References
- Albert , R. 1953 . Comments on the scientific function of the concept of cohesiveness . American Journal of Sociology , 59 : 231 – 234 .
- Apgar , W. and Calder , A. 2005 . “ The dual mortgage market: The persistence of discrimination in mortgage lending ” . In The geography of opportunity: Race and housing choice in metropolitan America , Edited by: de Souza Briggs , X. 101 – 126 . Washington, DC : Bookings Institution Press .
- Basolo , V. and Nguyen , M. T. 2009 . Immigrants' housing search and neighborhood conditions: A comparative analysis of housing choice voucher holders . Cityscape , 11 ( 3 ) : 99 – 126 .
- Bellair , P. E. 2006 . Informal surveillance and street crime: A complex relationship . Criminology , 38 ( 1 ) : 137 – 170 .
- Bennet , T. and Wright , R. 1984 . Burglars on burglary: Prevention and the offender Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID = 96050
- Bernasco , W. and Nieuwbeerta , P. 2005 . How do residential burglars select target areas . British Journal of Criminology , 44 : 296 – 315 .
- Bovard, J. (2011, August, Wednesday). Raising hell in subsidized housing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903520204576480542593887906.html
- Brantingham , P. L. and Brantingham , P. J. 1993 . Nodes, paths, and edges: Considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 13 : 3 – 28 .
- Browning , C. R. , Feinburg , S. L. and Dietz , R. D. 2004 . The paradox of social organization: Networks, collective efficacy, and violent crime in urban neighborhoods . Social Forces , 83 ( 2 ) : 503 – 534 .
- Buron, L., Finkel, M., & Pistilli, L. (2001). Study on Section 8 voucher success rates. Retrieved from http://www.huduser.org/portal/publications/pubasst/sec8success.html
- Bursik , R. J. and Grasmick , H. G. 1993 . Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control , New York, NY : Lexington Books .
- Churchill , S. , Holin , M. J. , Khadduri , J. and Turnham , J. 2001 . Strategies that enhance community relations in the tenant-based housing choice voucher programs (Final report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research .
- City of Dubuque. (2011). Dubuque 2010 study on crime and poverty summary report. Dubuque, IA: Author
- Cohen , L. E. and Felson , M. 1979 . Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activities approach . American Sociological Review , 44 : 588 – 608 .
- Conklin , J. E. 1975 . The impact of crime , New York. NY : Macmillan .
- Crow , W. and Bull , J. 1975 . Robbery deterrence: An applied behavioral science demonstration (Final report) , La Jolla, CA : Western Behavioral Science Institute .
- Dean , J. and Hastings , A. 2000 . Challenging images: Housing estates stigma and regeneration (Final report) , Bristol, UK : Policy Press & the Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
- Ellen , I. G. , Lens , M. C. and O'Regan , K. 2012 . Memphis murder mystery revisited: Do housing voucher households cause crime? . Housing Policy Debate , 22 ( 4 ) : 551 – 572 .
- Fagan , J. and Davies , G. 2004 . The natural history of neighborhood violence . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 20 ( 2 ) : 127 – 147 .
- Felson , M. and Poulsen , E. 2003 . Simple indicators of crime time of day . International Journal of Forecasting , 19 ( 4 ) : 595 – 601 .
- Freeman , L. and Botein , H. 2002 . Subsidized housing and neighborhood impacts: A theoretical discussion and review of the evidence . Journal of Planning Literature , 16 ( 3 ) : 359 – 378 .
- Garcia , R. M. , Taylor , R. B. and Lawton , B. A. 2007 . The impacts of violent crime and neighborhood structure on trusting your neighbors . Justice Quarterly , 24 ( 4 ) : 679 – 704 .
- Garofalo , J. 1981 . The fear of crime: Causes and consequences . The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , 72 ( 2 ) : 839 – 857 .
- Goering , J. , Haghighi , A. , Stebbins , H. and Siewert , M. 1995 . Promoting housing choice in HUD's rental assistance programs (Research report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research .
- Gordon , D. A. , Graves , K. and Arbuthnot , J. 1995 . The effect of functional family therapy for delinquents on adult criminal behavior . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 22 ( 1 ) : 60 – 73 .
- Greenbaum , R. T. and Tita , G. E. 2004 . The impact of violence surges on neighborhood business activity . Urban Studies , 41 ( 13 ) : 2495 – 2514 .
- Gross , N. and Martin , W. E. 1952 . On group cohesiveness . American Journal of Sociology , 57 : 546 – 554 .
- Guerra , N. G. , Kim , T. E. and Boxer , P. 2008 . “ What works: Best practices with juvenile offenders ” . In Treating the juvenile offender , Edited by: Hoge , R. D. , Guerra , N. G. and Boxer , P. New York, NY : Guilford Press .
- Harris , P. , Mennis , J. , Obradovic , Z. , Izenman , A. , Grunwald , H. , Lockwood , B. , … and Chisholm , L. 2009 . Investigating the simultaneous effects of individual, program and neighborhood attributes of juvenile recidivism using GIS and spatial data mining (Final report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice .
- He , X. and Hu , F. 2002 . Markov chain marginal bootstrap . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 97 ( 459 ) : 783 – 795 .
- Indianapolis Housing Agency. (2011, June 5). Media release 11-002. Retrieved from http://www.indyhousing.org/business/documents/OSI%20MEDIA%20RELEASE%2011%20002.pdf
- Johnson , S. D. , Bernasco , W. , Bowers , K. J. , Elffers , H. , Ratcliffe , J. , Rengert , G. and Townsley , M. 2007 . Space–time patterns of risk: A cross national assessment of residential burglary victimization . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 23 : 201 – 219 .
- Keels , M. , Duncan , G. J. , Deluca , S. , Mendenhall , R. and Rosenbaum , J. 2005 . Fifteen years later: Can residential mobility programs provide a long-tem escape from neighborhood segregation, crime, and poverty . Demography , 42 ( 1 ) : 51 – 73 .
- Klein , N. C. , Alexander , J. F. and Parsons , B. V. 1977 . Impact of family systems intervention on recidivism and sibling delinquency: A model of primary prevention and program evaluation . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 ( 3 ) : 469 – 474 .
- Koenker, R. (2011, December 2). Package quantreg: Quantile regression. CRAN: R-project. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/quantreg/quantreg.pdf
- Koenker , R. and Hallock , K. F. 2001 . Quantile regression . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 15 ( 4 ) : 143 – 156 .
- Kornhauser , R. 1978 . Social sources of delinquency , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Krivo , L. J. and Peterson , R. D. 1996 . Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime . Social Forces , 75 : 619 – 650 .
- Kubrin , C. E. and Weitzer , R. 2003 . New directions in social disorganization theory . Journal of Crime and Delinquency , 40 ( 4 ) : 374 – 402 .
- Liska , A. E. and Warner , B. 1991 . Functions of crime: A paradoxical process . American Journal of Sociology , 96 : 1441 – 1464 .
- Machado , J. A. F. and Santos Silva , J. M. C. 2005 . Quantiles for counts . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 100 ( 472 ) : 1226 – 1237 .
- Miranda, A. (2006). QCOUNT: Stata program to fit quantile regression models for count data (Statistical Software Components S456714, revised August 8, 2007). Boston College Department of Economics. Retrieved from http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s456714.html
- Morenoff , J. D. and Sampson , R. J. 1997 . Violent crime and the spatial dynamics of neighborhood transition: Chicago, 1970–1990 . Social Forces , 76 ( 1 ) : 31 – 64 .
- Orr , L. , Feins , J. D. , Jacob , R. , Beecroft , E. , Sanbonmatsu , L. , Katz , L. F. , … and Kling , J. R. 2003 . Moving to opportunity for fair housing demonstration program: Interim impacts evaluation (Research report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research .
- Patterson , R. , Wood , M. , Lam , K. , Patrabansh , S. , Mills , G. , Sullivan , S. , … and Zandniapour , L. 2004 . Evaluation of the welfare to work voucher program: Report to Congress (Research report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research .
- Pease , K. 1998 . Repeat victimisation: Taking stock (Crime Detection and Prevention Series Paper 90) , London, UK : The Home Office .
- Piquero , A. R. 2008 . “ Taking stock of developmental trajectories of criminal activity over the life course ” . In The long view of crime: A synthesis of longitudinal research , Edited by: Liberman , A. M. New York, NY : Springer-Verlag .
- Popkin , S. , Rich , M. , Hendey , L. , Hayes , C. , Parilla , J. and Galster , G. 2012 . Public housing transformation and crime: Making the case for responsible relocation . Cityscape , 14 ( 3 ) : 137 – 160 .
- Reiss , A. and Tonry , M. , eds. 1986 . Communities and crime , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Rengert , G. F. , Piquero , A. R. and Jones , P. R. 1999 . Distance decay reexamined . Criminology , 37 ( 2 ) : 427 – 445 .
- Rengert , G. F. and Waslichick , J. 1985 . Suburban burglary: A time and place for everything , Springfield, IL : Charles Thompson .
- Reppetto , T. A. 1974 . Residential crime , Cambridge, MA : Ballinger .
- Roncek , D. W. and Bell , R. 1981 . Bars, blocks, and crimes . Journal of Environmental Systems , 11 ( 1 ) : 35 – 47 .
- Rosenbaum , D. P. 1987 . The theory and research behind neighborhood watch: Is it a sound fear and crime reduction strategy? . Crime and Delinquency , 33 : 103 – 134 .
- Rosin, H. (2008, July/August). American murder mystery. Atlantic Magazine
- Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research . 1998 . Case studies of vouchered-out assisted properties (Research report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research .
- Sampson , R. and Groves , W. B. 1989 . Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory . American Journal of Sociology , 94 : 774 – 802 .
- Sampson , R. J. , Morenoff , J. D. and Gannon-Rowley , T. 2002 . Assessing neighborhood effects: Social processes and new directions in research . Annual Review of Sociology , 28 : 443 – 478 .
- Sanbonmatsu , L. , Ludwig , J. , Katz , L. F. , Gennetian , L. A. , Duncan , G. J. , Kessler , R. C. , … and Lindau , S. T. 2011 . Moving to opportunity for fair housing demonstration program (Final report) , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development .
- Schill , M. H. and Wachter , S. M. 1995 . Housing market constraints and spatial stratification by income and race . Housing Policy Debate , 6 ( 1 ) : 141 – 167 .
- Sexton , T. L. and Alexander , J. F. 2000 . Functional family therapy. Juvenile Justice Bulletin , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Program .
- Shaw , C. and McKay , H. D. 1942 . Juvenile delinquency in urban areas , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Sherman , L. W. , Gartin , P. and Buerger , M. E. 1989 . Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place . Criminology , 27 ( 1 ) : 27 – 55 .
- Shroder , M. 2002 . Locational constraint, housing counseling, and successful lease-up in a randomized housing voucher experiment . Journal of Urban Economics , 51 ( 2 ) : 315 – 338 .
- Skogan , W. 1986 . Fear of crime and neighborhood change , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Stallo , M. A. 2008, December . The relationship between Section 8 housing and deterioration in Dallas neighborhoods — A spatial analysis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, TX
- Stark , R. 1987 . Deviant places: A theory of the ecology of crime . Criminology , 25 ( 4 ) : 893 – 909 .
- St. Jean , P. K. B. 2007 . Pockets of crime: Broken windows, collective efficacy and the criminal point of view , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Tegeller , P. D. 2005 . “ The persistence of segregation in government housing programs ” . In The geography of opportunity: Race and housing choice in metropolitan America , Edited by: de Souza Briggs , X. 197 – 218 . Washington, DC : Bookings Institution Press .
- Tseloni , A. , Witterbrood , K. , Farrell , G. and Pease , K. 2004 . Burglary victimization in England and Whales, the United States and the Netherlands: A cross-national comparative test of routine activities and lifestyle theories . British Journal of Criminology , 44 : 66 – 91 .
- Turner , M. A. and Ross , S. L. 2005 . “ How racial discrimination affects the search for housing ” . In The geography of opportunity: Race and housing choice in metropolitan America , Edited by: de Souza Briggs , X. 81 – 100 . Washington, DC : Bookings Institution Press .
- Van Zandt , S. and Mhatre , P. 2009, January . The effect of housing choice voucher households on neighborhood crime: Longitudinal evidence from Dallas (Working paper) , College Station, TX : Sustainable Housing Research Unit, Texas A&M University .
- Varady , D. P. and Walker , C. C. 2000 . Vouchering out distressed subsidized developments: Does moving lead to improvements in housing and neighborhood conditions? . Housing Policy Debate , 11 ( 1 ) : 115 – 162 .
- Weisburd , D. L. , Bushway , S. , Lum , C. and Yang , S. M. 2004 . Trajectories of crime at places: A longitudinal study of street segments in the City of Seattle . Criminology , 42 ( 2 ) : 283 – 321 .
- Wilcox , P. , Madensen , T. D. and Tillyer , M. S. 2007 . Guardianship in context: Implications for burglary victimization risk and prevention . Criminology , 45 ( 4 ) : 771 – 803 .
- Williamson , J. B. 1974 . The stigma of public dependency: A comparison of alternative forms of public aid to the poor . Social Problems , 22 ( 2 ) : 213 – 228 .
- Wilson , J. Q. and Kelling , G. L. 1982 . Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety . Atlantic Monthly , 249 : 29 – 38 .
- Wilson , R. E. and Mast , B. D. 2013 . “ Housing choice vouchers and escaping neighborhood crime ” . In Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice , Edited by: Bruinsma , G. and Weisburd , D. New York, NY : Springer-Verlag .
- Yinger , J. 1999 . Sustaining the Fair Housing Act . Cityscape , 4 ( 3 ) : 93 – 106 .