Predicting dropout in adolescents receiving therapy for depression

References

• Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In Second international symposium on information theory (pp. 267–281). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadi.
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosini, P. J., Metz, C., Prabucki, K., & Lee, J. C. (1989). Videotape reliability of the third revised edition of the K-SADS. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(5), 723–728. doi: 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Pickles, A., & Winder, F. (1987). The development of a questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies in children and adolescents. London: MRC Child Psychiatry Research Unit.
   Google Scholar
• Armbruster, P., & Kazdin, A. (1994). Attrition in child psychotherapy. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 81–108. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9041-2_3
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, R. A. (2014). When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 34(5), 502–508. doi: 10.1111/opo.12131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamber, D., Tamplin, A., Park, R. J., Kyte, Z. A., & Goodyer, I. M. (2002). Development of a short Leyton Obsessional Inventory for children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(10), 1246–1252. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200210000-00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baruch, G., Vrouva, I., & Fearon, P. (2009). A follow-up study of characteristics of young people that dropout and continue psychotherapy: Service implications for a clinic in the community. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 14(2), 69–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00492.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, A. M., & Greeno, C. G. (2011). Examining outpatient treatment dropout in adolescents: A literature review. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 28(5), 393–420. doi: 10.1007/s10560-011-0237-x
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16(3), 252–260. doi: 10.1037/h0085885
   Google Scholar
• Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (1998). Model selection and inference. A practical information theoretic approach. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Canivez, G. L., Konold, T. R., Collins, J. M., & Wilson, G. (2009). Construct validity of the Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence and wide range intelligence test: Convergent and structural validity. School Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 252–265. doi: 10.1037/a0018030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordaro, M., Tubman, J. G., Wagner, E. F., & Morris, S. L. (2012). Treatment process predictors of program completion or dropout among minority adolescents enrolled in a brief motivational substance abuse intervention. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 21(1), 51–68. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.636697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins, L., Whitaker, K. J., Widmer, B., Midgley, N., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., … Goodyer, I. M. (2016). Clinical characteristics associated with the prescribing of SSRI medication in adolescents with major unipolar depression. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(12), 1287–1295. doi: 10.1007/s00787-016-0849-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cregeen, S., Hughes, C., Midgley, N., Rhode, M., & Rustin, M. (2016). Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for adolescents with depression: A treatment manual. London: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• de Haan, A. M., Boon, A. E., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Hoeve, M., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2013). A meta-analytic review on treatment dropout in child and adolescent outpatient mental health care. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(5), 698–711. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haan, A. M., Boon, A. E., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., Hoeve, M., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2015). Ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and problem severity as dropout risk factors in psychotherapy with youth. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s10566-014-9266-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R. (1994). SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist 90-R. Administration, scoring and procedures manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Elgar, F. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Dadds, M. R., & Sigvaldason, N. (2007). Development and validation of a short form of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 243–259. doi: 10.1007/s10826-006-9082-5
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez, M. A., & Eyberg, S. M. (2009). Predicting treatment and follow-up attrition in parent-child interaction therapy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 431–441. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9281-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Cottrell, D., Phillips, J., Bevington, D., Glaser, D., & Allison, E. (2015). What works for whom? A critical review of treatments for children and adolescents (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garralda, M. E. (2000). Child and adolescent mental health service use: HoNOSCA as an outcome measure. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 52–58. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.1.52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerard, A. B, & Reynolds, C. R. (1999). Characteristics and applications of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (pp. 323–340). Mahwah,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A., Weersing, V. R., Warnick, E. M., Scahill, L. D., & Woolston, J. (2011). Predictors of treatment attrition among an outpatient clinic sample of youths with clinically significant anxiety. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38(5), 356–367. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0323-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodyer, I. M., Reynolds, S., Barrett, B., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., … Fonagy, P. (2017a). Cognitive behavioural therapy and short-term psychoanalytical psychotherapy versus a brief psychosocial intervention in adolescents with unipolar major depressive disorder (IMPACT): A multicentre, pragmatic, observer-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), 109–119. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30378-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodyer, I. M., Reynolds, S., Barrett, B., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., … Midgley, N. (2017b). Cognitive behavioural therapy and short-term psychoanalytical psychotherapy versus a brief psychosocial intervention in adolescents with unipolar major depressive disorder (IMPACT): A multicentre, pragmatic, observer-blind, randomised controlled trial. Health Technology Assessment, 21(12), 1–94. doi: 10.3310/hta21120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodyer, I. M., Tsancheva, S., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., Kelvin, R., … Fonagy, P. (2011). Improving mood with psychoanalytic and cognitive therapies (IMPACT): A pragmatic effectiveness superiority trial to investigate whether specialised psychological treatment reduces the risk for relapse in adolescents with moderate to severe unipolar depression. Trials, 12(1), 175. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harnett, P. H., Loxton, N. J., Sadler, T., Hides, L., & Baldwin, A. (2005). The health of the nation outcome scales for children and adolescents in an adolescent in-patient sample. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 129–135. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01533.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatchett, G. T., & Park, H. L. (2003). Comparison of four operational definitions of premature termination. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 40(3), 226–231. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.40.3.226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, J., Liang, J., Martinez, J., & Yeh, M. (2006). Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care for youth. In E. Metrosa (Ed.), Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care (pp. 149–204). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 223–233. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMPACT Study CBT Sub-Group. (2010). Cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in young people: Manual for therapists. Retrieved from http://dev.psychiatry.cam.ac.uk/projects
   Google Scholar
• Ingoldsby, E. M. (2011). Review of interventions to improve family engagement and retention in parent and child mental health programs. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 629–645. doi: 10.1007/s10826-009-9350-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, E., Mellor, D., & Brann, P. (2008). Differences in dropout between diagnoses in child and adolescent mental health services. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(4), 515–530. doi: 10.1177/1359104508096767
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, E., Mellor, D., & Brann, P. (2009). Factors associated with dropout and diagnosis in child and adolescent mental health services. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 431–437. doi: 10.1080/00048670902817687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., … Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980–988. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E. (1996). Dropping out of child psychotherapy: Issues for research and implications for practice. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1(1), 133–156. doi: 10.1177/1359104596011012
   Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., Holland, L., & Crowley, M. (1997). Family experience of barriers to treatment and premature termination from child therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(3), 453–463. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.3.453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., & Mazurick, J. L. (1994). Dropping out of child psychotherapy: Distinguishing early and late dropouts over the course of treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(5), 1069–1074. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.62.5.1069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., Mazurick, J. L., & Bass, D. (1993). Risk for attrition in treatment of antisocial children and families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(1), 2–16. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2201_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., Stolar, M. J., & Marciano, P. L. (1995). Risk factors for dropping out of treatment among white and black families. Journal of Family Psychology, 9(4), 402–417. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.9.4.402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., & Wassell, G. (1998). Treatment completion and therapeutic change among children referred for outpatient therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29(4), 332–340. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.29.4.332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E., & Wassell, G. (2000). Predictors of barriers to treatment and therapeutic change in outpatient therapy for antisocial children and their families. Mental Health Services Research, 2(1), 27–40. doi: 10.1023/A:1010191807861
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelvin, R., Dubicka, B., Wilkinson, P., & Goodyer, I. M. (2010). Brief Psychosocial Intervention (BPI): A specialist clinical care treatment manual for CAMHS use. Retrieved from http://dev.psychiatry.cam.ac.uk/projects
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, P. C., & Sugarman, A. (1997). Attrition in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 883–888. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent, L., Vostanis, P., & Feehan, C. (1997). Detection of major and minor depression in children and adolescents: Evaluation of the mood and feelings questionnaire. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 565–573. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01543.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranzler, J. H., & Floyd, R. G. (2013). Assessing intelligence in children and adolescents. A practical guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lock, J., Couturier, J., Bryson, S., & Agras, S. (2006). Predictors of dropout and remission in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa in a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(8), 639–647. doi: 10.1002/eat.20328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk, E. S. L., Staiger, P. K., Mathai, J., Wong, L., Birleson, P., & Adler, R. (2001). Children with persistent conduct problems who dropout of treatment. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(1), 28–36. doi: 10.1007/s007870170044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, K. M. (2002). Factors that predict premature termination among Mexican-American children in outpatient psychotherapy. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 11(3), 347–359. doi: 10.1023/A:1016876224388
   Google Scholar
• Mendenhall, A. N., Fontanella, C. A., Hiance, D. L., & Frauenholtz, S. (2014). Factors associated with treatment attrition for Medicaid-enrolled youth with serious emotional disturbances. Children and Youth Services Review, 40, 20–28. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.02.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, J., & Shevlin, M. (2001). Applying regression and correlation. A guide for students and researchers. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Mirabito, D. M. (2001). Mining treatment termination data in an adolescent mental health service: A quantitative study. Social Work in Health Care, 33(3-4), 71–90. doi: 10.1300/J010v33n03_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K., & Kazdin, A. (2001). Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10(2), 155–180. doi: 10.1023/A:1016699424731
   Google Scholar
• Oetzel, K. B., & Scherer, D. G. (2003). Therapeutic engagement with adolescents in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 40(3), 215–225. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.40.3.215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini, J., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Gillis, J. R., Graae, F., Trautman, P., Cantwell, C., … Shaffer, D. (1995). Demographic predictors of treatment attendance among adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(3), 469–473. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.3.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pina, A. A., Silverman, W. K., Weems, C. F., Kurtines, W. M., & Goldman, M. L. (2003). A comparison of completers and noncompleters of exposure-based cognitive and behavioral treatment for phobic and anxiety disorders in youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 701–705. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirkis, J. E., Burgess, P. M., Kirk, P. K., Dodson, S., Coombs, T. J., & Williamson, M. K. (2005). A review of the psychometric properties of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) family of measures. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 3(76), 1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piselli, A., Halgin, R. P., & Macewan, G. H. (2011). What went wrong? Therapists’ reflections on their role in premature termination. Psychotherapy Research, 21(4), 400–415. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2011.573819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinz, R. J., & Miller, G. E. (1994). Family-based treatment for childhood antisocial behavior: Experimental influences on dropout and engagement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 645–650. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.62.3.645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinz, U., Nutzinger, D. O., Schulz, H., Petermann, F., Braukhaus, C., & Andreas, S. (2013). Comparative psychometric analyses of the SCL-90-R and its short versions in patients with affective disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 104. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. R. (1980). Concurrent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48(6), 774–775. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.48.6.774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1997). What I think and feel: The revised children’s manifest anxiety scale. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25(1), 15–20. doi: 10.1023/A:1025751206600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, F., & Rawal, A. (2011). Can basic risk research help in the prevention of childhood and adolescent depression? Examining a cognitive and emotional regulation approach. Depression Research and Treatment, 871245.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robbins, M. S., Liddle, H. A., Turner, C. W., Dakof, G. A., Alexander, J. F., & Kogan, S. M. (2006). Adolescent and parent therapeutic alliances as predictors of dropout in multidimensional family therapy. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 108–116. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royston, P., & White, I. (2011). Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE): Implementation in Stata. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(4), 1–20. doi: 10.18637/jss.v045.i04
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in survey. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, B. W., Gerdes, A. C., Haack, L. M., & Lawton, K. E. (2013). Predicting treatment dropout in parent training interventions for families of school-aged children with ADHD. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 144–169. doi: 10.1080/07317107.2013.789365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, W., Niklas, F., & Schmiedeler, S. (2014). Intellectual development from early childhood to early adulthood: The impact of early IQ differences on stability and change over time. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 156–162. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2014.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St Clair, M. C., Neufeld, S., Jones, P. B., Fonagy, P., Bullmore, E. T., Dolan, R. J., … Goodyer, I. M. (2017). Characterising the latent structure and organisation of self-reported thoughts, feelings and behaviours in adolescents and young adults. PLoS ONE, 12(4), 1–27. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (2011). Correction for multiple testing: Is there a resolution? Chest, 140(1), 16–18. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-0523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sund, A. M., Larsson, B., & Wichstrøm, L. (2001). Depressive symptoms among young Norwegian adolescents as measured by the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(4), 222–229. doi: 10.1007/s007870170011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift, J. K., Callahan, J., & Levine, J. C. (2009). Using clinically significant change to identify premature termination. Psychotherapy, 46(3), 328–335. doi: 10.1037/a0017003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, L., Kaminer, D., & Hardy, A. (2011). Risk factors for premature termination of treatment at a child and family mental health clinic. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 23(2), 155–164. doi: 10.2989/17280583.2011.634553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tracey, T. J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the working alliance inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(3), 207–210. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.1.3.207
   Google Scholar
• Vrouva, I., Fonagy, P., Fearon, P. R. M., & Roussow, T. (2010). The risk-taking and self-harm inventory for adolescents: Development and psychometric evaluation. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 852–865. doi: 10.1037/a0020583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnick, E. M., Gonzalez, A., Robin Weersing, V., Scahill, L., & Woolston, J. (2012). Defining dropout from youth psychotherapy: How definitions shape the prevalence and predictors of attrition. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(2), 76–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wergeland, G. J. H., Fjermestad, K. W., Marin, C. E., Haugland, B. S.-M., Silverman, W. K., Öst, L.-G., … Heiervang, E. R. (2015). Predictors of dropout from community clinic child CBT for anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, I. R., Royston, P., & Wood, A. M. (2011). Multiple Imputation using Chained Equations: Issues and guidance for practice. Statistics in Medicine, 30(4), 377–399. doi: 10.1002/sim.4067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A., Kroll, L., Moore, A., & Harrington, R. (1995). Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 327–334. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zack, S. E., Castonguay, L. G., & Boswell, J. F. (2007). Youth working alliance: A core clinical construct in need of empirical maturity. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 15(6), 278–288. doi: 10.1080/10673220701803867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar