“If those tears could talk, what would they say?” Multi-method analysis of a corrective experience in brief dynamic therapyFootnote^†

† The research described in this article was presented in a symposium called, “What makes a therapy experience ‘corrective’? A multi-method analysis of a Brief Dynamic Therapy case conducted by Hanna Levenson” at the annual conference of the Society for Psychotherapy Research (2015, June) in Philadelphia, PA, USA.

References

• Alexander, F., & French, T. (1946). Psychoanalytic therapy: Principles and applications. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2010). Brief dynamic therapy over time [DVD]. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pubs/videos/4310871.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Angus, L. (2012). Toward an integrative understanding of narrative and emotion processes in emotion-focused therapy of depression: Implications for theory, research and practice. Psychotherapy Research, 22, 367–380. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.683988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angus, L., & Greenberg, L. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy: Changing stories, healing lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Angus Narrative-emotion Marker Lab. (2015). Narrative-emotion processes coding system manual. Unpublished document. Retrieved from Lynne Angus, 108C BSB, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. m4e 3n4.
   Google Scholar
• Barber, J. P., Muran, J. C., McCarthy, K. S., & Keefe, R. J. (2013). Research on psychodynamic therapies. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 443–494). New York, NY: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Barber, J. P., & Sharpless, B. A. (2015). On the future of psychodynamic psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy Research, 25, 309–320. doi:10.1080/10503307.2014.996624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagys, M. D., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2000). Distinctive activities of short-term psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy: A review of the comparative psychotherapy process literature. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 167–188. doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.2.167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, Training, 16, 252–260. doi:10.1177/0011000083111007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boritz, T. Z., Bryntwick, E. A., Angus, L., Greenberg, L. S., & Constantino, M. J. (2013). Narrative and emotion process in psychotherapy: An empirical test of the Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System (NEPCS). Psychotherapy Research, 24, 94–607. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.851426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, N., Angus, L., Paivio, S., & Bryntwick, E. (in press). Narrative and emotion processes in EFTT for complex trauma. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/14779757.2015.1132756
   Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L. C., & Hill, C. E. (Eds.). (2012). Transformation in psychotherapy: Corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches (pp. 355–370). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Clemence, A. J., Fowler, J. C., Gottdiener, W. H., Krikorian, S., Charles, M., Damsky, L., & Johnson, B. (2012). Microprocess examination of therapeutic immediacy during a dynamic research interview. Psychotherapy, 49, 317–329. doi:10.1037/a0026090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, M. J., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2009). Affect-focused techniques in psychodynamic psychotherapy. In R. A. Levy & J. S. Ablon (Eds.), Handbook of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapy: Bridging the gap between science and practice (pp. 227–247). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, H., Atzil-Slonim, D., Bar-Kalifa, E., Rafaeli, E., & Peri, T. (2016). Emotional experience and alliance contribute to therapeutic change in psychodynamic therapy. Psychotherapy, 53, 105–116. doi:10.1037/pst0000041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2006). Therapeutic alliances with couples and families: An empirically-informed guide to practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Horvath, A. S., Heatherington, L., Cabero, A., & Martens, M. P. (2006). System for observing family therapy alliances: A tool for research and practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 214–225. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlander, M. L., Lambert, J. E., Escudero, V., & Cragun, C. (2008). How do therapists enhance family alliances? Sequential analyses of therapist-client behavior in two contrasting cases. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 75–87. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.1.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlander M. L., Sutherland, O., Sandler, S., Kortz, L., Bernardi, S., Lee, H., & Drozd, A. (2012). Exploring corrective experiences in a single, successful case of short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 49, 349–363. doi:10.1037/a0023447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E. (2004). Immediacy. In C. Hill (Ed.), Helping skills: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action (2nd ed., pp. 283–297). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E. (2014). To be or not to be immediate with clients: The use and perceived effects of immediacy in psychodynamic/interpersonal psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 299–315. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.812262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., Sim, W., Spangler, P., Stahl, J., Sullivan, C., & Teyber, E. (2008). Therapist immediacy in brief psychotherapy: Case study II. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 298–315. doi:10.1037/a0013306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper, L. B., Hill, C. E., & Kivlighan, D. M. (2008). Therapist immediacy in brief psychotherapy: Case study I. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 281–297. doi:10.1037/a0013305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson, H. (2010). Brief dynamic therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Macaulay, C., Angus, L., Westra, H., Carpenter, N., & Bryntwick, E. (2015, June). Narrative-emotion processes in motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Panel discussion at the 46th annual international meeting for the Society for Psychotherapy Research (SPR), Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Malan, D. H. (1976). The frontier of brief psychotherapy. New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Mayotte-Blum, J., Slavin-Mulford, J., Lehmann, M., Pesale, F., Becker-Matero, N., & Hilsenroth, M. (2012). Therapeutic immediacy across long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: An evidence-based case study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 27–40. doi:10.1037/a0026087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raue, P. J., Goldfried, M. R., & Barkham, M. (1997). The therapeutic alliance in psychodynamic-interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 582–587. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2012). Corrective emotional experiences from a psychodynamic perspective. In C. E. Hill & L. G. Castonguay (Eds.), Transformation in psychotherapy: Corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches (pp. 31–49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
   Google Scholar
• Strupp, H. H., & Binder, J. L. (1984). Psychotherapy in a new key. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Teyber, E., & Teyber, F. M. (2014). Working with the process dimension in relational therapies: Guidelines for clinical training. Psychotherapy, 51, 334–341. doi:10.1037/a0036579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar