1,259
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Investigating treatment characteristics and first-session relationship variables as predictors of dropout in the treatment of traumatized youth

&
Pages 235-249 | Received 10 Jul 2014, Accepted 28 Apr 2016, Published online: 27 May 2016

References

  • Accurso, E. C., Hawley, K. M., & Garland, A. F. (2013). Psychometric properties of the therapeutic alliance scale for caregivers and parents. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 244–252. doi:10.1037/a0030551
  • Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., … Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174–186. doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4
  • Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., & Pickles, A. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5(4), 237–249. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-8
  • Becker, C., Zayfert, C., & Anderson, E. (2004). A survey of psychologists’ attitudes toward utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 277–292. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00138-4
  • Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): A replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1230–1236. doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011
  • Block, A. M., & Greeno, C. G. (2011). Examining outpatient treatment dropout in adolescents: A literature review. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 28(5), 393–420. doi:10.1007/s10560-011-0237-x
  • Bordin, E. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16(3), 252–260. doi:10.1037%2fh0085885
  • Brookman-Frazee, L., Haine, R. A., Gabayan, E. N., & Garland, A. F. (2008). Predicting frequency of treatment visits in community-based youth psychotherapy. Psychological Services, 5(2), 126–138. doi:10.1037/1541-1559.5.2.126
  • Bruce, S. E., Weisberg, R. B., Dolan, R. T., Machan, J. T., Kessler, R. C., Manchester, G., … , Keller, M. B. (2001). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care patients. The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(5), 211–217. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181217/. doi:10.4088/PCC.v03n0504
  • Campos, J. J. (1984). A new perspective on emotions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 8(2), 147–156. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(84)90004-8
  • Chasson, G. S., Vincent, J. P., & Harris, G. E. (2008). The use of symptom severity measured just before termination to predict child treatment dropout. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 891–904. doi:10.1002/jclp.20494
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309–319. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309
  • Cohen, J. A., & AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. (2010). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(4), 414–430. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.020
  • Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000237705.43260.2c
  • Coulter, S. (2011). Systemic family therapy for families who have experienced trauma: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Social Work, 41, 502–519. doi:10.1093/bsjw/bcq132
  • Davies, M. G. (1995). Parental distress and ability to cope following disclosure of extra-familial sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(4), 399–408. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00010-6
  • Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Runyon, M. K., & Steer, R. A. (2011). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: Impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length. Depression and Anxiety, 28(1), 67–75. doi:10.1002/da.20744
  • Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., & Steer, R. A. (2006). A follow-up study of a multisite, randomized, controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1474–1484. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000240839.56114.bb
  • De Haan, A. M., Boon, A. E., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Hoeve, M., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2013). A meta-analytic review on treatment dropout in child and adolescent outpatient mental health care. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 698–711. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.005
  • Elliott, A. N., & Carnes, C. N. (2001). Reactions of nonoffending parents to the sexual abuse of their child: A review of the literature. Child Maltreatment, 6, 314–331. doi:10.1177/1077559501006004005
  • Eslinger, J. G., Sprang, G., & Otis, M. D. (2012). Child and caregiver dropout in child psychotherapy for trauma. Journal of Loss and Trauma: International Perspectives on Stress & Coping. doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.742720
  • Feinman, S. (Ed.). (1992). Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 149–166. doi:10.1017/S0954579407070083
  • Foa, E. B., Johnson, K. M., Feeny, N. C., & Treadwell, K. R. H. (2001). The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: A preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 30, 376–384. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_9
  • Garcia, J. A., & Weisz, J. R. (2002). When youth mental health care stops: Therapeutic relationship problems and other reasons for ending youth outpatient treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 439–443. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.439
  • Garland, A. F., Haine-Schlagel, R., Accurso, E. C., Baker-Ericzén, M. J., & Brookman-Frazee, L. (2012). Exploring the effect of therapists’ treatment practices on client attendance in community-based care for children. Psychological Services, 9(1), 74–88. doi:10.1037/a0027098
  • Gibbons, R. D., Hedeker, D., & DuToit, S. (2010). Advances in analysis of longitudinal data. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 79–107. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153550
  • Gopalan, G., Goldstein, L., Klingenstein, K., Sicher, C., Blake, C., & McKay, M. M. (2010). Engaging families into child mental health treatment: Updates and special considerations. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(3), 182–196.
  • Harpaz-Rotem, I., Leslie, D., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2004). Treatment retention among children entering a new episode of mental health care. Psychiatric Services, 55, 1022–1028. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1022
  • Harrell, F. E., Jr. (2001). Regression modeling strategies. With applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Hawley, K. M., & Weisz, J. R. (2005). Youth versus parent working alliance in usual clinical care: Distinctive associations with retention, satisfaction, and treatment outcome. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 117–128. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_11
  • Hembree, E. A., Foa, E. B., Dorfan, N. M., Street, G. P., Kowalski, J., & Tu, X. (2003). Do patients drop out prematurely from exposure therapy for PTSD? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 555–562. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000004078.93012.7d
  • Holt, T., Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Jensen, T. K. (2014). Parental emotional response to children’s traumas. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 23(10), 1057–1071. doi:10.1080/10926771.2014.953717
  • Hukkelberg, S. S., & Jensen, T. K. (2011). The dimensionality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and their relationship to depression in children and adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(3), 326–333. doi:10.102/jts.20637
  • Imel, Z. E., Laska, K., Jakupcak, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2013). Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0031474
  • Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Jensen, T. K., Haavind, H., Gulbrandsen, W., Mossige, S., Reichelt, S., & Tjersland, O. A. (2010). What constitutes a good working alliance in therapy with children that may have been sexually abused? Qualitative Social Work, 9, 461–478. doi:10.1177/1473325010374146
  • Jensen, T. K., Holt, T., Ormhaug, S. M., Egeland, K., Granly, L. B., Hoaas, L. E. C., … , Wentzel-Larsen, T. (2013). Treating traumatized youth: A randomized effectiveness study comparing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with therapy as usual. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.822307
  • Jungbluth, N. J., & Shirk, S. R. (2009). Therapist strategies for building involvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1179–1184. doi:10.1037/a0017325
  • Kazdin, A. E., Holland, L., & Crowley, M. (1997). Family experience of barriers to treatment and premature termination from child therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 453–463. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.3.453
  • Keller, S. M., Zoellner, L. A., & Feeny, N. C. (2010). Understanding factors associated with early therapeutic alliance in PTSD treatment: Adherence, childhood sexual abuse history, and social support. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 974–979. doi:10.1037/a0020758
  • Kelley, S. J. (1990). Parental stress response to sexual abuse and ritualistic abuse of children in day-care centers. Nursing Research, 39(1), 25–29. doi:10.1097/00006199-199001000-00006
  • Lau, A. S., & Weisz, J. R. (2003). Reported maltreatment among clinic-referred children: Implications for presenting problems, treatment attrition, and long-term outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1327–1334. doi:10.1097/01.CHI.0000085754.71002.14
  • McGloin, J. M., & Widom, C. S. (2001). Resilience among abused and neglected children grown up. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 1021–1038. doi:10.1017/S095457940100414X
  • McKay, M. M., Lynn, C. J., & Bannon, W. M. (2005). Understanding inner city child mental health need and trauma exposure: Implications for preparing urban service providers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 201–210. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.201
  • McLeod, B. D., & Weisz, J. R. (2010). The therapy process observational coding system for child psychotherapy strategies scale. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39, 436–443. doi:10.1080/15374411003691750
  • McPherson, P., Scribano, P., & Stevens, J. (2012). Barriers to successful treatment completion in child sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(1), 23–39. doi:10.1177/0886260511416466
  • Meiser-Stedman, R., Smith, P., Bryant, R., Salmon, K., Yule, W., Dalgleish, T., & Nixon, R. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 432–440. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01995.x
  • Miller, L. M., Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Allin, R. B. (2008). Who stays in treatment? Child and family predictors of youth client retention in a public mental health agency. Child and Youth Care Forum, 37(4), 153–170. doi:10.1007/s10566-008-9058-2
  • Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x
  • NICE. (2005). NICE clinical guideline on post-traumatic stress disorder. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/CG26
  • Nock, M. K., & Ferriter, C. (2005). Parent management of attendance and adherence in child and adolescent therapy: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 149–166. doi:10.1007/s10567-005-4753-0
  • Nock, M. K., & Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10(2), 155–180. doi:10.1023/A:1016699424731
  • Norcross, J. C., & Wampold, B. E. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 98–102. doi:10.1037/a0022161
  • Olatunji, B. O., Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2009). The cruelest cure? Ethical issues in the implementation of exposure-based treatments. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(2), 172–180. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.07.003
  • Pinsof, W. M., & Catherall, D. R. (1986). The integrative psychotherapy alliance: Family, couple and individual therapy scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 12(2), 137–151. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1986.tb01631.x
  • Pinsof, W. M., Zinbarg, R., & Knobloch-Fedders, L. M. (2008). Factorial and construct validity of the revised short form integrative psychotherapy alliance scales for family, couple, and individual therapy. Family Process, 47, 281–301. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00254.x
  • Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., & Piacentini, J. C. (1999). A developmental psychopathology model of childhood traumatic stress and intersection with anxiety disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1542–1554. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00262-0
  • Robbins, M. S., Liddle, H. A., Turner, C. W., Dakof, G. A., Alexander, J. F., & Kogan, S. M. (2006). Adolescent and parent therapeutic alliances as predictors of dropout in multidimensional family therapy. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 108–116. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.108
  • Robbins, M. S., Turner, C. W., Alexander, J. F., & Perez, G. A. (2003). Alliance and dropout in family therapy for adolescents with behavior problems: Individual and systemic effects. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 534–544. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.534
  • Roos, J., & Werbart, A. (2013). Therapist and relationship factors influencing dropout from individual psychotherapy: A literature review. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 394–418. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.775528
  • Russell, R., Shirk, S., & Jungbluth, N. (2008). First-session pathways to the working alliance in cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. Psychotherapy Research, 18(1), 15–27. doi:10.1080/10503300701697513
  • Saxe, G. N., Ellis, B. H., Fogler, J., & Navalta, C. P. (2012). Innovations in practice: Preliminary evidence for effective family engagement in treatment for child traumatic stress—trauma systems therapy approach to preventing dropout. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 58–61. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00626.x
  • Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147
  • Shelef, K., Diamond, G. M., Diamond, G. S., & Liddle, H. A. (2005). Adolescent and parent alliance and treatment outcome in multidimensional family therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 689–698. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.689
  • Shirk, S. R., & Karver, M. S. (2010). Alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy. In J. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness (pp. 70–91). New York, NY: Oxford Press.
  • Shirk, S. R., Karver, M. S., & Brown, R. (2011). The alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 17–24. doi:10.1037/a0022181
  • Shirk, S. R., & Saiz, C. C. (1992). Clinical, empirical, and developmental perspectives on the therapeutic relationship in child psychotherapy. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 713–728. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004946
  • Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 156–183. doi:10.1080/15374410701818293
  • Sprang, G., Craig, C. D., Clark, J. J., Vergon, K., Tindall, M. S., Cohen, J., & Gurwitch, R. (2013). Factors affecting the completion of trauma-focused treatments: What can make a difference? Traumatology, 19(1), 28–40. doi:10.1177/1534765612445931
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. doi:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  • Warnick, E. M., Gonzalez, A., Weersing, V. R., Scahill, L., & Woolston, J. (2012). Defining dropout from youth psychotherapy: How definitions shape the prevalence and predictors of attrition. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(2), 76–85. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00606

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.