Flyers, fighters, and freezers: how formerly incarcerated women coped with reentry and the job search during the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• Abrams, L. S., Reed, T. A., Bondoc, C., Acosta, D. R., Murillo, M., & Barnert, E. S. (2022). “It was there when I came home”: Young adults and jail reentry in the context of COVID-19. American Journal of Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-022-09683-8
   Google Scholar
• Alper, M., Durose, M. R., & Markman, J. (2018). 2018 update on prisoner recidivism: A 9-year follow-up period (2005–2014). Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/18upr9yfup0514.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barrick, K., Lattimore, P. K., & Visher, C. A. (2014). Reentering women: The impact of social ties on long-term recidivism. The Prison Journal, 94(3), 279–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514537596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belknap, J. (2020). The invisible woman: Gender, crime, and justice. SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Cobbina, J. E. (2010). Reintegration success and failure: Factors impacting reintegration among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated women. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(3), 210–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509671003666602
   Google Scholar
• Decker, S. H., Spohn, C., Ortiz, N. R., & Hedberg, E. (2014). Criminal stigma, race, gender, and employment: An expanded assessment of the consequences of imprisonment for employment. Unpublished final report, Department of Justice, USA.
   Google Scholar
• DeHart, D. D. (2008). Pathways to prison: Impact of victimization in the lives of incarcerated women. Violence against Women, 14(12), 1362–1381. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208327018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeHart, D., Lynch, S., Belknap, J., Dass-Brailsford, P., & Green, B. (2014). Life history models of female offending: The roles of serious mental illness and trauma in women’s pathways to jail. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684313494357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschenes, E. P., Owen, B., & Crow, J. (2012). Recidivism among female prisoners: Secondary analysis of the 1994 BJS recidivism data set. Final report to U.S. Department of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, M., & Homan, A. C. (2016). Engaging in rather than disengaging from stress: Effective coping and perceived control. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1415. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenberg, N., Daniels, J., Crum, M., Perkins, T., & Richie, B. E. (2005). Coming home from jail: the social and health consequences of community reentry for women, male adolescents, and their families and communities. American Journal of Public Health, 95(10), 1725–1736. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.056325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galgano, S. W. (2009). Barriers to reintegration: An audit study of the impact of race and offender status on employment opportunities for women. Social Thought & Research, 30, 21–37.
   Google Scholar
• Giordano, P. C., Cernkovich, S. A., & Rudolph, J. L. (2002). Gender, crime, and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 990–1064. https://doi.org/10.1086/343191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazer, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Heidemann, G., Cederbaum, J. A., & Martinez, S. (2016). Beyond recidivism: How formerly incarcerated women define success. Affilia, 31(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109915581702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R., & Toch, H. (1982). The pains of imprisonment. SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R., Rocheleau, A. M., & Martin, A. B. (2017). Hard time: Understanding and reforming the prison. Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, J. (2018, March). Barriers to reentry and their disparate impact on women. R Street. https://www.rstreet.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Final-Short-No.-59-for-posting.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Koski, S. V., & Bantley, K. A. (2013). Coping with reentry barriers: Strategies used by women offenders. InSight: Rivier Academic Journal, 9(1), 1–17. https://www2.rivier.edu/journal/ROAJSpring2013/J671_Koski_Bantley_WomenOffendeWo.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Leasure, P., & Zhang, G. (2021). Women, criminal records, and certificates of relief: An experimental study. Justice Evaluation Journal, 4(2), 260–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2020.1847602
   Google Scholar
• Leverentz, A. M. (2014). The ex-prisoner’s dilemma: How women negotiate competing narratives of reentry and desistance. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liem, M., & Garcin, J. (2014). Post-release success among paroled lifers. Laws, 3(4), 798–823. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws3040798
   Google Scholar
• Maruna, S. (2001). Making good. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• O’Hanlon, R., & Broome, J. (2022). The experiences of older formerly incarcerated adults in a specialized reentry program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 61(6), 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2022.2081647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, P. (2001). “Just like baking a cake”: Women describe the necessary ingredients for successful reentry after incarceration. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 82(3), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opsal, T. (2012). ‘Livin’ on the Straights’: Identity, desistance, and work among women post‐incarceration. Sociological Inquiry, 82(3), 378–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2012.00421.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz, N. R. (2014). The gendering of criminal stigma: An experiment testing the effects of race/ethnicity and incarceration on women’s entry-level job prospects. Arizona State University.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, L. A., & Lindsay, M. (2011). Prison to society: A mixed methods analysis of coping with reentry. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(1), 136–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X09350212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richie, B. E. (2001). Challenges incarcerated women face as they return to their communities: Findings from life history interviews. Crime & Delinquency, 47(3), 368–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047003005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roddy, A. L., Morash, M., & Hoskins, K. M. (2021). An exploration of employment-related personal projects undertaken by women on probation and parole. Feminist Criminology, 16(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085120951843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Salisbury, E. J., & Van Voorhis, P. (2009). Gendered pathways: A quantitative investigation of women probationers’ paths to incarceration. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(6), 541–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809334076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer, W. (2018). The gender divide: Tracking women’s state prison growth. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/women_overtime.html
   Google Scholar
• Scroggins, J. R., & Malley, S. (2010). Reentry and the (unmet) needs of women. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(2), 146–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509670903546864
   Google Scholar
• The Sentencing Project (2022). Incarcerated women and girls. https://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Incarcerated-Women- and-Girls.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2013). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Uggen, C., & Kruttschnitt, C. (1998). Crime in the breaking: Gender differences in desistance. Law & Society Review, 32(2), 339. https://doi.org/10.2307/827766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesely, J. K., & Dewey, S. C. (2018). Confronting gendered pathways to incarceration. Social Justice, 45(151), 57–82.
   Google Scholar
• Western, B. (2018). Homeward: Life in the year after prison. Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar