967
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH

The Influence of Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Christian Orthodoxy on Explicit and Implicit Measures of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Pages 316-329 | Published online: 10 Dec 2008

REFERENCES

  • Allport , G. 1954 . The nature of prejudice , New York : Doubleday and Company .
  • Altemeyer , B. and Hunsberger , B. 1992 . Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice . The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 2 : 113 – 133 .
  • Altemeyer , B. 2003 . Why do religious fundamentalists tend to be prejudiced? . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 13 ( 1 ) : 17 – 28 .
  • Banse , R. , Seise , J. and Zerbes , N. 2001 . Implicit attitudes towards homosexuality: Reliability, validity, and controllability of the IAT . Zeitschrift fur Experimentelle Psychologie , 48 ( 2 ) : 145 – 160 .
  • Bargh , J. A. , Chaiken , S. , Govender , R. and Pratto , F. 1992 . The generality of the automatic attitude activation effect . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 62 ( 6 ) : 893 – 912 .
  • Blanton , H. and Jaccard , J. 2006a . Arbitrary metrics in psychology . American Psychologist , 61 : 27 – 41 .
  • Blanton , H. and Jaccard , J. 2006b . Tests of multiplicative models in psychology: A case study using the unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept . Psychological Review , 113 : 155 – 169 .
  • Courville , T. and Thompson , B. 2001 . Use of structure coefficients in published multiple regression articles: β is not enough . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 61 : 229 – 248 .
  • Cunningham , W. A. , Nezlek , J. B. and Banaji , M. R. 2004 . Implicit and explicit ethnocentrism: Revisiting the ideologies of prejudice . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 30 ( 10 ) : 1332 – 1346 .
  • Cunningham , W. A. , Preacher , K. J. and Banaji , M. R. 2001 . Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity . Psychological Science , 12 ( 2 ) : 163 – 170 .
  • Dasgupta , N. and Rivera , L. M. 2006 . From automatic antigay prejudice to behavior: The moderating role of conscious beliefs about gender and behavior control . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 : 268 – 280 .
  • Fazio , R. H. , Sanbonmatsu , D. M. , Powell , M. C. and Kardes , F. R. 1986 . On the automatic activation of attitudes . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 50 ( 2 ) : 229 – 238 .
  • Fazio , R. H. and Olson , M. A. 2003 . Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use . Annual Review of Psychology , 54 : 297 – 327 .
  • Finlay , B. and Walther , C. S. 2003 . The relation of religious affiliation, service attendance, and other factors to homophobic attitudes among university students . Review of Religious Research , 44 : 370 – 393 .
  • Fisher , R. D. , Derison , D. , Polley , C. F. III , Cadman , J. and Johnston , D. 1994 . Religiousness, religious orientation, and attitudes toward gays and lesbians . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 614 – 630 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. and Banaji , M. R. 1995 . Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes . Psychological Review , 102 ( 1 ) : 4 – 27 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. , McGhee , D. E. and Schwartz , J. L. K. 1998 . Measuring individual difference in implicit cognition: The implicit association test . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 ( 6 ) : 1464 – 1480 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. , Banaji , M. R. , Rudman , L. A. , Farnham , S. D. , Nosek , B. A. and Mellott , D. S. 2002 . A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept . Psychological Review , 109 : 3 – 25 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. , Nosek , B. A. and Banaji , M. R. 2003 . Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 85 ( 2 ) : 197 – 216 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. , Nosek , B. A. , Rudman , L. A. and Zayas , V. 2006 . Why so little faith? A reply to Blanton and Jaccard's (2006) skeptical view of testing pure multiplicative theories . Psychological Review , 113 ( 1 ) : 170 – 180 .
  • Herek , G. M. 1987 . Religion and prejudice: A comparison of racial and sexual attitudes . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 13 : 56 – 65 .
  • Herek , G. M. 1988 . Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences . Journal of Sex Research , 25 : 451 – 477 .
  • Herek , G. M. and Capitanio , J. P. 1996 . “Some of my best friends”: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 22 : 412 – 424 .
  • Hunsberger , B. 1989 . A short version of the Christian orthodoxy scale . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 28 : 360 – 365 .
  • Hunsberger , B. 1996 . Religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism, and hostility toward homosexuals in non-Christian religious groups . The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 6 : 39 – 49 .
  • Jellison , W. A. , McConnell , A. R. and Gabriel , S. 2004 . Implicit and explicit measures of sexual orientation attitudes: Ingroup preferences and related behaviors and beliefs among gay and straight men . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 30 ( 5 ) : 629 – 642 .
  • Karpinski , A. and Hilton , J. L. 2001 . Attitudes and the implicit association test . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 ( 5 ) : 774 – 788 .
  • Laythe , B. , Finkel , D. G. , Bringle , R. G. and Kirkpatrick , L. A. 2002 . Religious fundamentalism as a predictor of prejudice: A two-component model . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 41 ( 4 ) : 235 – 635 .
  • Laythe , B. , Finkel , D. G. and Kirkpatrick , L. A. 2001 . Predicting prejudice from religious fundamentalism and right-wing authoritarianism: A multiple-regression approach . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 40 : 1 – 10 .
  • McFarland , S. 1989 . Religious orientations and the targets of discrimination . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 28 : 324 – 326 .
  • Nosek , B. A. , Smyth , F. L. , Hansen , J. J. , Devos , T. , Linder , N. M. , Ranganath , K. A. , Smith , C. T. , Olson , K. R. , Chugh , D. , Greenwald , A. G. and Banaji , M. R. Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes (in press)
  • Rowatt , W. C. and Franklin , L. M. 2004 . Christian orthodoxy, religious fundamentalism, and right-wing authoritarianism as predictors of implicit racial prejudice . The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 14 ( 2 ) : 125 – 138 .
  • Rowatt , W. C. , Tsang , J. , Kelly , J. , LaMartina , B. , McCullers , M. and McKinley , A. 2006 . Associations between religious personality dimensions and implicit homosexual prejudice . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 45 : 397 – 406 .
  • Seise , J. , Banse , R. and Neyer , F. J. 2002 . Individual differences in terms of implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexuality: An empirical study . Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung , 15 ( 1 ) : 21 – 42 .
  • Steffens , M. C. and Buchner , A. 2003 . Implicit association test: Separating transituationally stable and variable components of attitudes toward gay men . Experimental Psychology , 50 ( 1 ) : 33 – 48 .
  • Wilkinson , W. W. 2004 . Religiosity, authoritarianism, and homophobia: A multidimensional approach . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 14 : 55 – 67 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.