543
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

When Does a Proactive Personality Enhance an Employee’s Whistle-Blowing Intention?: A Cross-Level Investigation of the Employees in Chinese Companies

, , &

REFERENCES

  • Aquino, K., & Reed, A. II (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1423–1440. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1423
  • Arnaud, A., & Schminke, M. (2012). The ethical climate and context of organizations: A comprehensive model. Organization Science, 23, 1767–1780. doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0698
  • Barnett, T., Bass, K., & Brown, K. G. (1996). Religiosity, ethical ideology and intentions to report a peer’s wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1161–1174. doi:10.1007/BF00412815
  • Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behaviour: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103–118. doi:10.1002/job.4030140202
  • Berry, B. (2004). Organizational culture: A framework and strategies for facilitating employee whistle blowing. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 16, 1–11. doi:10.1023/B:ERRJ.0000017516.40437.b1
  • Bhal, K. T., & Dadhich, A. (2011). Impact of ethical leadership and leader-member exchange on whistle blowing: The moderating impact of the moral intensity of the issue. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 485–496. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0876-z
  • Bjørkelo, E. S., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2010). Predicting proactive behaviour at work: Exploring the role of personality as an antecedent of whistle blowing behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 371–394. doi:10.1348/096317910X486385
  • Blasi, A. (2004). Moral functioning: Moral understanding and personality. In D. K. Lapsley & D. Narvaez (Ed.), Moral development, self and identity (pp. 335–348). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Blasi, A. (2005). Moral character: A psychological approach. In D. K. Lapsley & F. C. Power (Eds.), Character psychology and character education (pp. 67–100). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Brewer, G. A., & Seiden, S. C. (1998). Whistleblowers in the federal civil service: New evidence of the public service ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8, 413–440. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024390
  • Brown, A. J. (Ed.). (2008). Whistleblowing in the Australian public sector: Enhancing the theory and practice of internal witness management in public sector organizations. Canberra, Australia: ANU E-Press.
  • Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Campbell, D. J. (2000). The proactive employee: Managing workplace initiative. The Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 52–66.
  • Chen, C. C., Zhang, A. Y., & Wang, H. (2014). Enhancing the effects of power sharing on psychological empowerment: The roles of management control and power distance orientation. Management and Organization Review, 10, 135–156. doi:10.1111/more.2014.10.issue-1
  • Chiu, R., & Erdener, C. (2003). The ethics of peer reporting in Chinese societies: Evidence from Hong Kong and Shanghai. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 335–353. doi:10.1080/0958519021000029153
  • Chiu, R. K. (2003). Ethical judgment and whistleblowing intention: Examining the moderating role of locus of control. Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 65–74. doi:10.1023/A:1022911215204
  • Cullen, J. B., Victor, B., & Stephens, C. (1989). An ethical weather report: Assessing the organization’s ethical climate. Organizational Dynamics, 18(2), 50–63. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(89)90042-9
  • Deshpande, S. P., Joseph, J., & Shu, X. (2011). Ethical climate and managerial success in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 99, 527–534. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0666-z
  • Dozier, J. B., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Potential predictors of whistle-blowing: A pro-social behaviour perspective. Academy of Management Review, 10, 823–836.
  • Farh, J. L., Hackett, R., & Liang, J. (2007). Individual-level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcome relationships in China: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 715–729. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2007.25530866
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
  • Fishbein, M. (1979). A theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 27, 65–116.
  • Fuller, B., & Marler, L. E. (2009). Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 329–345. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.008
  • Gundlach, M. J., Douglas, S. C., & Martinko, M. J. (2003). The decision to blow the whistle: A social information processing framework. Academy of Management Review, 28, 107−123.
  • Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Hardy, S. A. (2006). Identity, reasoning, and emotion: An empirical comparison of three sources of moral motivation. Motivation Emotion, 30, 205–213. doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9034-9
  • Henik, E. G. (2008). Mad as hell or scared stiff? The effects of value conflict and emotions on potential whistle-blowers, ethic issues in business: Reflections from the business academic community. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 111–119. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9441-1
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1993). An assessment of within-group interrater agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7, 306–309. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.306
  • Johnston, M. E., Sherman, A., & Grusec, J. (2013). Predicting moral outrage and religiosity with an implicit measure of moral identity. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 209–217. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.006
  • Jubb, P. (1999). Whistleblowing: A restrictive definition and interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics, 21(1), 77–95. doi:10.1023/A:1005922701763
  • Kaptein, M. (2010). From inaction to external whistle blowing: The influence of the ethical culture of organizations on employee responses to observed wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 98, 513–530.
  • Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development: The philosophy of moral development. San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row.
  • KPMG. (2013). Integrity survey 2013 (KPMG Forensic Rep.). Retrieved from http://www.kpmg.com.br/puplicacoes/forensic/Integrity_survey_2013.pdf
  • Lapsley, D. K., & Lasky, B. (2001). Prototypic moral character. Identity, 1, 345–363. doi:10.1207/S1532706XID0104_03
  • Leavitt, H. (1988). Managerial psychology: Managing behaviour on organizations. Chicago, IL: Dorsey Press.
  • Lee, J. Y., Heilmann, S. G., & Near, J. P. (2004). Blowing the whistle on sexual harassment: Test of a model of predictors and outcomes. Human Relations, 57, 297–322. doi:10.1177/0018726704043273
  • Li, N., Liang, J., & Crant, J. M. (2010). The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour: A relational perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 395–404. doi:10.1037/a0018079
  • Lindblom, L. (2007). Dissolving the moral dilemma of whistle-blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 413–426. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9291-2
  • MacNab, B. R., & Worthley, R. (2008). Self-efficacy as an intrapersonal predictor for internal whistle-blowing: A US and Canada examination. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 407–421. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9407-3
  • Martin, K. D., & Cullen, J. B. (2006). Continuities and extensions of ethical climate theory: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 175–194. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9084-7
  • McFerran, B., Aquino, K., & Duffy, M. (2010). How personality and moral identity relate to individuals’ ethical ideology. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20, 35–56. doi:10.5840/beq20102014
  • McLain, D. L., & Keenan, J. P. (1999). Risk, information, and the decision about response to wrongdoing in an organization. Journal of Business Ethics, 19, 255–271. doi:10.1023/A:1006168301995
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistle blowing in organizations: An examination of correlates of whistle blowing intentions, actions, and retaliation. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 277–297. doi:10.1007/s10551-005-0849-1
  • Miceli, M. P., Dozier, J. B., & Near, J. P. (1991). Blowing the whistle on data fudging: A controlled field experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 271–295. doi:10.1111/jasp.1991.21.issue-4
  • Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (1984). The relationships among beliefs, organizational position, and whistle-blowing status: A discriminant analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 687–705. doi:10.2307/255873
  • Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (1992). Blowing the whistle: The organizational and legal implications for companies and employees. New York, NY: Lexington.
  • Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). What makes whistle-blowers effective? Three field studies. Human Relations, 55, 455–479. doi:10.1177/0018726702055004463
  • Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., & Dworkin, T. M. (2008). Whistle-blowing in organizations. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., & Dworkin, T. M. (2009). A word to the wise: How managers and policy-makers can encourage employees to report wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 379–396. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9853-6
  • Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., & Van Scotter, J. R. (2012). Predicting employee reactions to perceived organizational wrongdoing: Demoralization, justice, proactive personality, and whistle-blowing. Human Relations, 65, 923–954. doi:10.1177/0018726712447004
  • Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle- blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4, 1–16. doi:10.1007/BF00382668
  • Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1996). Whistle-blowing: Myth and reality. Journal of Management, 22, 507–526. doi:10.1177/014920639602200306
  • Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M. K., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistle blowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the UK. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 929–939. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9603-1
  • Park, H., Rehg, M. T., & Lee, D. (2005). The influence of Confucian ethics and collectivism on whistle blowing intentions: A study of South Korean Public employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 387–403. doi:10.1007/s10551-004-5366-0
  • Ponemon, L. A. (1994). Comment: Whistle-blowing as an internal control mechanism: Individual and organizational considerations. Journal of Practice and Theory, 13, 118–130.
  • Reed, A., II., & Aquino, K. F. (2003). Moral identity and the expanding circle of moral regard towards out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1270–1286. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1270
  • Rehg, M. T., Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., & Van Scotter, J. R. (2008). Antecedents and outcomes of retaliation against whistleblower Bs: Gender differences and power relationships. Organization Science, 19, 221−240. doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0310
  • Reynolds, S. J., & Ceranic, T. L. (2007). The effects of moral judgment and moral identity on moral behaviour: An empirical examination of the moral individual. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1610–1624. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1610
  • Rothwell, G. R., & Baldwin, J. N. (2007). Ethical climate theory, whistle-blowing, and the code of silence in police agencies in the state of Georgia. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 341–361. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9114-5
  • Sims, R. L., & Keenan, J. P. (1998). Predictors of external whistleblowing: Organizational and intrapersonal variables. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 411–421. doi:10.1023/A:1005763807868
  • Stansbury, J. M., & Victor, B. (2009). Whistle-blowing among young employees: A life-course perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 281–299. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9770-8
  • Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behaviour. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345–372. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  • Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 500–517. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.500
  • Tett, R. P., & Guterman, H. A. (2000). Situation trait relevance, trait expression, and cross-situational consistency: Testing a principle of trait activation. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 397–423. doi:10.1006/jrpe.2000.2292
  • Treviño, L. K., & Weaver, G. R. (2001). Organizational justice and ethics program “follow- through”: Influences on employees’ harmful and helpful behaviour. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11, 651–671. doi:10.2307/3857765
  • Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioural ethics in organizations: A review. Journal of Management, 32, 951–990. doi:10.1177/0149206306294258
  • Tsai, M. T., & Huang, C. C. (2008). The relationship among ethical climate types, facets of job satisfaction, and the three components of organizational commitment: A study of nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 565–581. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9455-8
  • Vadera, A. K. (2010). Comparing extrinsic and intrinsic processes of whistle-blowing: A multi-method approach ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Urbana-Champaign, Graduate College of the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
  • Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviours: Evidence and construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108–119. doi:10.2307/256902
  • Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1987). A theory and measure of ethical climate in organizations. In W. C. Frederick (Ed.), Research in corporate social performance and policy (pp. 51–71). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 101–125. doi:10.2307/2392857
  • Victor, B., Trevino, L., & Shapiro, D. (1993). Peer reporting of unethical behaviour: The influence of justice evaluations and social context factors. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(4), 87–97. doi:10.1007/BF01666528
  • Wang, Y. D., & Hsieh, H. H. (2012). Toward a better understanding of the link between ethical climate and job satisfaction: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 535–545. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0984-9
  • Yang, K. S. (1981). Social orientation and individual modernity among Chinese students in Taiwan. Journal of Social Psychology, 113, 159–170. doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924368
  • Zhang, J., Chiu, R., & Wei, L. (2009). Decision-making process of internal whistle-blowing behavior in China: Empirical evidence and implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 25–41. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9831-z

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.