Confessions of a New York rupture researcher: An insider’s guide and critique

References

• Agnew, R. M., Harper, H., Shapiro, D. A., & Barkham, M. (1994). Resolving a challenge to the therapeutic relationship: A single-case study. Psychology & Psychotherapy, 67, 155–170.
   Google Scholar
• Aron, L. (1996). A meeting of minds: Mutuality in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ:Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aspland, H., Llewelyn, S., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., & Stiles, W. (2008). Alliance ruptures and rupture resolution in cognitive–behavior therapy: A preliminary task analysis. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 699–710. doi: 10.1080/10503300802291463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence. Oxford: Rand McNally.
   Google Scholar
• Bambling, M., King, R., Raue, P., Schweittzer, R., & Lambert, W. (2006). Clinical supervision: Its influence on client-rated working alliance and client symptom reduction in the brief treatment of major depression. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 317–331. doi: 10.1080/10503300500268524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Harrison, R. P., & Emery, G. (1983). Development of the sociotropy-autonomy scale: A measure of personality factors in psychopathology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• Beilock, S. (2010). Choke: What the secrets of the brain reveal about getting it right when you have to. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bein, E., Anderson, T., Strupp, H., Henry, W. P., Schacht, T. E., Binder, J., & Butler, S. (2000). The effects of training in Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy: Changes in therapeutic outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 119–132. doi: 10.1080/713663669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, J. (1990). An outline of intersubjectivity: The development of recognition. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 7, 33–46. doi: 10.1037/h0085258
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S. (1974). Structural analysis of social behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 392–425. doi: 10.1037/h0037024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, D., Parry, G., & Ryle, A. (2006). Resolving threats to the therapeutic alliance in cognitive analytic therapy of borderline personality disorder: A task analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79, 395–418. doi: 10.1348/147608305X58355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder, J. L., & Strupp, H. H. (1997). “Negative process”: A recurrently discovered and underestimated facet of therapeutic process and outcome in the individual psychotherapy of adults. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 4, 121–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt, S. J. (1990). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two personality configurations and their implications for psychopathology and psychotherapy. In J. L. Singer (Ed.), Repression & dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology & health (pp. 299–335). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16, 252–260. doi: 10.1037/h0085885
   Google Scholar
• Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research and practice (pp. 13–37). New York, NY: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Boston Change Process Group. (2010). Change in psychotherapy: A unifying paradigm. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Botella, L., Corbella, S., Belles, L., Pacheco, M., Gömez, A. M., Herrero, O., … Pedro, N. (2008). Predictors of therapeutic outcome and process. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 535–542. doi: 10.1080/10503300801982773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1988). Clinical applications of attachment: A secure base. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bruner, J. S. (1962). The conditions of creativity. In H. Gruber & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to creative thinking (pp. 1–30). New York, NY: Atherton.
   Google Scholar
• Buber, M. (1958). The I-thou theme, contemporary psychotherapy, and psychodrama. Pastoral Psychology, 9, 57–58. doi: 10.1007/BF01758631
   Google Scholar
• Cash, S. K., Hardy, G. E., Kellett, S., & Parry, G. (2014). Alliance ruptures and resolution during cognitive behaviour therapy with patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 132–145. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.838652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L. G., Schut, A. J., Aikens, D. E., Constantino, M. J., Laurenceau, J.-P., Bologh, L., & Burns, D. D. (2004). Integrative cognitive therapy for depression: A preliminary study. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14, 4–20. doi: 10.1037/1053-0479.14.1.4
   Google Scholar
• Colli, A., & Lingiardi, V. (2009). The collaborative interactions scale: A new transcript-based method for the assessment of therapeutic alliance ruptures and resolutions in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 718–734. doi: 10.1080/10503300903121098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantino, M. J., Marnell, M. E., Haile, A. J., Kanther-Sista, S. N., Wolman, K., Zappert, L., & Arnow, B. A. (2008). Integrative cognitive therapy for depression: A randomized pilot comparison. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 122–134. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Crits-Christoph, K., Narducci, J., Schamberger, M., & Gallop, R. (2006). Can therapists be trained to improve their alliances? A preliminary study of alliance-fostering psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 268–281. doi: 10.1080/10503300500268557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubanks, C. F., Lubitz, J., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2017). Rupture resolution rating system (3RS): Reliability and validity. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Eubanks, C. F., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2015). Rupture resolution rating system (3RS): Manual. New York, NY: Mount Sinai Beth Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Eubanks-Carter, C., Gorman, B. S., & Muran, J. C. (2012). Quantitative naturalistic methods for detecting change points in psychotherapy research: An illustration with alliance ruptures. Psychotherapy Research, 22, 621–637. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2012.693772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubanks-Carter, C., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2010). Alliance ruptures and resolution. In J. C. Muran, & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 74–94). New York,NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gadamer, H. (1975). Truth & method. New York, NY: Crossroad.
   Google Scholar
• Geertz, C. (2014). Papers. Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S., Ford, C. L., Alden, L. S., & Johnson, S. M. (1993). In-session change in emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 78–84. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.61.1.78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenson, R. R. (1967). The technique and practice of psychoanalysis. New York, NY: International University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, G. H., Bishop-Edwards, L., Chambers, E., Connell, J., Dent-Brown, K., Kothar, G., & Parry, G. D. (in press). Risk factors for negative experiences during psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, H. (1989). Coding guides I & II: Identification of confrontation & withdrawal challenges in exploratory therapy. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher, R. L. (2010). Alliance theory and measurement. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 7–28). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher, R. L., & Barends, A. W. (1996). Patients' view of the alliance in psychotherapy: Exploratory factor analysis of three alliance measures. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 64, 1326–1336. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, P. T., Werth, A. S., Foster, A. L., & Owen, J. (2017). Are rupture–repair episodes related to outcome in the treatment of trauma-exposed World Trade Center responders? Counseling & Psychotherapy Reseach, 17, 276–282. doi: 10.1002/capr.12138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, W. P., Schacht, T. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1986). Structural analysis of social behavior: Application to a study of interpersonal process in differential psycho-therapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 54, 27–31. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.54.1.27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, W. P., Schacht, T. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1990). Patient and therapist introject, interpersonal process, and differential psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 58, 768–774. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, W. P., Strupp, H. H., Butler, S. F., Schacht, T. E., & Binder, J. L. (1993). Effects of training in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy: Changes in therapist behavior. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 434–440. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E. (2010). Qualitative studies of negative experiences in psychotherapy. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 63–73). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., Nutt-Williams, E., Heaton, K. J., Thompson, B. J., & Rhodes, R. H. (1996). Therapist retrospective recall impasses in long-term psychotherapy: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 207–217. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.43.2.207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook, J. N., Davis, D., Owen, J., & DeBlaere, C. (2017). Cultural humility and the process of psychotherapy. Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O. (in press). Research on the alliance: Knowledge in search of a theory. Psychotherapy Research.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48, 9–16. doi: 10.1037/a0022186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 223–233. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, T. J. (1986). On countertransference enactments. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 34, 289–307. doi: 10.1177/000306518603400203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. New York, NY: Delta.
   Google Scholar
• Kernberg, O. (1965). Notes on countertransference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 38–56. doi: 10.1177/000306516501300102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesler, D. J. (1996). From communications to interpersonal theory: A personal odyssey. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 267–282. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6602_6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, M. (1975). The writings of Melanie Klein. London: Hogarth.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Langs, R. (1976). The bipersonal field. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Lansford, E. (1986). Weakenings and repairs of the working alliance in short-term psychotherapy. Professional Psychology, 17, 364–366. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.17.4.364
   Google Scholar
• Larsson, M. H., Falkenström, F., Andersson, G., & Holmqvist, R. (2016). Alliance ruptures and repairs in psychotherapy in primary care. Psychotherapy Research, 28, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiman, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2001). Dialogical sequence analysis and the zone of proximal development as conceptual enhancements to the assimilation model: The case of Jan revisited. Psychotherapy Research, 11, 311–330. doi: 10.1080/713663986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lipner, L. M., Muran, J. C., Eubanks, C. F., Gorman, B. S., & Safran, J. D. (2016). Operationalizing rupture-repair events using control chart methods. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Luborsky, L. (1984). Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. A manual for supportive-expressive psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, A. A., Keller, S. M., Feeny, N. C., Youngstrom E. A., & Zoellner, L. A. (2014). Patterns of therapeutic alliance: Rupture-repair episodes in prolonged exposure for PTSD. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 82, 112–121. doi: 10.1037/a0034696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2014). Emotion regulation therapy. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 469–490). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mies van der Rohe, L. (1959, June 28). On restraint in design. Herald Tribune.
   Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C. (2001). A final note: Meditations on “both/and”. In J. C. Muran (Ed.), Self-relations in the psychotherapy process (pp. 347–372). Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C. (2002). A relational approach to understanding change: Plurality and contextualism in a psychotherapy research program. Psychotherapy Research, 12, 113–138. doi: 10.1080/713664276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C. (2007). A relational turn on thick description. In J. C. Muran (Ed.), Dialogues on difference: Studies of diversity in the therapeutic relationship (pp. 257–274). Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Gorman, B. S., Safran, J. D., Twining, L., Samstag, L. W., & Winston, A. (1995). Linking in-session change to overall outcome in short-term cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63, 651–657. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.4.651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., Eubanks, C. F., & Gorman, B. S. (in press). The effect of alliance-focused training on a cognitive-behavioral therapy for personality disorders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., & Eubanks-Carter, C. (2010). Developing therapist abilities to negotiate alliance ruptures. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (pp. 320–340). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., Gorman, B. S., Samstag, L. W., Eubanks-Carter, C., & Winston, A. (2009). The relationship of early alliance ruptures and their resolution to process and outcome in three time-limited psychotherapies for personality disorders. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46, 233–248. doi: 10.1037/a0016085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., Samstag, L. W., & Winston, A. (2005). Evaluating an alliance-focused treatment for personality disorders. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(4), 532–545. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.42.4.532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muran, J. C., Segal, Z. V., Samstag, L. W., & Crawford, C. E. (1994). Patient pretreatment interpersonal problems and therapeutic alliance in short-term cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 62, 185–190. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.62.1.185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, M. G., Castonguay, L. G., Borkovec, T. D., Fisher, A. J., Boswell, J. F., Szkodny, L. E., & Nordberg, S. S. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and inter-personal therapies. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 79, 171–181. doi: 10.1037/a0022489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, R., Hill, C. E., Thompson, B., & Elliott, R. (1994). Client retrospective recall of resolved and unresolved misunderstanding events. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 473–483. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.41.4.473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, L., & Greenberg, L. S. (1984). Patterns of change: Intensive analysis of psychotherapy process. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rozmarin, E., Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., & Winston, A. (2007). Subjective and intersubjective analyses of the therapeutic alliance in a brief relational therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 62, 313–328. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2008.62.3.313
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D. (1993). Breaches in the therapeutic alliance: An arena for negotiating authentic relatedness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 30, 11–24. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.30.1.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (1996). The resolution of ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 64, 447–458. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.3.447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (Eds.). (1998). The therapeutic alliance in brief psychotherapy. Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2000). Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2006). Has the concept of the therapeutic alliance outlived its usefulness? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43, 286–291. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., Demaria, A., Boutwell, C., Eubanks-Carter, C., & Winston, A. (2014). Investigating the impact of alliance-focused training on interpersonal process and therapists’ capacity for experiential reflection. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 269–285. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.874054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., & Eubanks-Carter, C. (2011). Repairing alliance ruptures. Psychotherapy, 48, 80–87. doi: 10.1037/a0022140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., & Samstag, L. W. (1994). Resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures: A task analytic investigation. In A. O. Horvath, & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 225–255). New York: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., Samstag, L. W., & Winston, A. (2005). Evaluating alliance-focused intervention for potential treatment failures: A feasibility study and descriptive analysis. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, 512–531. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.42.4.512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samstag, L. W., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2004). Defining and identifying alliance ruptures. In D. Charman (Ed.), Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: Advancing effective practice (pp. 187–214). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Schachtel, E. G. (1959). Metamorphosis: New light on the conflict of human development and the psychology of creativity. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Schon, D. A. (1984). The reflective practitioner. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shimokawa, K., Lambert, M. J., & Smart, D. W. (2010). Enhancing treatment outcome of patients at risk of treatment failure: Meta-analytic and mega-analytic review of a psychotherapy quality assurance system. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 78, 298–311. doi: 10.1037/a0019247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Hansen, L., Constantino, M., Piselli, A., & Remen, A. (2011). Preliminary results of a video-assisted psychotherapist workshop in alliance strategies. Psychotherapy, 48, 148–162. doi: 10.1037/a0022184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerfeld, E., Orbach, I., Zim, S., & Mikulincer, M. (2008). An in-session exploration of ruptures in working alliance and their associations with clients’ core conflictual relationship themes, alliance-related discourse, and clients’ postsession evaluations. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 377–388. doi: 10.1080/10503300701675873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitz, R. A. (1964). The derailment of dialogue: Stimulus overload, action cycles, and the completion gradient. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 12, 752–775. doi: 10.1177/000306516401200405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, D. B. (1997). Unformulated experience: From dissociation to imagination in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, C. L., Muran, J. C., Safran, J. D., Gorman, B. S., & Arnold, W. (2007). Levels and patterns of the therapeutic alliance in brief psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61, 109. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.2.109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stiles, W. B., Glick, M. J., Osatuke, K., Hardy, G. E., Shapiro, D. A., Agnew-Davies, R., … Barkham, M. (2004). Patterns of alliance development and the rupture-repair hypothesis: Are productive relationships U-shaped or V-shaped? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 81–92. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, J. L., Hayes, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Newman, C. F., Brown, G. K., Barber, J. P., … Beck, A. T. (2006). Early alliance, alliance ruptures, and symptom change in a nonrandomized trial of cognitive therapy for avoidant and obsessive–compulsive personality disorders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 74, 337–345. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strupp, H. H. (1989). Psychotherapy: Can the practitioner learn from the researcher? . American Psychologist, 44, 717–724. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., … Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62, 271–286. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, H. S. (1968). Theory of interpersonal relations. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, S. (1970). Zen mind, beginner’s mind. New York, NY: Weatherhill.
   Google Scholar
• Swank, L. E., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2013). Repairing alliance ruptures in emotionally focused couple therapy: A task analysis. American Journal of Family Therapy, 41, 389–402. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2012.726595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symington, N. (1983). The analyst’s act of freedom as agent of therapeutic change. International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 10, 283–291.
   Google Scholar
• Thoreau, H. D. (1854). Walden or life in the woods. Boston, MA: Ticknor & Fields.
   Google Scholar
• Tronick, E. (2007). The neurobehavioral and social-emotional development of infants and children. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wallerstein, R. S., Robbins, L. L., Sargent, H. D., & Luborsky, L. (1956). The psychotherapy research project of the Menninger foundation: Rationale, method and sample use. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 20, 221–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerman, M. A., Foote, J. P., & Winston, A. (1995). Change in coordination across phases of psychotherapy and outcome: Two mechanisms for the role played by patients’ contribution to the alliance. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63, 672–675. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.4.672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westra, H. A., Constantino, M. J., & Aviram, A. (2011). The impact of alliance ruptures on client outcome expectations in CBT. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 472–481. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2011.581708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing & reality. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zilcha-Mano, S., & Errázuriz, P. (2017). Early development of mechanisms of change as a predictor of subsequent change and treatment outcome: The case of working alliance. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 85, 508–520. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilcha-Mano, S., Muran, J. C., Hungr, C., Eubanks, C. F., Safran, J. D., & Winston, A. (2016). The relationship between alliance and outcome: Analysis of a two-person perspective on alliance and session outcome. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 84, 484–496. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar