References
- Aguinis, H., Villamor, I., & Ramani, R. S. (2021). Mturk research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Management, 47(4), 823–837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320969787
- Allen, M., & Preiss, R. W. (1997). Comparing the persuasiveness of narrative and statistical evidence using meta-analysis. Communication Research Reports, 14(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099709388654
- Anderson, A. A., Brossard, D., Scheufele, D. A., Xenos, M. A., & Ladwig, P. (2014). The “nasty effect”: Online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(3), 373–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12009
- Arechar, A. A., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Turking in the time of COVID. Behavior Research Methods, 53(6), 2591–2595. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01588-4
- Baird, M. L., & Kelly, M. D. (1974). A paradigm for semantic picture recognition. Pattern Recognition, 6(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(74)90008-9
- Barbour, I. G. (1997). Religion and science. HarperOne.
- Barthes, R. (1978). Image-music-text. Hill and Wang.
- Bol, N., van Weert, J. C. M., de Haes, H. C. J. M., Loos, E. F., de Heer, S., Sikkel, D., & Smets, E. M. A. (2014). Using cognitive and affective illustrations to enhance older adults’ website satisfaction and recall of online cancer-related information. Health Communication, 29(7), 678–688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.771560
- Campbell, C., & Scott, K. (2011). Mediated health campaigns: From information to social change. In D. Hook, B. Franks, & M. W. Bauer (Eds.), The social psychology of communication (pp. 266–283). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230297616_14
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum.
- Critchley, C., Nicol, D., Otlowski, M., & Chalmers, D. (2015). Public reaction to direct-to-consumer online genetic tests: Comparing attitudes, trust and intentions across commercial and conventional providers. Public Understanding of Science, 24(6), 731–750. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662513519937
- David, P. (1998). News concreteness and visual-verbal association: Do news pictures narrow the recall gap between concrete and abstract news? Human Communication Research, 25(2), 180–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1998.tb00442.x
- Demuth, J. L., Morss, R. E., Lazo, J. K., & Trumbo, C. (2016). The effects of past hurricane experiences on evacuation intentions through risk perception and efficacy beliefs: A mediation analysis. Weather, Climate, and Society, 8(4), 327–344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0074.1
- Dubé, K., Simoni, J., Louella, M., Sylla, L., Mohamed, Z. H., Patel, H., Luter, S., & Collier, A. C. (2019). Acceptability of cell and gene therapy for curing HIV infection among people living with HIV in the northwestern United States: A qualitative study. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 35(7), 649–659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2019.0021
- Eitel, A., & Scheiter, K. (2015). Picture or text first? explaining sequence effects when learning with pictures and text. Educational Psychology Review, 27(1), 153–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9264-4
- Ellsworth, P. C., & Smith, C. A. (1988). From appraisal to emotion: Differences among unpleasant feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 12(3), 271–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993115
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
- Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.701
- Guo, D., Zhang, S., Wright, K. L., & McTigue, E. M. (2020). Do you get the picture? a meta-analysis of the effect of graphics on reading comprehension. AERA Open, 6(1), 2332858420901696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420901696
- Harp, S. F., & Mayer, R. E. (1997). The role of interest in learning from scientific text and illustrations: On the distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.1.92
- Jaeger, A. J., & Wiley, J. (2014). Do illustrations help or harm metacomprehension accuracy? Learning and Instruction, 34, 58–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.08.002
- Jeong, S. (2008). Visual metaphor in advertising: Is the persuasive effect attributable to visual argumentation or metaphorical rhetoric? Journal of Marketing Communications, 14(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14697010701717488
- Jian, Y., Yu, I. Y., Yang, M. X., & Zeng, K. J. (2020). The impacts of fear and uncertainty of covid-19 on environmental concerns, brand trust, and behavioral intentions toward green hotels. Sustainability: Science Practice and Policy, 12(20), 8688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208688
- Kato, M. (2018). Genomics and cure: Understanding narratives of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan. Anthropology & Medicine, 25(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2018.1427695
- Kounios, J., & Holcomb, P. J. (1994). Concreteness effects in semantic processing: ERP evidence supporting dual-coding theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology,Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 804–823. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.20.4.804
- Krasnoryadtseva, A., Dalbeth, N., & Petrie, K. J. (2020). The effect of different styles of medical illustration on information comprehension, the perception of educational material and illness beliefs. Patient Education and Counseling, 103(3), 556–562. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.09.026
- Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50(1), 46–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02833.x
- Levie, W. H. (1987). Research on pictures: A guide to the literature. In D. M. Willows & H. A. Houghton (Eds.), The Psychology of Illustration (pp. 1–50). Springer-Verlag.
- Levin, J. R., & Mayer, R. E. (1993). Understanding illustrations in text. In B. K. Britton, A. Woodward, & M. Binkley (Eds.), Learning from textbooks: Theory and practice (pp. 95–113). Erlbaum.
- Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267
- Lu, J., Xie, X., & Zhang, R. (2013). Focusing on appraisals: How and why anger and fear influence driving risk perception. Journal of Safety Research, 45, 65–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.01.009
- Mayer, R. E. (1999). Multimedia aids to problem-solving transfer. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(7), 611–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00027-0
- Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press.
- Messaris, P. (1997). Visual persuasion: The role of images in advertising. SAGE Publications.
- Moyer-Gusé, E. (2008). Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: Explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Communication Theory, 18(3), 407–425. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.00328.x
- Moyer-Gusé, E., & Nabi, R. L. (2011). Comparing the effects of entertainment and educational television programming on risky sexual behavior. Health Communication, 26(5), 416–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.552481
- Nan, X., Dahlstrom, M. F., Richards, A., & Rangarajan, S. (2015). Influence of evidence type and narrative type on HPV risk perception and intention to obtain the HPV vaccine. Health Communication, 30(3), 301–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.888629
- Ollerenshaw, A., Aidman, E., & Kidd, G. (1997). Is an illustration always worth ten thousand words? effects of prior knowledge, learning style and multimedia illustrations on text comprehension. International Journal of Instructional Media, 24(3), 227. http://search.proquest.com/openview/cc0427345156a5b021488c6a4e4b0c68/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30932
- Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and language. In S. J. Segal (Ed.), Imagery (pp. 7–32). Academic Press. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012635450850008X
- Paivio, A. (1990). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Oxford University Press.
- Peng, W., & Huang, Q. (2020). An examination of Surprise and emotions in the processing of anecdotal evidence. Health Communication 35 (6) , 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1587813
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 123–205). Academic Press.
- Rutjens, B. T., van der Linden, S., & van der Lee, R. (2021). Science skepticism in times of COVID-19. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220981415
- Sadoski, M., & Paivio, A. (2012). Imagery and text: A dual coding theory of reading and writing. Routledge.
- Schreiner, C., Appel, M., Isberner, M.-B., & Richter, T. (2018). Argument strength and the persuasiveness of stories. Discourse Processes, 55(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2016.1257406
- Siegrist, M., & Árvai, J. (2020). Risk perception: Reflections on 40 years of research. Risk Analysis, 40(S1), 2191–2206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13599
- Sjöberg, L. (2000). Factors in risk perception. Risk Analysis, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.00001
- Sjöberg, L. (2008). Genetically modified food in the eyes of the public and experts. Risk Management, 10(3), 168–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/rm.2008.2
- Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236(4799), 280–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507
- Slovic, P., & Peters, E. (2006). Risk perception and affect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 322–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x
- Strong, H., Mitchell, M. J., Goldstein-Leever, A., Shook, L., Malik, P., & Crosby, L. E. (2017). Patient perspectives on gene transfer therapy for sickle cell disease. Advances in Therapy, 34(8), 2007–2021. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-017-0587-7
- Tal-Or, N., & Cohen, J. (2010). Understanding audience involvement: Conceptualizing and manipulating identification and transportation. Poetics, 38(4), 402–418. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.05.004
- Tanner, B., & Larson, P. (1994). “Worth a thousand words”: Choosing and using illustration for technical communication. Technical Communication, 41(1), 150–153. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43090938
- Wojcieszak, M., Azrout, R., Boomgaarden, H., Alencar, A. P., & Sheets, P. (2017). Integrating Muslim immigrant minorities: The effects of narrative and statistical messages. Communication Research, 44(4), 582–607. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215600490