Airport Security Screener Competency: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis

REFERENCES

• Beck , J. 1982 . “ Textural segmentation ” . In Beck, J. (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception (pp. 285–317) , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum . In
   Google Scholar
• Bolfing , A. , Halbherr , T. and Schwaninger , A. 2008 . How image based factors and human factors contribute to threat detection performance in x-ray aviation security screening . HCI and Usability for Education and Work, Lecture Notes in Computer Science , 5298 : 419 – 438 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. R. and Madhavan , P. 2008 . Effects of training base rates and transfer similarity: A comparison of two search scenarios . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings , 52 ( 4 ) : 333 – 337 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1998 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Curio , C. , Bülthoff , H. H. and Giese , M. A. 2010 . Dynamic faces: Insights from experiments and computation , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fiore , S. M. , Scielzo , S. , Jentsch , F. and Howard , M. L. Understanding performance and cognitive efficiency when training for x-ray security screening . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, Training . pp. 2610 – 2614 .
   Google Scholar
• Gauthier , I. , Tarr , M. J. and Bub , D. 2009 . Perceptual expertise: Bridging brain and behavior , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gauthier , I. , Williams , P. , Tarr , M. J. and Tanaka , J. 1998 . Training “greeble” experts: A framework for studying expert object recognition processes . Vision Research , 38 : 2401 – 2428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer , F. and Schwaninger , A. 2004 . Reliable and valid measures of threat detection performance in x-ray screening . IEEE ICCST Proceedings , 38 : 303 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Koller , S. M. , Drury , C. G. and Schwaninger , A. 2009 . Change of search time and non-search time in x-ray baggage screening due to training . Ergonomics , 52 : 644 – 656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller , S. M. , Hardmeier , D. , Michel , S. and Schwaninger , A. 2007 . “ Investigating training and transfer effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation ” . In Proceedings of the 29th annual Cognitive Science Society , Edited by: McNamara , D. S. and Trafton , J. G. 1181 – 1186 . Austin , TX : Cognitive Science Society . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Koller , S. , Hardmeier , D. , Michel , S. and Schwaninger , A. 2008 . Investigating training, transfer, and viewpoint effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation . Journal of Transportation Security , 1 : 81 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Koller , S. and Schwaninger , A. Assessing X-ray image interpretation competency of airport security screeners . In Garot, J.-M., & Tosic, V. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006 . pp. 399 – 402 . pp.Belgrade, Serbia: ICRAT Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kosslyn , S. M. 1994 . Image and brain , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Madhavan , P. and Gonzalez , C. 2009 . The relationship between stimulus-response mappings and the detection of novel stimuli in a simulated luggage screening task . Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science , 11 : 461 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• McCarley , J. S. , Kramer , A. F. , Wickens , C. D. , Vidoni , E. D. and Boot , W. R. 2004 . Visual skills in airport screening . Psychological Science , 15 : 302 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel , S. , Ruiter , J. , Hogervorst , M. , Koller , S. and Schwaninger , A. 2007 . IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 41 , : 201 – 206 . de Investigating training effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation..
   Google Scholar
• Osaka , N. , Rentschler , I. and Biederman , I. 2007 . Object recognition, attention, and action , Tokyo, Japan : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , S. E. 1999 . Vision science , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer , R. and Bongard , J. 2007 . How the body shapes the way we think , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pollack , I. and Norman , D. A. 1964 . A non-parametric analysis of recognition experiments . Psychonomic Science , 1 : 125 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Riegelnig , J. and Schwaninger , A. The influence of age and gender on detection performance and the criterion in x-ray screening . In Garot, J.-M., & Tosic, V. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006 . pp. 403 – 407 . pp.Belgrade, Serbia: ICRAT Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger, A., & Hofer, F. (2004). Evaluation of CBT for increasing threat detection performance in X-ray screening. In K. Morgan & M. J. Spector (Eds.), The internet society 2004, advances in learning, commerce and security (pp. 147–156). Wessex: WIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. 2004a . Computer based training: A powerful tool to the enhancement of human factors . Aviation Security International , : 31 – 36 . February
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. 2004b . Increasing efficiency in airport security screening , Vancouver, BC, Canada : Paper presented at AVSEC World 2004 . November
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. 2005 . Increasing efficiency in airport security screening . WIT Transactions on the Built Environment , 82 : 407 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. , Hardmeier , D. and Hofer , F. 2005 . IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 20 , 6 : 29 – 35 . Aviation security screeners visual abilities & visual knowledge measurement.
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. , Bolfing , A. , Halbherr , T. , Helman , S. , Belyavin , A. and Hay , L. The impact of image based factors and training on threat detection performance in X-ray screening . Young, D., & Saunders-Hodge, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT . pp. 317 – 324 . In2008pp.Fairfax, VA: ICRAT Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. 2009 . IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 43 , : 41 – 45 . Why do airport security screeners sometimes fail in covert tests?.
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger , A. , Hofer , F. and Wetter , O. E. Adaptive computer-based training increases on the job performance of x-ray screeners . Paper presented at the 41st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology . Ottawa , ON , Canada. October
   Google Scholar
• Schwaninger, A., Hardmeier, D., Riegelnig, J., & Martin, M. (2010). Use it and still lose it? The influence of age and job experience on detection performance in x-ray. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(3), 169–175.
   Google Scholar
• Tarr , M. J. and Bülthoff , H. H. 1998 . Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Treisman , A. 1986 . Features and objects in visual processing . Scientific American , 255 : 114B – 125B .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar