2,962
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
EMPIRICAL PAPERS

“I didn’t have to look her in the eyes”—participants’ experiences of the therapeutic relationship in internet-based psychodynamic therapy for adolescent depression

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 648-662 | Received 19 Aug 2022, Accepted 16 Nov 2022, Published online: 06 Dec 2022

References

  • Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2022). Internet interventions in clinical psychology. In Comprehensive clinical psychology (pp. 194–205). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818697-8.00211-9
  • Baylis, R., Ekdahl, J., Haines, H., & Rubertsson, C. (2020). Women’s experiences of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) for fear of birth. Women and Birth, 33(3), e227–e233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.05.006
  • Bendelin, N., Hesser, H., Dahl, J., Carlbring, P., Nelson, K. Z., & Andersson, G. (2011). Experiences of guided internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 11(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-107
  • Binder, P.-E., Moltu, C., Hummelsund, D., Sagen, S. H., & Holgersen, H. (2011). Meeting an adult ally on the way out into the world: Adolescent patients’ experiences of useful psychotherapeutic ways of working at an age when independence really matters. Psychotherapy Research, 21(5), 554–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.587471
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. SAGE.
  • Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018). Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115
  • Church, E. (1994). The role of autonomy in adolescent psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 31(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.31.1.101
  • Elliott, R. (2008). Research on client experiences of therapy: Introduction to the special section. Psychotherapy Research, 18(3), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300802074513
  • Gericke, F., Ebert, D. D., Breet, E., Auerbach, R. P., & Bantjes, J. (2021). A qualitative study of university students’ experience of Internet-based CBT for depression. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(4), 792–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12465
  • Greenson, R. R., & Wexler, M. (1969). The non-transference relationship in the psychoanalytic situation. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 50(1), 27–39.
  • Heinonen, E., & Nissen-Lie, H. A. (2020). The professional and personal characteristics of effective psychotherapists: A systematic review. Psychotherapy Research, 30(4), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2019.1620366
  • Housby, H., Thackeray, L., & Midgley, N. (2021). What contributes to good outcomes? The perspective of young people on short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0257334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257334
  • Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B., Rousseau, A., Frederick, R. J., & Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the Internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 1, e102. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.102
  • Karver, M., Handelsman, J., Fields, S., & Bickman, L. (2006). Meta-analysis of therapeutic relationship variables in youth and family therapy: The evidence for different relationship variables in the child and adolescent treatment outcome literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.001
  • Karver, M. S., De Nadai, A. S., Monahan, M., & Shirk, S. R. (2018). Meta-analysis of the prospective relation between alliance and outcome in child and adolescent psychotherapy. ’Psychotherapy, 55(4), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000176
  • Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Maas Genannt Bermpohl, F., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., & Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses for Depression (IPDMA-DE) Collaboration. (2021). Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: A systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 361. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364
  • Kline, W. H. (2009). How do adolescents leave psychotherapy? Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 8(3–4), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/15289160903451351
  • Leibovich, L., Mechler, J., Lindqvist, K., Mortimer, R., Edbrooke-Childs, J., & Midgley, N. (2022). Unpacking the active ingredients of internet-based psychodynamic therapy for adolescents. Psychotherapy Research, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2022.2050829
  • Lemma, A. (2016). Introduction to the practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (Second edition). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Lenhard, F., Vigerland, S., Engberg, H., Hallberg, A., Thermaenius, H., & Serlachius, E. (2016). “On My Own, but Not alone” - adolescents’ experiences of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164311
  • Levy-Warren, M. H. (1996). The adolescent journey: Development, identity formation, and psychotherapy. J. Aronson.
  • Lilja, J. L., Rupcic Ljustina, M., Nissling, L., Larsson, A. C., & Weineland, S. (2021). Youths’ and parents’ experiences and perceived effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in primary care: Mixed methods study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 4(4), e26842. https://doi.org/10.2196/26842
  • Lillevoll, K. R., Wilhelmsen, M., Kolstrup, N., Høifødt, R. S., Waterloo, K., Eisemann, M., & Risør, M. B. (2013). Patients’ experiences of helpfulness in guided internet-based treatment for depression: Qualitative study of integrated therapeutic dimensions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(6), e126. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2531
  • Lilliengren, P., Falkenström, F., Sandell, R., Risholm Mothander, P., & Werbart, A. (2015). Secure attachment to therapist, alliance, and outcome in psychoanalytic psychotherapy with young adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000044
  • Lilliengren, P., & Werbart, A. (2005). A model of therapeutic action grounded in the patients’ view of curative and hindering factors in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(3), 324–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.42.3.324
  • Lindegaard, T., Hesslow, T., Nilsson, M., Johansson, R., Carlbring, P., Lilliengren, P., & Andersson, G. (2020). Internet-based psychodynamic therapy vs cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: A preference study. Internet Interventions, 20, 100316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100316
  • Lindegaard, T., Kashoush, F., Holm, S., Halaj, A., Berg, M., & Andersson, G. (2021). Experiences of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety among Arabic-speaking individuals in Sweden: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 288. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03297-w
  • Lindqvist, K., Mechler, J., Carlbring, P., Lilliengren, P., Falkenström, F., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Dahl, H.-S. J., Lindert Bergsten, K., Midgley, N., Sandell, R., Thorén, A., Topooco, N., Ulberg, R., & Philips, B. (2020). Affect-Focused psychodynamic internet-based therapy for adolescent depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(3), e18047. https://doi.org/10.2196/18047
  • Løvgren, A., Røssberg, J. I., Engebretsen, E., & Ulberg, R. (2020). Improvement in psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A qualitative study of the patients’ perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186843
  • Løvgren, A., Røssberg, J. I., Nilsen, L., Engebretsen, E., & Ulberg, R. (2019). How do adolescents with depression experience improvement in psychodynamic psychotherapy? A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2080-0
  • Magnusson, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2018). The consequences of ignoring therapist effects in trials with longitudinal data: A simulation study. ’Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 711–725. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000333
  • Mcleod, J. (2011). Qualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy (2 ed.). London: SAGE.
  • Mechler, J., Lindqvist, K., Carlbring, P., Topooco, N., Falkenström, F., Lilliengren, P., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Midgley, N., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Dahl, H.-S. J., Sandell, R., Thorén, A., Ulberg, R., Bergsten, K. L., & Philips, B. (2022). Therapist-guided internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression in Sweden: A randomised, clinical, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet Digital Health, 4(8), e594–e603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00095-4
  • Mechler, J., Lindqvist, K., Falkenström, F., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., & Philips, B. (2020). Emotion regulation as a time-invariant and time-varying covariate predicts outcome in an internet-based psychodynamic treatment targeting adolescent depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 671. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00671
  • Midgley, N., Ansaldo, F., & Target, M. (2014). The meaningful assessment of therapy outcomes: Incorporating a qualitative study into a randomized controlled trial evaluating the treatment of adolescent depression. Psychotherapy, 51(1), 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034179
  • Mortimer, R., Somerville, M. P., Mechler, J., Lindqvist, K., Leibovich, L., Guerrero-Tates, B., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Martin, P., & Midgley, N. (2022). Connecting over the internet: Establishing the therapeutic alliance in an internet-based treatment for depressed adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27(3), 549. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045221081193
  • Moshe, I., Terhorst, Y., Philippi, P., Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I., Pulkki-Råback, L., Baumeister, H., & Sander, L. B. (2021). Digital interventions for the treatment of depression: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 147(8), 749–786. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000334
  • Norcross, J. C., & Lambert, M. J. (2018). Psychotherapy relationships that work III. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000193
  • Novick, J. (1976). Termination of treatment in adolescence. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 31(1), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1976.11822322
  • Núñez, L., Midgley, N., Capella, C., Alamo, N., Mortimer, R., & Krause, M. (2021). The therapeutic relationship in child psychotherapy: Integrating the perspectives of children, parents and therapists. Psychotherapy Research, 31(8), 988–1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2021.1876946
  • O’Keeffe, S., Martin, P., Target, M., & Midgley, N. (2019). ‘I just stopped going’: A mixed methods investigation into types of therapy dropout in adolescents with depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 75. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00075
  • Palmstierna, V., & Werbart, A. (2013). Successful psychotherapies with young adults: An explorative study of the participants’ view. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 27(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2012.760477
  • Paulson, B. L., & Everall, R. D. (2003). Suicidal adolescents: Helpful aspects of psychotherapy. Archives of Suicide Research, 7(4), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/713848939
  • Rozental, A., Andersson, G., Boettcher, J., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Knaevelsrud, C., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Titov, N., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of Internet interventions. Internet Interventions, 1(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2014.02.001
  • Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Tangen, J. A., & Carlbring, P. (2015). Experiences of undergoing Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination: A qualitative study. Internet Interventions, 2(3), 314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.001
  • Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2003). Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide (paperback edition). Guilford Press.
  • Sánchez-Ortiz, V. C., House, J., Munro, C., Treasure, J., Startup, H., Williams, C., & Schmidt, U. (2011). “A computer isn’t gonna judge you”: A qualitative study of users’ views of an internet-based cognitive behavioural guided self-care treatment package for bulimia nervosa and related disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders, 16(2), 9.
  • Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 20), 22–33.;quiz 34-57.
  • von Below, C. (2020). “We just Did Not Get on”. young adults’ experiences of unsuccessful psychodynamic psychotherapy – A lack of meta-communication and mentalization? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1243. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01243
  • Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2015). The great psychotherapy debate: The evidence for what makes psychotherapy work (2 ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • WHO. (2020, November 17). Adolescent mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
  • Wilmots, E., Midgley, N., Thackeray, L., Reynolds, S., & Loades, M. (2020). The therapeutic relationship in cognitive behaviour therapy with depressed adolescents: A qualitative study of good-outcome cases, Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12232