1,333
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Gender, age, and race in subprime America

&
Pages 529-564 | Received 11 Jul 2010, Accepted 09 Aug 2011, Published online: 26 Oct 2011

References

  • Allison and Paul . 2002 . Missing data , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Apgar , William , C. and Fishbein , Allen J. 2005 . “ Changing industrial organization of housing finance and changing role of community-based organizations ” . In Building assets, building credit: Creating wealth in low-income communities , Edited by: Retsinas , Nicolas P. and Belsky , Eric S. 107 – 37 . Washington, DC : Brookings .
  • Ashton and Phil . 2009 . An appetite for yield: The anatomy of the subprime mortgage crisis . Environment and Planning A , 41 ( 6 ) : 1420 – 41 .
  • Becker and Gary , S. 1957 . The economics of discrimination , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Bernard and Tara Siegel . 2011 . Mortgage company settles maternity leave case . New York Times , May 31
  • Bocian , Debbie Gruenstein , Ernst , Keith S. and Wei Li . 2008 . Race, ethnicity, and subprime home loan pricing . Journal of Economics and Business , 60 ( 1–2 ) : 11024
  • Boyer and Brian . 1973 . Cities destroyed for cash , Chicago : Follett .
  • Brennan and William , J. May 24 2000 . Testimony before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services , May 24 , Washington, DC : US House of Representatives .
  • Budig , Michelle , J. and Paula England . 2001 . The wage penalties for motherhood . American Sociological Review , 66 ( 2 ) : 204 – 25 .
  • Bunce , Harold , Alistair McFarlane , William , J. Reid and Kurt , Usowski . 2009 . The impact of mortgage disclosure reform under RESPA . Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research , 11 ( No. 2 ) : 117 – 36 .
  • Calandra and Brian . 2008 . Sound and fury, accomplishing nothing? Why haven't empirical data, commentator advocacy and sympathetic media coverage helped women in bankruptcy? . Women's Rights Law Reporter , 30 : 184 – 218 .
  • Carr , James , H. and Megbolugbe , Isaac F. 1993 . The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston study on mortgage lending revisited . Journal of Housing Research , 4 ( 2 ) : 277 – 313 .
  • Cayne Bernard S. 1990 The new Lexicon Webster's encyclopedic dictionary New York Lexicon Publications
  • Chinloy , Peter and Nancy Macdonald . 1995 . Subprime lenders and mortgage market completion . Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics , 30 ( 2 ) : 153 – 65 .
  • Consumers Union . October 2002 . Elderly in the subprime market , October , Austin, TX : Consumers Union .
  • Davies and Paul , D. 2001 . Subprime lenders prey on hard-luck consumers . Philadelphia Daily News , 7 February
  • Engel , Kathleen and McCoy , Patricia A. 2002 . A tale of three markets: The law and economics of predatory lending . Texas Law Review , 80 ( 6 ) : 1255 – 381 .
  • Engel , Kathleen and McCoy , Patricia A. 2011 . The subprime virus: Reckless credit, regulatory failure, and next steps , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Feagin , Joe , R. and Sykes , Melvin P. 1994 . Living with racism: The black middle class experience , Boston : Beacon Press .
  • Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) . 2007 . 2006 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Loan Application Register Data , Washington, DC : FFIEC .
  • Ferguson , Alease , S. and King , Toni C. 2006 . Taking up our elders' burdens as our own: African American women against elder financial fraud . National Women's Studies Association Journal , 18 ( 2 ) : 148 – 69 .
  • Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) . 2011 . Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States , Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
  • Friedman and Milton . 1962 . Capitalism and freedom , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Fukuyama , Francis and Seth Colby . 2009 . What were they thinking? The role of economics in the financial debacle . The American Interest , September/October : 18 – 25 .
  • Galster and George , C. Research on discrimination in housing and mortgage markets: Assessment and future directions . Proceedings, Fannie Mae Housing Conference . Washington, DC : Fannie Mae Foundation .
  • General Accounting Office . 2004 . Federal and state agencies face challenges in combating predatory lending. US Senate Special Committee on Aging, GAO-04-280 , Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
  • Ginty and Molly , M. 2010 . In subprime fallout, women take a heavy hit . Women's ENews/The Nation Investigative Fund , January 14
  • Gotham, Kevin Fox. 2009. Creating liquidity out of spatial fixity: The secondary circuit of capital and the subprime mortgage crisis. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33, no. 2: 355–71
  • Hanson , Susan and Geraldine Pratt . 1989 . Reconceptualizing the links between home and work in urban geography . Economic Geography , 64 ( 4 ) : 299 – 321 .
  • Harvey and David . 1974 . “ Class-monopoly rent, finance capital, and the urban revolution ” . In Readings in urban analysis , Edited by: Lake , Robert W. 250 – 77 . New Brunswick, NJ : Center for Urban Policy Research . (1983)
  • Huck and Paul . 2001 . Home mortgage lending by applicant race: Do HMDA figures provide a distorted picture? . Housing Policy Debate , 12 ( 4 ) : 719 – 36 .
  • Hunter , William , C. and Mary Beth Walker . The cultural affinity hypothesis and mortgage lending decisions . Working Paper WP 95 8 . Chicago : Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago .
  • Hyman and Louis . forthcoming . Ending discrimination, legitimizing debt: The political economy of race, gender, and credit access in the 1960s and 1970s . Enterprise and Society ,
  • Illinois Association of Mortgage Brokers v. Office of Banks and Real Estate . 2001 . No. 01 C5151. August 31. Brief, Amici Curiae
  • Immergluck and Dan . 2004 . Credit to the community , Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
  • Immergluck and Dan . 2008 . From the subprime to the exotic: Excessive mortgage market risk and foreclosures . Journal of the American Planning Association , 74 ( 1 ) : 59 – 76 .
  • Immergluck and Dan . 2009 . Foreclosed , Cornell : Cornell University Press .
  • Johnson and Creola . 2008 . Fight blight: Cities sue to hold lenders responsible for the rise in foreclosures and abandoned properties . Utah Law Review , : 1170 – 253 .
  • Karikari , John , A. , Ioan Voicu and Irene Fong . 2009 . FHA vs. Subprime Mortgage Originations: Is FHA lending the answer to subprime lending? . Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics , November : 1 – 18 .
  • Kennedy , R. 1999 . Home lender settles case alleging bias . New York Times , 23 June : B1
  • Kucinich and Dennis . October 3 2008 . “ Revised and extended remarks ” . In Congressional Record – House , October 3 , H10766 Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
  • Kunze and Astrid . 2008 . Gender wage gap studies: Consistency and decomposition . Empirical Economics , 35 ( 1 ) : 63 – 76 .
  • Krueckeberg, Donald. 1999. The grapes of rent: A history of renting in a country of owners. Housing Policy Debate 10, no. 1: 9–30
  • Ladd and Helen , F. 1998 . Evidence on discrimination in mortgage lending . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 12 ( 2 ) : 41 – 62 .
  • Lehe and Katherine , M. 2010 . Cracks in the foundation of Federal Law: Ameliorating the ongoing foreclosure crisis through broader predatory lending relief and deterrence . California Law Review , 98 : 2049 – 91 .
  • Lewis and Michael . 2010 . The big short , London : Allen Lane .
  • Lipton , Eric and Stephen Labaton . 2008 . A deregulator looks back, unswayed . New York Times , November 17 : A1
  • Mansfield and Cathy Lesser . 2000 . The road to subprime HEL was paved with good congressional intentions: Usury deregulation and the subprime home equity market . South Carolina Law Review , 51 : 473 – 559 .
  • Mayer , C. E. 2000 . Agencies target unscrupulous lenders . Washington Post , 31 March : E2
  • McCoy , Patricia , A. and Elizabeth Renuart . 2008 . The legal infrastructure of subprime and nontraditional home loans , Cambridge, MA : Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies .
  • McDonald and Lawrence , G. 2009 . A colossal failure of common sense , New York : Crown Business .
  • McGhee , Heather , C. and Tamara Draut . 2005 . Retiring in the red: The growth of debt among older Americans , New York : Demos .
  • Menard and Scott . 2002 . Applied logistic regression analysis , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Munnell , Alicia , H. , James McEneaney , Browne , Lynne E. and Tootell , Geoffrey M.B. Mortgage lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA data . Working Paper . pp. 92 – 7 . Boston : Federal Reserve Bank of Boston .
  • Munnell , Alicia , H. , Tootell , Geoffrey M.B. , Browne , Lynne E. and James McEneaney . 1996 . Mortgage lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA data . American Economic Review , 86 : 25 – 53 .
  • Nagelkerke , N. J.D. 1991 . A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination . Biometrika , 78 ( 3 ) : 691 – 2 .
  • National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) . 2009 . Health, United States, 2008 , Hyattsville, MD : Center for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics .
  • National Community Reinvestment Coalition . 2003 . The broken credit system: Discrimination and unequal access to affordable loans by race and age , Washington, DC : NCRC .
  • National Council of Negro Women . 2009 . Income is no shield: Assessing the double burden , Washington, DC : NCNW .
  • Newman and Kathe . 2009 . Post-industrial widgets: Capital flows and the production of the urban . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 314 – 31 .
  • Nguyen , Tomson , H. and Pontell , Henry M. 2011 . “ Fraud and inequality in the subprime mortgage crisis ” . In Economic crisis and crime , Edited by: Mathiew Deflem . 3 – 24 . Bingley, UK : Emerald Group Publishing .
  • O'Connor and Sarah . 2008 . Iceland calls in women bankers to clean up ‘young men's mess.’ . Financial Times , October 14 : 14
  • Omi , Michael and Howard Winant . 1994 . Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s , New York : Routledge .
  • Parks and Virginia . 2010 . Gendering job competition: Immigration and African American employment in Chicago, 1990-2000 . Urban Geography , 31 ( 1 ) : 59 – 89 .
  • Polanyi and Karl . [1944] 2001 . The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time , Boston : Beacon Press .
  • Pratt and Geraldine . 2009 . “ Feminism ” . In The dictionary of human geography , Edited by: Derek Gregory , Ron Johnston , Geraldine Pratt , Watts , Michael J. and Sarah Whatmore . 243 – 44 . Chichester, UK : Blackwell .
  • Rath and Molly . 2000 . Swimming with sharks . Baltimore City Paper , March 29
  • Renuart and Elizabeth . 2004 . An overview of the predatory mortgage lending process . Housing Policy Debate , 15 ( 3 ) : 467 – 502 .
  • Renuart , Elizabeth , McCoy , Patricia A. and Stephen Ross . 2009 . National mortgage data repository , Boston, MA : National Consumer Law Center .
  • Ross , Stephen , L. and John Yinger . 2002 . The color of credit: Mortgage discrimination, research methodology, and fair lending enforcement , Cambridge : MIT Press .
  • Sanders , Cynthia , K. and Porterfield , Shirley L. 2010 . The ownership society and women: Exploring female householders' ability to accumulate assets . Journal of Family and Economic Issues , 31 ( 1 ) : 90 – 106 .
  • Santiago and R. 2000 . Lenders hustled wrong widow: She keeps house, wins state oversight of predatory firm . New York Daily News , 19 March : 1
  • Sarto and John . 2010 . The disproportionate representation of women in subprime lending: cause, effect, and remedies . New Jersey Women's Rights Law Reporter , 31 : 337
  • Schill , Michael , H. and Susan Wachter . 1993 . A tale of two cities: Racial and ethnic geographic disparities in home mortgage lending in Boston and Philadelphia . Journal of Housing Research , 4 ( 2 ) : 245 – 75 .
  • Sharma and Subhash . 1996 . Applied multivariate techniques , New York : Wiley .
  • Skidelsky Robert Christrian Westerlind Wigström 2010 The economic crisis and the state of economics New York Palgrave MacMillan
  • Sovern and Jeff . 2010 . Preventing future economic crises through consumer protection law, or how the Truth in Lending Act failed the subprime borrowers . Ohio State University Law Journal , 71 ( 4 ) : 761 – 844 .
  • Squires Gregory D. 2003 Organizing access to capital Philadelphia Temple University Press
  • Squires Gregory D. 2004 Why the poor pay more Westport, CT Praeger
  • Smith , Geoff , Sarah Duda and Kathryn Biggins . 2009 . Improving economic security later in life: Meeting the credit and financial services needs of older persons , Chicago : Woodstock Institute .
  • Smith , Susan , J. , Moira Munro and Hazel Christie . 2006 . Performing (housing) markets . Urban Studies , 43 ( 1 ) : 81 – 98 .
  • Stark , Debra Pogrund and Choplin , Jessica M. 2010 . A cognitive and social psychological analysis of disclosure laws and call for mortgage counseling to prevent predatory lending . Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 16 ( 1 ) : 85 – 131 .
  • Stiglitz , Joseph , E. and Andrew Weiss . 1981 . Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information . American Economic Review , 71 ( 3 ) : 393 – 410 .
  • Syed and Matthew . 2008 . What caused the crisis? Men and testosterone . The Times , September 30
  • Tett and Gilian . 2009 . Fool's gold , New York : Free Press .
  • Trexler and Phil . 2008 . Foreclosure victim, 90, apparently shoots self . Akron Beacon-Journal , 2 October
  • Trexler , Phil , Betty Lin-Fisher and Stephanie Warsmith . 2008 . Elderly Ohio foreclosure victim's self-inflicted shots heard in Washington . Akron Beacon-Journal , 3 October
  • Turner Margery Austin Felicity Skidmore 1999 Mortgage lending discrimination: A review of existing evidence Washington, DC Urban Institute
  • Wachter and Susan , M. 1980 . “ The 1968 Congressional FHA Amendments to the National Housing Act: Their impacts on urban areas ” . In The urban impacts of federal policies , Edited by: Glickman , Norman J. 426 – 48 . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Walters , Neal and Sharon Hermanson . 2002 . Older subprime refinance mortgage borrowers , Washington, DC : AARP Public Policy Institute .
  • West and Cornel . 1999 . The Cornel West reader , New York : Basic Civitas Books .
  • White and Alan . 2004 . Risk-based mortgage pricing: present and future research . Housing Policy Debate , 15 ( 3 ) : 503 – 31 .
  • Williams , Richard , Reynold Nesiba and Eileen Diaz McConnell . 2005 . The changing face of inequality in mortgage lending . Social Problems , 52 ( 2 ) : 181 – 208 .
  • Woodward and Susan . 2008 . A study of closing costs for FHA mortgages. Report prepared by the Urban Institute , Washington, DC : Office of Policy Development and Research, US Department of Housing and Urban Development .
  • Wyly , Elvin , K. , Mona Atia , Elizabeth Lee and Pablo Mendez . 2007 . Race, gender, and statistical representation: Predatory mortgage lending and the U.S. community reinvestment movement . Environment and Planning A , 39 : 2139 – 66 .
  • Yinger and John . 1995 . Closed doors, opportunities lost: The continuing costs of housing discrimination , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Young and Brigitte . 2010 . “ The gendered dimension of money, finance, and the subprime crisis ” . In Gender and economics , Edited by: Christine Bauhart and Gülay Galğar . 258 – 78 . Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
  • Zinner and Josh . 2002 . Declaration of Josh Zinner, Esq., in support of the objections to approval of the settlement agreement, Teresa Lopez et al. v. Delta Funding Corporation et al. Index No. CV98 7204 (CPS). U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York , Brooklyn, NY : South Brooklyn Legal Services .
  • Zuckoff and Mitchell . 1992 . Shawmut is said to settle over loan scams . Boston Globe , February 22 Metro/Regional Section: 1

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.