Therapists’ perspectives on suicide: A conceptual model of connectedness

References

• Barber, B. K., & Schluterman, J. M. (2008). Connectedness in the lives of children and adolescents: A call for greater conceptual clarity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(3), 209–216. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccio, D. E., & Macari, A. M. (2013). Fostering worth and belonging: Applying the interpersonal theory of suicide to the workplace. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 28(3), 234–245. doi: 10.1080/15555240.2013.808082
   Google Scholar
• Bonnewyn, A., Shah, A., Bruffaerts, R., Schoevaerts, K., Rober, P., Van Parys, H., & Demyttenaere, K. (2014). Reflections of older adults on the process preceding their suicide attempt: A qualitative approach. Death Studies, 38(9), 612–618. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2013.835753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostik, K. E. (2009). Creating a life worth living: A grounded theory investigation of attachment in suicidal adolescents’ process of healing. Portland, OH: ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Bostik, K. E., & Everall, R. D. (2007). Healing from suicide: Adolescent perceptions of attachment relationships. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 35(1), 79–96. doi: 10.1080/03069880601106815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Chiurliza, B., Chu, C., Michaels, M. S., & Joiner, T. E. (2014). Suicidality in adolescent populations: A review of the extant literature through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy, 9(3), 26–34.
   Google Scholar
• Buhnick-Atzil, O., Rubinstein, K., Tuval-Mashiach, R., Fischer, S., Fruchter, E., Large, M., & Weiser, M. (2015). Everyday functioning of male adolescents who later died by suicide: Results of a pilot case-control study using mixed-method analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 116–120. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey, J. T. (2010). Primary care, males, masculinity, and suicide: A grounded theory study. Portland, OR: ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, M. K., Bhatti, H., Meader, N., Stockton, S., Evans, J., O’Connor, R. C. Kendall, T. (2016). Predicting suicide following self-harm: Systematic review of risk factors and risk scales. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Connors, M. E. (2011). Attachment theory: A “secure base” for psychotherapy integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 21(3), 348–362. doi: 10.1037/a0025460
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cui, S., Cheng, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, D., & Wang, Y. (2011). Peer relationships and suicide ideation and attempts among Chinese adolescents. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(5), 692–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Luca, S. M., Wyman, P., & Warren, K. (2012). Latina adolescent suicide ideations and attempts: Associations with connectedness to parents, peers, and teachers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42(6), 672–683. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00121.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuter, K., Procter, N., & Rogers, J. (2013). The emergency telephone conversation in the context of the older person in suicidal crisis: A qualitative study. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 34(4), 262–272. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fulvio, G. T. (2011). Sexual minority youth, social connection and resilience: From personal struggle to collective identity. Social Science & Medicine, 72(10), 1611–1617. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donald, M., Dower, J., Correa-Velez, I., & Jones, M. (2006). Risk and protective factors for medically serious suicide attempts: A comparison of hospital-based with population-based samples of young adults. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(1), 87–96. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01747.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duberstein, P. R., Conwell, Y., Conner, K. R., Eberly, S., Evinger, J. S., & Caine, E. D. (1999). Poor social integration and suicide: Fact or artifact? A case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1331–1337. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704002600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erekson, D. M. (2013). Scheduled healing: The relationship between session frequency and psychotherapy outcome in a naturalistic setting (Doctor of Philosophy). Department of Psychology Brigham Young University.
   Google Scholar
• Freckelton, I. (2011). Psychotherapy, suicide and foreseeable risks of decompensation by the vulnerable. Journal of Law and Medicine, 18(3), 467–477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freedman, N., Hoffenberg, J. D., Vorus, N., & Frosch, A. (1998). The effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: The role of treatment duration, frequency of sessions, and the therapeutic relationship. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 47(3), 741–772. doi: 10.1177/00030651990470031001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fässberg, M. M., van Orden, K. A., Duberstein, P., Erlangsen, A., Lapierre, S., Bodner, E., … Waern, M. (2012). A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(3), 722–745. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9030722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelso, C., Palma, B., & Bhatia, A. (2013). Attachment theory as a guide to understanding and working with transference and the real relationship in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 1160–1171. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G. (2007). Constructivist grounded theory?. Historical, Social Research, 19, 93–105. Supplement.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Wiedenfeld and Nicholson.
   Google Scholar
• Gooding, P. A., Sheehy, K., & Tarrier, N. (2013). Perceived stops to suicidal thoughts, plans, and actions in persons experiencing psychosis. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 34(4), 273–281. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harré, R., & Moghaddam, F. (2003). Introduction: The self and others in traditional psychology and in positioning theory. In R. Harré & F. Moghaddam (Eds.), The self and others: Positioning individuals and groups in personal, political, and cultural contexts. Westport: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher, S., & Stubbersfield, O. (2013). Sense of belonging and suicide: A systematic review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 58(7), 432–436. doi: 10.1177/070674371305800709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjelmeland, H., & Knizek, B. L. (2010). Why we need qualitative research in suicidology. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40(1), 74–80. doi: 10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, J. (2014). The search for the secure base: Attachment theory and psychotherapy. East Sussex: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, Jr, T. E., Hollar, D., & Van Orden, K. (2006). On buckeyes, gators, super bowl Sunday, and the miracle on ice: “Pulling together” is associated with lower suicide rates. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(2), 179–195. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2006.25.2.179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski, J., Puddy, R., Hall, D., Cashman, S., Crosby, A., & Ortega, L. (2010). The relative influence of different domains of social connectedness on self-directed violence in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(5), 460–473. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9472-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kral, M. J., Links, P. S., & Bergmans, Y. (2012). Suicide studies and the need for mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(3), 236–249. doi: 10.1177/1558689811423914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357–361. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large, M., Kaneson, M., Myles, N., Myles, H., Gunaratne, P., Ryan, C., & DeLuca, V. (2016). Meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies of suicide risk assessment among psychiatric patients: Heterogeneity in results and lack of improvement over time. PloS one, 11(6), e0156322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempert, L. B. (2007). Asking questions of the data: Memo writing in the grounded theory tradition. In A. Bryant, & K. Charmaz (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of grounded theory (pp. 245–264). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Levi-Belz, Y., & Gamliel, E. (2016). The effect of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on therapists’ assessment of patients’ suicide risk. Psychotherapy Research, 26(4), 436–445. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1013161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner, R., & Briggs, S. (2010). Forming ideal types by understanding: The psychoanalytic treatment of suicidal men. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11(2).
   Google Scholar
• Li, X.-Y., & Phillips, M. R. (2008). Using in-depth interviewing methods with suicide attempters and their associates to assess their ideas about the characteristics and causes of the attempt. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 22(1), 43–50.
   Google Scholar
• Logan, J. E., Crosby, A. E., & Hamburger, M. E. (2011). Suicidal ideation, friendships with delinquents, social and parental connectedness, and differential associations by sex: Findings among high-risk pre/early adolescent population. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 32(6), 299–309. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luborsky, L., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998). Understanding transference: The core conflictual relationship theme method. Washington: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Mathias, C. W., Michael Furr, R., Sheftall, A. H., Hill-Kapturczak, N., Crum, P., & Dougherty, D. M. (2012). What’s the harm in asking about suicidal ideation? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42(3), 341–351. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.0095.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, J., Bonner, A., & Francis, K. (2006). Adopting a constructivist approach to grounded theory: Implications for research design. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 12(1), 8–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00543.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics (US). (2001). Healthy people 2000: Final review (No. 1). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Niner, S., Pirkis, J., Krysinska, K., Robinson, J, Dudley, M, Schindeler, E., … Warr, D. (2009). Research priorities in suicide prevention: A qualitative study of stakeholders’ views. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 8(1), 48–56. doi: 10.5172/jamh.8.1.48
   Google Scholar
• Oliffe, J. L., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Bottorff, J. L., Johnson, J. L., & Hoyak, K. (2012). “You feel like you can’t live anymore”: Suicide from the perspectives of Canadian men who experience depression. Social Science & Medicine, 74(4), 506–514. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opperman, K., Czyz, E. K., Gipson, P. Y., & King, C. A. (2015). Connectedness and perceived burdensomeness among adolescents at elevated suicide risk: An examination of the interpersonal theory of suicidal behavior. Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 19, 385–400. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2014.957451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oquendo, M. A., Ellis, S. P., Greenwald, S., Malone, K. M., Weissman, M. M., & Mann, J. J. (2014). Ethnic and sex differences in suicide rates relative to major depression in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1652–1658. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, R. L., Truant, G. S., & Donaldson, L. (1990). Psychiatrists’ experience of suicide in their patients. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa: Revue de Psychiatrie de L’université D’ottawa, 15(3), 173–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orri, M., Paduanello, M., Lachal, J., Falissard, B., Sibeoni, J., Revah-Levy, A., & Harris, F. (2014). Qualitative approach to attempted suicide by adolescents and young adults: The (neglected) role of revenge. Plos One, 9(5), e96716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overholser, J. C. (2005). Contemporary psychotherapy: Promoting personal responsibility for therapeutic change. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 35(4), 369–376. doi: 10.1007/s10879-005-6699-4
   Google Scholar
• Østlie, K., Stänicke, E., & Haavind, H. (2016). A listening perspective in psychotherapy with suicidal patients: Establishing convergence in therapists and patients private theories on suicidality and cure. Psychotherapy Research, 56, 1–14. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2016.1174347
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. C., Bond, M., & Presniak, M. D. (2013). Alliance, reactions to treatment, and counter-transference in the process of recovery from suicidal phenomena in long-term dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 23(5), 592–605. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.809560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell, B., Heisel, M. J., Speice, J., Franus, N., Conwell, Y., & Duberstein, P. R. (2012). Family connectedness moderates the association between living alone and suicide ideation in a clinical sample of adults 50 years and older. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(8), 717–723. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rand, J. (2013). Action learning and constructivist grounded theory: Powerfully overlapping fields of practice. Action Learning: Research and Practice, 10(3), 230–243. doi: 10.1080/14767333.2013.821968
   Google Scholar
• Raskin, J. D. (2002). Constructivism in psychology: Personal construct psychology, radical constructivism, and social constructionism. American Communication Journal, 5(3), 1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Ratnarajah, D., Maple, M., & Minichiello, V. (2014). Understanding family member suicide narratives by investigating family history. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 69(1), 41–57. doi: 10.2190/OM.69.1.c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2002). Finding the findings in qualitative studies. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34(3), 213–219. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00213.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, S., & McCarthy Veach, P. (2008). The interpersonal nature of suicide: A qualitative investigation of suicide notes. Archives of Suicide Research, 12(4), 352–365. doi: 10.1080/13811110802325232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, J. G., Cohen, D., DiCicco-Bloom, B., Miller, W. L., Stange, K. C., & Crabtree, B. F. (2008). Understanding healing relationships in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 6(4), 315–322. doi: 10.1370/afm.860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speziale, H., & Carpenter, D. R. (2003). Designing data generation and management strategies. Qualitative research in nursing: advancing the humanistic perspective (3rd ed., pp. 27–42). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, D. M., Luo, F., Lippy, C., & McIntosh, W. L. (2014). The role of social connectedness and sexual orientation in the prevention of youth suicide ideation and attempts among sexually active adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 45, 415–430. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, F. K., & Long, A. (2013). A suicidal recovery theory to guide individuals on their healing and recovering process following a suicide attempt. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(9), 2030–2040. doi: 10.1111/jan.12070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomassini, C., Juel, K., Holm, N. V., Skytthe, A., & Christensen, K. (2003). Risk of suicide in twins: 51 year follow up study. British Medical Journal, 327(7411), 373–374. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7411.373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Untu, I., Chirita, R., Diaconescu, S., Radu, D. A., Ciubara, A., & Burlea, L. S. (2014). Particularities of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Romanian Journal of Rheumatology, 23(2), 124–127.
   Google Scholar
• Vatne, M., & Nåden, D. (2013). Patients’ experiences in the aftermath of suicidal crises. Nursing Ethics, 21, 163–175. doi: 10.1177/0969733013493218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venta, A., & Sharp, C. (2014). Attachment organization in suicide prevention research: Preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescents. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 35(1), 60–66. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira, L., Freitas, M., Pordeus, A., Lira, S., & Silva, J. (2009). “Broken hearted teenagers”: Adolescents that had gone through suicide attempt. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 14(5), 1825–1834. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232009000500024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whisenhunt, J. L., Chang, C. Y., Brack, G. L., Orr, J., Adams, L. G., Paige, M. R., … O’Hara, C. (2014). Professional counselors’ conceptualizations of the relationship between suicide and self-injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 36(3), 263–282. doi: 10.17744/mehc.36.3.gu7443803l0581u5
   Google Scholar
• Whitlock, J., Wyman, P. A., & Moore, S. R. (2014). Connectedness and suicide prevention in adolescents: Pathways and implications. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 246–272. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/131056/1/9789241564779_eng.pdf?ua = 1
   Google Scholar
• Yip, P., Yousuf, S., Chan, C., Yung, T., & Wu, K. (2015). The roles of culture and gender in the relationship between divorce and suicide risk: A meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 128, 87–94. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar