needle charger during particle-charging process . J. Nanoparticle Res. , 13 : 175 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon , S.B. , Sakurai , H. and Seto , T. 2007 . Unipolar charging of nanoparticles by the surface-discharge microplasma aerosol charger (SMAC) . J. Nanoparticle Res. , 9 : 621 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , A. and Ahmadi , G. 1992 . Dispersion and deposition of spherical particles from point sources in a turbulent channel flow . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 16 : 209 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , L. , Chen , D.R. and Tsai , P.J. 2009 . Use of an electrical aerosol detector (EAD) for nanoparticle size distribution measurement. J . Nanoparticle Res. , 11 : 111 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. , Suriyawong , A. , Daukoru , M. , Zhuang , Y. and Biswas , P. 2009 . Measurement and capture of fine and ultrafine particles from a pilot-scale pulverized coal combustor with an electrostatic precipitator . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 59 : 553 – 559 . doi: 10.3155.1047-3289.59.5.553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , G.Y. , Tsai , C.J. , Chen , S.C. , Chen , T.M. and Li , S.N. 2010 . An efficient single-stage wet electrostatic precipitator for fine and nanosized particle control . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 44 : 38 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , D. , An , M. and Hwang , J. 2007 . Development and performance test of a unipolar diffusion charger for real-time measurements of submicron aerosol particles having a log-normal size distribution . J. Aerosol Sci. , 38 : 420 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patankar , S.V. 1980 . Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , Washington , DC : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• Qi , C. , Chen , D.R. and Greenberg , P. 2008 . Performance study of a unipolar minicharger for a personal nanoparticle sizer . J. Aerosol Sci. , 39 : 450 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiyasitpanich , P. , Keener , T.C. , Lu , M. , Liang , F. and Khang , S.-J. 2008 . Control of diesel gaseous and particulate emissions with a tube-type wet electrostatic precipitator . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 58 : 1311 – 1317 . doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.10.1311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai , C.J. , Lin , G.Y. , Chen , H.L. , Huang , C.H. and Alonso , M. 2010 . Enhancement of extrinsic charging efficiency of a nanoparticle charger with multiple discharging wires . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 44 : 807 – 816 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Zhu , Y. , Salinas , R. , Ramirez , D. , Karnae , S. and K , John . 2008 . Roadside measurements of ultrafine particles at a busy urban intersection . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 58 : 1449 – 1457 . doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.11.1449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , H.J. 1963 . Industrial Electrostatic Precipitation , Boston : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar