How do patients with anorexia nervosa “process” psychotherapy between sessions? A comparison of cognitive–behavioral and psychodynamic interventions

References

• Arbeitskreis OPD. (2009). Operationalisierte­Psychodynamische Diagnostik OPD-2. Das Manual für Diagnostik und Therapieplanung (2., überarb. Aufl.). Huber, Bern.
   Google Scholar
• Berkman, N. D., Lohr, K. N., & Bulik, C. M. (2007). Outcomes of eating disorders: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(4), 293–309. doi: 10.1002/eat.20369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagys, M. D., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2000). Distinctive features of short-term psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy: A review of the comparative psychotherapy process literature. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(2), 167–188. doi:10.1093/clipsy/7.2.167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagys, M. D., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2002). Distinctive activities of cognitive–behavioral therapy: A review of the comparative psychotherapy process literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(5), 671–706. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00117-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boterhoven De Haan, K. L., & Lee, C. W. (2014). Therapists’ thoughts on therapy: Clinicians’ perceptions of the therapy processes that distinguish schema, cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic approaches. Psychotherapy Research, 24(5), 538–549. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.861092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brauhardt, A., de Zwaan, M., & Hilbert, A. (2014). The therapeutic process in psychological treatments for eating disorders: A systematic review: Therapeutic process in ED. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(6), 565–584. doi:10.1002/eat.22287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1987). Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change. Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 147–158. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L. G., Pincus, A. L., Agras, W. S., & Hines, C. E. I. (1998). The role of emotion in group cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder: When things have to feel worse before they get better. Psychotherapy Research, 8(2), 225–238. doi:10.1093/ptr/8.2.225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cierpka, M., Grande, T., Rudolf, G., von der Tann, M., & Stasch, M. (2007). The operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics system: Clinical relevance, reliability and validity. Psychopathology, 40(4), 209–220. doi:10.1159/000101363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders (1st ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Fassino, S., & Abbate-Daga, G. (2013). Resistance to treatment in eating disorders: A critical challenge. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 282. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fichter, M., & Quadflieg, N. (2001). The structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10 (SIAB-EX): reliability and validity. European Psychiatry, 16(1), 38–48. doi: 10.1016/S0924-9338(00)00534-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fichter, M. M., Herpertz, S., Quadflieg, N., & Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (1998). Structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10: Updated (third) revision. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24(3), 227–249. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199811)24:3<227::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (2004). The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I) and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders (SCID-II). (M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal, eds.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Friederich, H.-C., Herzog, W., Wild, B., & Zipfel, S. (2014). Anorexia nervosa: Fokale psychodynamische psychotherapie (1st ed.). Göttingen: Hogrefe Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Geller, J., & Farber, B. (1993). Factors influencing the process of internalization in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 3(3), 166–180. doi:10.1080/10503309312331333769
   Google Scholar
• Halmi, K. A., Agras, W. S., Crow, S., Mitchell, J., Wilson, G. T., Bryson, S. W., & Kraemer, H. C. (2005). Predictors of treatment acceptance and completion in anorexia nervosa: Implications for future study designs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(7), 776–781. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.7.776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, A., Orlinsky, D., Weber, S., Sandholz, A., & Zeeck, A. (2010). Session and intersession experience related to treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(3), 355–370. doi:10.1037/a0021166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, A., Orlinsky, D., & Zeeck, A. (2011). The structure of intersession experience in psychotherapy and its relation to the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(10), 1044–1063. doi:10.1002/jclp.20826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, A., Orlinsky, D. E., Geller, J. D., & Zeeck, A. (2003). The intersession questionnaire—an inventory for the measurement of patients’ processing of psychotherapy between sessions. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 53(11), 464–468. doi:10.1055/s-2003-43391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, A., Zeeck, A., Herzog, W., Wild, B., de Zwaan, M., Herpertz, S., … ANTOP Study Group. (2016). The inter-session-process in outpatient psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa: Characteristics and relation to outcome. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(9), 861–879. doi:10.1002/jclp.22293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay, P. J., Claudino, A. M., Touyz, S., & Abd Elbaky, G. (2015). Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7, Cd003909. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003909.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Herpertz, S., Hagenah, U., Vocks, S., von Wietersheim, J., Cuntz, U., Zeeck, A., & Wagstaff, K. (2011). The diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 108(40), 678–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herpertz, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Fichter, M. M., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Zeeck, A. (2011). S3-Leitlinie diagnostik und behandlung der essstörungen. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin.
   Google Scholar
• Herzog, D. B., Sacks, N. R., Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., von Ranson, K. B., & Gray, H. M. (1993). Patterns and predictors of recovery in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(4), 835–842. doi:10.1097/00004583-199307000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., & Dattilio, F. (2010). Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(2), 144–156. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, S., Goldberg, J. L., Woodhouse, S. S., & Hill, C. E. (1999). Clients’ internal representations of their therapists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(2), 244–256. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.46.2.244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mander, J., Teufel, M., Keifenheim, K., Zipfel, S., & Giel, K. E. (2013). Stages of change, treatment outcome and therapeutic alliance in adult inpatients with chronic anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 111. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArdle, J. J., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2014). Longitudinal data analysis using structural equation models. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, K. S., Keefe, J. R., & Barber, J. P. (2014). Goldilocks on the couch: Moderate levels of psychodynamic and process-experiential technique predict outcome in psychodynamic therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 1–11. doi:10.1080/10503307.2014.973921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirman, D. (2014). Growth curve analysis and visualization using R. Boca Raton: Crc Pr.
   Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E. (2009). The “generic model of psychotherapy” after 25 years: Evolution of a research-based metatheory. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19(4), 319–339. doi:10.1037/a0017973
   Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E., & Geller, J. D. (1993). Patients’ representations of their therapists and therapy: New measures. In Psychodynamic treatment research: A handbook for clinical practice (pp. 423–466). New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E., Geller, J. D., Tarragona, M., & Farber, B. A. (1993). Patients’ representations of psychotherapy: A new focus for psychodynamic research. Special section: Curative factors in dynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 596–610. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.61.4.596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlinsky, D. E., Rønnestad, M. H., & Willutzki, U. (2004). Fifty years of psychotherapy process – outcome research: Continuity and change. In M. J. Lambert & D. R. Dupper (Eds.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp. 307–390). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Owen, J., Quirk, K., Hilsenroth, M. J., & Rodolfa, E. (2012). Working through: In-session processes that promote between-session thoughts and activities. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 161–167. doi:10.1037/a0023616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, U., & Treasure, J. (2006). Anorexia nervosa: Valued and visible. A cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model and its implications for research and practice. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 343–366. doi: 10.1348/014466505X53902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skåderud, F., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Eating disorders. In A.W. Bateman & P. Fonagy (Eds.), Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice (pp. 347–383). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Smink, F. R. E., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2013). Epidemiology, course, and outcome of eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(6), 543–548. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328365a24f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhausen, H.-C. (2002). The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1284–1293. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles, W. B., Elliott, R., Firth-Cozens, J. A., Llewelyn, S. P., Margison, F. R., Shapiro, D. A., & Hardy, G. (1990). Assimilation of problematic experiences by clients in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27(3), 411–420. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.27.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasca, G. A., & Balfour, L. (2014). Attachment and eating disorders: A review of current research. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(7), 710–717. doi:10.1002/eat.22302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treasure, J., Zipfel, S., Micali, N., Wade, T., Stice, E., Claudino, A., … Wentz, E. (2015). Anorexia nervosa. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 15074. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild, B., Friederich, H. C., Gross, G., Teufel, M., Herzog, W., Giel, K. E., … Zipfel, S. (2009). The ANTOP study: Focal psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and treatment-as-usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa—a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 10, 383. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen, H. U., Wunderlich, U., Gruschwitz, S., & Zaudig, M. (2004). SKID-I Strukturiertes klinisches interview für DSM IV – achse I: Psychische störungen. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Wzontek, N., Geller, J. D., & Farber, B. A. (1995). Patients’ posttermination representations of their psychotherapists. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 23(3), 395–410. doi: 10.1521/jaap.1.1995.23.3.395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeeck, A., & Hartmann, A. (2005). Relating therapeutic process to outcome: Are there predictors for the short-term course in anorexic patients? European Eating Disorders Review, 13(4), 245–254. doi: 10.1002/erv.646
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeeck, A., Hartmann, A., & Orlinsky, D. E. (2004). Inter-Session-Prozesse. Ein Vernachlässigtes Thema der Psychotherapieforschung. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 54, 236–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeeck, A., Hartmann, A., & Orlinsky, D. E. (2006). Internalization of the therapeutic process: Differences between borderline and neurotic patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(1), 22–41. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2006.20.1.22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zipfel, S., Giel, K. E., Bulik, C. M., Hay, P., & Schmidt, U. (2015). Anorexia nervosa: Aetiology, assessment, and treatment. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(12), 1099–1111. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00356-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zipfel, S., Wild, B., Gross, G., Friederich, H. C., Teufel, M., Schellberg, D., … Herzog, W. (2014). Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): Randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9912), 127–137. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61746-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar