273
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Polymorphisms of the Toll-Like Receptor 2 of Goats (Capra hircus) may be Associated with Somatic Cell Count in Milk

, , , , , , , , & show all

References

  • Contreras A, Sierra D, Sanchez A, et al. Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Res 2007; 68:145–153.
  • Silanikove N, Merin U, Leitner G. On effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on milk quality in goats. Small Ruminant Res 2014; 122:76–82.
  • Harmon RJ. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:2103–2112.
  • Hogeveen H, Olav O. Mastitis management in an economic framework. 4th IDF International Mastitis Conference, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 2005.
  • Jimenez-Granado R, Sanchez-Rodriguez M, Arce C, et al. Factors affecting somatic cell count in dairy goats: a review. Span J Agric Res 2014; 12:133–150.
  • Raynal-Ljutovac K, Pirisi A, De Cremoux R, et al. Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: Analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Ruminant Res 2007; 68:126–144.
  • Wilson DJ, Stewart KN, Sears PM. Effects of stage of lactation, production, parity and season on somatic-cell counts in infected and uninfected dairy goats. Small Ruminant Res 1995; 16:165–169.
  • Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1–14.
  • Menzies M, Ingham A. Identification and expression of toll-like receptors 1–10 in selected bovine and ovine tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 109:23–30.
  • Uenishi H, Shinkai H. Porcine toll-like receptors: the front line of pathogen monitoring and possible implications for disease resistance. Dev Comp Immunol 2009; 33:353–361.
  • Chang JS, Russell GC, Jann O, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of toll-like receptors 1–10 in sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 127:94–105.
  • Raja A, Vignesh AR, Mary BA, et al. Sequence analysis of toll-like receptor genes 1–10 of goat (Capra hircus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 140:252–258.
  • Akira S. Mammalian Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 2003; 15:5–11.
  • Bai J, Lin JP, Li WR, et al. Association of toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle. Anim Sci J 2012; 83:23–30.
  • Zhang LP, Gan QF, Ma TH, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 gene polymorphism and its relationship with SCS in dairy cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2009; 20:87–95.
  • Goldammer T, Zerbe H, Molenaar A, et al. Mastitis increases mammary mRNA abundance of beta-defensin 5, toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 but not TLR9 in cattle. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004; 11:174–185.
  • Huang J, Liu L, Wang H, et al. Variants and gene expression of the TLR2 gene and susceptibility to mastitis in cattle. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2011; 6:51–61.
  • Swiderek WP, Bhide MR, Gruszczynska J, et al. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphism and its relationship with somatic cell concentration and natural bacterial infections of the mammary gland in sheep. Folia Microbiol 2006; 51:647–652.
  • AOAC International. Vol 2. 16th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC International; 1995.
  • Leitner G, Merin U, Silanikove N. Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in goats. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:1719–1726.
  • Hanke M, Wink M. Direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified vector inserts following enzymatic degradation of primer and dNTPs. BioTechniques 1994; 17:858–860.
  • Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, et al. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 30:2725–2729.
  • Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 2009; 25:1451–1452.
  • Goujon M, McWilliam H, Li W, et al. A new bioinformatics analysis tools framework at EMBL-EBI. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:695–699.
  • Sievers F, Wilm A, Dineen D, et al. Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Mol Syst Biol 2011; 7: 539.
  • Nakamura Y, Gojobori T, Ikemura T. Codon usage tabulated from international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:292.
  • Lowry R. VassarStats: Statistical Computation Website. http://vassarstats.net/. Access March 30, 2016.
  • Arnold K, Bordoli L, Kopp J, et al. The SWISS-MODEL workspace: a web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling. Bioinformatics 2006; 22:195–201.
  • Jin MS, Kim SE, Heo JY, et al. Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide. Cell 2007; 130:1071–1082.
  • Benkert P, Biasini M, Schwede T. Toward the estimation of the absolute quality of individual protein structure models. Bioinformatics 2011; 27:343–350.
  • Holm L, Park J. DaliLite workbench for protein structure comparison. Bioinformatics 2000; 16:566–567.
  • Persson Y, Larsen T, Nyman AK. Variation in udder health indicators at different stages of lactation in goats with no udder infection. Small Ruminant Res 2014; 116:51–56.
  • Ishida Y, McCallister C, Nikolaidis N, et al. Sequence variation of koala retrovirus transmembrane protein p15E among koalas from different geographic regions. Virology 2015; 475:28–36.
  • Mount DW. Using BLOSUM in sequence alignments. CSH Protocols 2008; 2008:39.
  • Deng S, Yu K, Zhang B, et al. Effects of over-expression of TLR2 in transgenic goats on pathogen clearance and role of up-regulation of lysozyme secretion and infiltration of inflammatory cells. BMC Vet Res. 2012; 8: 196.
  • Olechnowicz J, Jaskowski JM. Somatic cells count in cow’s bulk tank milk. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:681–686.
  • Paape MJ, Poutrel B, Contreras A, et al. Milk somatic cells and lactation in small ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:237–244.
  • Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009; 22:240–273.
  • O’Halloran F, Berry DP, Bahar B, et al. Polymorphisms in the bovine lactoferrin promoter are associated with reproductive performance and somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1253–1259.
  • Saunders R, Deane CM. Synonymous codon usage influences the local protein structure observed. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:6719–6728.
  • Plotkin JB, Kudla G. Synonymous but not the same: the causes and consequences of codon bias. Nat Rev Genet 2011; 12:32–42.
  • Darfour-Oduro KA, Megens HJ, Roca AL, et al. Adaptive evolution of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the family suidae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124069.
  • Fornuskova A, Bryja J, Vinkler M, et al. Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and selection in bacterial-sensing toll-like receptor 4 in two house mouse subspecies. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2931–2944.
  • Areal H, Abrantes J, Esteves PJ. Signatures of positive selection in toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in mammals. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:368.
  • Jann OC, Werling D, Chang J-S, et al. Molecular evolution of bovine toll-like receptor 2 suggests substitutions of functional relevance. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:288.
  • Takahata N, Nei M. Allelic genealogy under overdominant and frequency-dependent selection and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex loci. Genetics 1990; 124:967–978.
  • Meyer D, Thomson G. How selection shapes variation of the human major histocompatibility complex: a review. Ann Hum Genet 2001; 65:1–26.
  • Oliver SP, Hogan JS, Jayarao BM, et al. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection and determination of milk quality. In: 4th. National Mastitis Council, Verona, Wisconsin; 2004.
  • Prebavathy T, Thanislass J, Dhanammal L, et al. Assocation between SNPs in TLR2 gene segment corresponding to LRR functional domain of TLR2 receptor and bovine mastitis. Asian J Animal Sci 2015; 9:45–56.
  • Girish H, Sivaselvam SN, Karthickeyan SMK, et al. Association of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphism with somatic cell score in indigenous, crossbreed Jersey and crossbreed Holstein Friesian cattle. Eur J Mol Ecol Biochem 2015; 2:223–227.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.