Religion and Prejudice Toward Immigrants and Refugees: A Meta-Analytic Review

References

• Afrobarometer Data. (2016). Round 6. http://www.afrobarometer.org.
   Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal Of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443. doi:10.1037/h0021212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altemeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(2), 113–133. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R. (2015). The social psychology of religion: Using scientific methodologies to understand religion. In B. Mohan (Ed.), Construction of social psychology: Advances in psychology and psychological trends series (2 ed., pp. 173–185). Lisboa, Portugal: In Science Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., & Ferguson, R. (2018). Demographic and ideological correlates of negative attitudes towards asylum seekers: A meta-analytic review. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(1), 18–29. doi:10.1111/ajpy.12162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., & Koc, Y. (2015). Exploring patterns of explicit andimplicit anti-gay attitudes in Muslims and Atheists. European Journalof Social Psychology, 45, 687–701. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2126
   Google Scholar
• Andreß, H.-J., Diekmann, A., Feger, H., Huinink, J., Meulemann, H., Schmitt-Beck, R., & Solga, H. (2008). German general social survey - ALLBUS 2006. In: GESIS Datenarchiv, Köln. ZA4502 Datenfile Version 1.0.0 (2010), doi:10.4232/1.10110.
   Google Scholar
• ARK. Northern Ireland life and times survey. (2013). Author www.ark.ac.uk/nilt.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., & Antalíková, R. (2014). Framing (implicitly) matters: The role of religion in attitudes toward immigrants and Muslims in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(6), 593–600. doi:10.1111/sjop.12161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., Stuart, A., & Rossen, I. (2015). Not all negative: Macro justice principles predict positive attitudes towards asylum seekers in Australia. Australian Journal of Psychology, 67(4), 207–213. doi:10.1111/ajpy.12085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., & Cheers, C. (2018). Does the dark triad predict prejudice?: The role of machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism in explaining negativity toward asylum seekers. Australian Psychologist. doi:10.1111/ap.12283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R. (2017). The moderating role of socially desirable responding in implicit–explicit attitudes toward asylum seekers. International Journal of Psychology. doi:10.1002/ijop.12439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R. (2018b). The prejudice against asylum seekers scale: Presenting the psychometric properties of a new measure of classical and conditional attitudes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1–17. doi:10.1080/00224545.2017.1404958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., Koc, Y., Hartley, L., & Pedersen, A. (2019). Differing operationalization of political ideologies have different pathways to prejudice against asylum seekers. Manuscript in preparation for submission.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Red Cross. (2014). Asylum seekers: 13 things you should know. Retrieved from https://www.redcross.org.au/getmedia/229289f9-d5ec-446a-bdb1-fbdcecc502f9/20141103-Asylum-seekers-13-things-you-should-know-FINAL-HR-crop.pdf.aspx
   Google Scholar
• BLOOM, P. B. N., Arikan, G., & Courtemanche, M. (2015). Religious social identity, religious belief, and anti-immigration sentiment. American Political Science Review, 109(2), 203–221. doi:10.1017/S0003055415000143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, E., & Rothstein, H. R. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.0). Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
   Google Scholar
• Brambilla, M., Manzi, C., Regalia, C., & Verkuyten, M. (2013). Religiosity and prejudice: Different patterns for two types of religious internalization. Journal of Social Psychology, 153(4), 486–498. doi:10.1080/00224545.2013.768592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1992). A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowling, M., & Anderson, J. R. (2019, in press). The role of religion in prejudice against Muslim and Christian refugees in Malaysia. International Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion. doi:10.1080/10508619.2019.1567242.
   Google Scholar
• Cowling, M., Anderson, J. R., & Ferguson, R. (2019). Prejudice-relevant correlates of attitudes towards refugees: A meta-analysis. Journal of Refugee Studies, Advanced Online Issue. doi:10.1093/jrs/fey062
   Google Scholar
• Crandall, C. S., Eshleman, A., & O’brien, L. (2002). Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: The struggle for internalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(3), 359–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajduković, D., Bakić, B., Stanković, N., & Matić, J. (2017). Unpublished Data. Zagreb, Croatia: Institute for Social Research.
   Google Scholar
• Downes, M. J., Brennan, M. L., Williams, H. C., & Dean, R. S. (2016). Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ open, 6(12), e011458. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56(2), 455–463. doi:10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, A. (2017). Forced displacement worldwide at its highest in decades. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/en-au/news/stories/2017/6/5941561f4/forced-displacement-worldwide-its-highest-decades.html
   Google Scholar
• Eisinga, R., Felling, A., Peters, J., Scheepers, P., & Schreuder, O. (1990). Religion in Dutch society (Vol. 90), Steinmetz Archive, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Eisinga, R., Felling, A., Konig, R., Peters, J., & Scheepers, P. (1995). Religion in Dutch society (Vol. 95), Steinmetz Archive, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Eisinga, R., Coenders, M., Felling, A., Grotenhuis, M. T., Oomens, S., & Scheepers, P. (2000). Religion in Dutch society 2000, Steinmetz Archive, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data (2002). Data file edition 6.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data (2004). Data file edition 3.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data (2006). Data file edition 3.7. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data (2008). Data file edition 4.5. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data (2010). Data file edition 3.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data (2012). Data file edition 2.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data (2014). Data file edition 2.2. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data (2016). Data file edition 2.1. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• Esses, V. M., Dovidio, J. F., Jackson, L. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (2001). The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 389–412. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esses, V. M., Medianu, S., & Lawson, A. S. (2013). Uncertainty, threat, and the role of the media in promoting the dehumanization of immigrants and refugees. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 518–536. doi:10.1111/josi.2013.69.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felling, A., Peters, J., & Schreuder, O. (1986). Geloven en leven: Een nationaal onderzoek naar de invloed van religieuze overtuigingen (Believing and living: a national research for the influence of religious beliefs). Zeist: Kerckebosch.
   Google Scholar
• Grigoryan, L. K., & Ponizovskiy, V. A. (2018). The three facets of national identity: Identity dynamics and attitudes towards immigrants in Russia. Manuscript submitted for publication, Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, D. L., Matz, D. C., & Wood, W. (2010). Why don’t we practice what we preach? A meta-analytic review of religious racism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 126–139. doi:10.1177/1088868309352179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, L., Anderson, J. R., & Pedersen, A. (2018, in press). Process in the community, detain offshore or “turn back the boats”? Predicting Australian asylum-seeker policy support from false beliefs, prejudice, and political ideology. Journal of Refugee Studies. doi:10.1093/jrs/fey048.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, M., Claes, E., Harell, A., Quintelier, E., & Dejaeghere, Y. (2010). Anti-gay sentiment among adolescents in Belgium and Canada: A comparative investigation into the role of gender and religion. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 384–400. doi:10.1080/00918360903543071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Marín-Martínez, F., & Botella, J. (2006). Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index? Psychological Methods, 11(2), 193–206. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.11.2.193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2018). World Migration Report 2018. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Allerbeck, K., Allmendinger, J., Bürklin, W., Kiefer, M. L., Müller, W., Opp, K.-D., & Scheuch, E. K. (2005). German general social survey - ALLBUS 1996. In: GESIS Datenarchiv, Köln. ZA3751 Datenfile Version 1.0.0 (2010). doi:10.4232/1.3751.
   Google Scholar
• Kang, L. L. (2018). Religious fundamentalism and attitudes toward immigrants and Syrian refugees. (79), ProQuest information & learning, US. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.acu.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2017-54456-040&site=ehost-live&scope=site
   Google Scholar
• Kapelles, T., Anderson, J. R., & Ferguson, R. (under review). A meta-analysis of sexual prejudice and religious priming effects. Manuscript to be submitted for consideration.
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel, E. L., Nooruddin, I., & Shortle, A. F. (2011). Divine boundaries: How religion shapes citizens’ attitudes toward immigrants. American Politics Research, 39(1), 205–233. doi:10.1177/1532673X10371300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matić, J., Puzić, S., Löw, A., & Baranović, B. (2016). Unpublished Data. Zagreb, Croatia: Institute for Social Research.
   Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, T. P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehrson, S., Gheorghiu, M. A., & Ireland, T. (2012). Cultural threat and anti‐immigrant prejudice: The case of Protestants in Northern Ireland. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(2), 111–124. doi:10.1002/casp.1105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, A., & Hartley, L. K. (2014). Asylum seeker attitudes (Unpublished thesis data). Perth, Australia: Curtin University.
   Google Scholar
• Nukpezah, J. A. (2017). Creating an immigrant-friendly society-what drives feelings toward immigrants? Journal of Policy Practice, 16(4), 472–492. doi:10.1080/15588742.2017.1344605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, A., & Hartley, L. K. (2017). False beliefs about Asylum seekers to Australia: The role of confidence in such beliefs, prejudice, and the third person effect. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 11, e5. doi:10.1017/prp.2017.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson, M., Matera, C., Tip, L. K., & Brown, R. (2017). The double-edged effect of intergroup similarity: Muslim and Christian immigrants’ acculturation preferences on intergroup relations in Sweden. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. doi:10.1177/1368430217740432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehrson, S., Gheorghiu, M. A., & Ireland, T. (2012). Cultural threat and anti‐immigrant prejudice: the case of protestants in northern ireland. Journal Of Community And Applied Social Psychology, 22(2), 111–124. doi:10.1002/casp.1105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, R., Paradies, Y., & Pedersen, A. (2015). Religious ambivalence: suppression of pro-social attitudes toward asylum seekers by right-wing authoritarianism. The Internationaljournal for The Psychology Ofreligion, 25, 1–33. doi:10.1080/10508619.2014.921473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• References used in the meta-analysis are indicated with an asterisk.
   Google Scholar
• Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(1), 15–25. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00233-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroglou, V., Pichon, I., Trompette, L, Verschueren, M, & Dernelle, R. (2005). Prosocial behavior and religion: new evidence based on projective measures and peer ratings. 44(3), 323–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-906.2005.00289.x
   Google Scholar
• Shariff, A. F., Willard, A. K., Andersen, T., & Norenzayan, A. (2016). Religious priming: A meta-analysis with a focus on prosociality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(1), 27–48. doi:10.1177/1088868314568811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, J. H., Troughton, G., Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. A. (2016). Religion and the unmaking of prejudice toward Muslims: Evidence from a large national sample. PloS one, 11(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2014). P-Curve: A key to the file-drawer. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 534–547. doi:10.1037/a0033242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33(1), 1–39. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, United Kingdom: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). (2017). International Migration Report 2017: Highlights. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (n.d.-a). Asylum Seeker. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/asylum-seeker/
   Google Scholar
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2017a). Global trends: Forced displacement in 2016. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2016/
   Google Scholar
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2017b). Poorer countries host most of the forcibly displaced, report shows. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/en-au/news/latest/2017/2/58b001ab4/poorer-countries-host-forcibly-displaced-report-shows.html
   Google Scholar
• Ward, C., & Masgoret, A.-M. (2008). Attitudes toward immigrants, immigration, and multiculturalism in New Zealand: A social psychological analysis. The International Migration Review, 42(1), 227–248. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00119.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, B. E. (2009). Religiosity and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A meta-analysis. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 21–38. doi:10.1080/10508610802471104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yitmen, Ş., & Verkuyten, M. (2017). Feelings toward refugees and non-Muslims in Turkey: The roles of national and religious identifications, and multiculturalism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. doi:10.1111/jasp.12493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar