References
- Abt Associates Inc., Mills, G., Gubits, D., Orr, L., Long, D., Feins, J., Kaul, B., Wood, M, Amy Jones & Associates, Cloudburst Consulting, The QED Group, & Goo. (2006). Effects of housing vouchers on welfare families. https://www.huduser.gov/portal//Publications/pdf/hsgvouchers_1_2011.pdf
- Anderson, M., McClain, C., Faverio, M., Gelles-Watnick, R. (2021). The state of gig work in 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/12/08/the-state-of-gig-work-in-2021/
- Brucker, D. L., & Scally, C. P. (2015). Linking public housing, employment, and disability benefits for working-age people with disabilities. Housing and Society, 42(2), 126–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/08882746.2015.1076130
- Carlson, D., Haveman, R., Kaplan, T., & Wolfe, B. (2012). Long-term earnings and employment effects of housing voucher receipt. Journal of Urban Economics, 71(1), 128–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2011.07.001
- Carnemolla, P., & Skinner, V. (2021). Outcomes associated with providing secure, stable, and permanent housing for people who have been homeless: An international scoping review. Journal of Planning Literature, 36(4), 508–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122211012911
- Corporation for Supportive Housing (2023). Special purpose voucher fact sheet. HUD Exchange. https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/6867/special-purpose-vouchers-fact-sheet/
- Desmond, M., & Gershenson, C. (2016). Housing and employment insecurity among the working poor. Social Problems, 63(1), 46–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spv025
- Ellen, I. G. (2020). What do we know about housing choice vouchers? Regional Science and Urban Economics, 80, 103380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.07.003
- Falk, G., McCarty, M., Aussenberg, R. A. (2016). Work requirements, time limits, and work incentives in TANF, SNAP, and housing assistance specialist in social policy specialist in housing policy (R43400). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43400
- Freedman, S., Verma, N., Tessler, B., Fink, B, & MDRC (2023). Nearing the finish line: 5-Year findings from the family self-sufficiency evaluation. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/Family-Self-Sufficiency-Evaluation-Year-5-Report.html
- Freeman, L. (2005). Does housing assistance lead to dependency? Evidence from HUD administrative data. Cityscape, 8(2), 115–133. https://www.huduser.gov/periodicals/cityscpe/vol8num2/ch6.pdf
- Glasmeier, A. K. (n.d). Living wage calculator. https://livingwage.mit.edu/counties/53033
- Gubits, D., Khadduri, J., Turnham, J. (2009). Housing patterns of low income families with children: Further analysis of data from the study of the effects of housing vouchers on welfare families. https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/research-areas/working-papers/housing-patterns-low-income-families-children-further-analysis-data
- Jacob, B. A., & Ludwig, J. (2012). The effects of housing assistance on labor supply: Evidence from a voucher lottery. American Economic Review, 102(1), 272–304. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.l.272
- Jaramillo, A., Rohe, W. M., & Webb, M. D. (2021). Predicting labor-force participation among work-able public housing residents. Housing Policy Debate, 31(2), 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2020.1808041
- Khadduri, J., Vandawalker, M., Cohen, R., & Lubell, J., (With Buron, L., Freiman, L., Kean, E.). (2014). Innovations in the moving to work demonstration. https://www.abtassociates.com/sites/default/files/migrated_files/b8bd4434-4303-408e-b696-874f821e66ea.pdf
- Kleit, R. G., & Rohe, W. M. (2005). Using public housing to achieve self-sufficiency: Can we predict success? Housing Studies, 20(1), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000308741
- Lee, H. B., & McNamara, P. E. (2018). Achieving economic self-sufficiency through housing assistance: An assessment of a self-sufficiency program of the housing authority of Champaign County, Illinois. Housing Policy Debate, 28(6), 876–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2018.1474123
- Leopold, J., Adeeyo, S., Anderson, T., McDaniel, M., & Hayes, C., (Pitingolo, R. (2019). Helping public housing residents find jobs and build careers: Evaluation findings from new York City’s jobs-plus expansion. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/100991/helping_public_housing_residents_find_jobs_and_careers.pdf
- Lubell, J. (2011). Rental assistance: A drag on work or a platform for economic opportunity? spotlight on poverty & opportunity. https://spotlightonpoverty.org/spotlight-exclusives/rental-assistance-a-drag-on-work-or-a-platform-for-economic-opportunity/
- Lubell, J. (2022). The impacts of a financial capability-based family self-sufficiency program. https://www.abtassociates.com/files/insights/reports/2022/abt-research-brief_fss-financial-impacts_02-11-2022.pdf
- Martinez, J. M. (2002). The employment experiences of public housing residents: Findings from the jobs-plus baseline survey. https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/full_540.pdf
- Mast, B. D., & Hardiman, D. (2017). Project-based vouchers. Cityscape, 19(2), 301–322.
- Matheson, A. I., Colombara, D. V., Pennucci, A., Chan, A., Shannon, T., Suter, M., & Laurent, A. A. (2023). Seeing the big picture with multi-sector data: Factors associated with exiting from federal housing assistance by exit type. Cityscape, 25(2), 289–309.
- Mazzara, A., Sard, B. (2018). Chart book: Employment and earnings for households receiving federal rental assistance. https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2-5-18hous-chartbook.pdf
- McInnis, D., Buron, L., Popkin, S. J. (2007). Are HOPE VI families at greater risk for homelessness? Urban Institute (Issue 7). https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/46311/311490-Are-HOPE-VI-Families-at-Greater-Risk-for-Homelessness-.PDF
- Miller, C., Castells, N., Verma, N., Vermette, J., Kanengiser, H. (2021). HUD jobs plus outcomes evaluation: Long term effects from the original jobs plus demonstration: Employment and earnings for public housing residents after 20 years. https://www.huduser.gov/portal//portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Jobs-Plus-Long-Term-Effects.pdf
- Moffitt, R. (1992). Incentive effects of the U.S. welfare system: A review. Journal of Economic Literature, 30(1), 1–61.
- Morris-Louis, M. (2023). Helping renters build assets and move out of poverty by scaling HUD’s best kept secret. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2023/01/09/helping-renters-build-assets-and-move-out-of-poverty-by-scaling-huds-best-kept-secret/
- Newman, S., Holupka, C. S., & Harkness, J. (2009). The long‐term effects of housing assistance on work and welfare. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 28(1), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20403
- Olsen, E. O., Tyler, C. A., King, J. W., & Carrillo, P. E. (2005). The effects of different types of housing assistance on earnings and employment. Cityscape, 8(2), 163–187. https://www.huduser.gov/periodicals/cityscpe/vol8num2/ch8.pdf
- R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (4.2.1).
- Ramakrishnan, K., Champion, E., Gallagher, M., Fudge, K. (2021). Why Housing Matters for Upward Mobility: Evidence and Indicators for Practitioners and Policymakers. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/103472/why-housing-matters-for-upward-mobility-evidence-and-indicators-for-practitioners-and-policymakers.pdf
- Riccio, J., Deitch, V., Verma, N, & MDRC (2017). Reducing work disincentives in the housing choice voucher program: Rent reform demonstration baseline report. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3190312
- Riccio, J., Verma, N., Azurdia, G., Yang, E. (2022). The rent reform demonstration: Impacts on work, housing, and well-being after 42 months. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/The-Rent-Reform-Demonstration-Impacts-on-Work.pdf
- Richter, F. G.-C., Coulton, C., Urban, A., & Steh, S. (2021). An integrated data system lens into evictions and their effects. Housing Policy Debate, 31(3-5), 762–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2021.1879201
- Rstudio (2022). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (2022.02.3 (Build 492)). http://www.rstudio.com
- Santiago, A. M., Galster, G. C., & Smith, R. J. (2017). Evaluating the impacts of an enhanced Family Self-Sufficiency Program. Housing Policy Debate, 27(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2017.1295093
- Shroder, M. (2002). Does housing assistance perversely affect self-sufficiency? A review essay. Journal of Housing Economics, 11(4), 381–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-1377(02)00128-6
- Shroder, M. (2010). Housing subsidies and work incentives. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1691112
- Smith, R. E., Popkin, S. J., George, T., & Comey, J. (2015). What Happens to Housing Assistance Leavers? Cityscape, 17(3), 161–192.
- Susin, S. (2005). Longitudinal outcomes of subsidized housing recipients in matched survey and administrative data. Cityscape, 8(2), 189–218.
- Tatian, P. A., & Snow, C. (2005). The effects of housing assistance on income, earnings, and employment. Cityscape, 8(2), 135–161.
- US Census Bureau (2017). 2016 American Community Survey 1-year. https://data.census.gov/
- US Census Bureau (2019). 2018 American Community Survey 1-year. https://data.census.gov/
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2021). Purposes of the demonstration. https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/ph/mtw/purposeofthedemonstration
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2022). 2022 Budget in brief. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2022_Budget_in_Brief_FINAL.pdf
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2023). About HUD/Mission. https://www.hud.gov/about/mission
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research (n.d). Assisted housing: National and local. HUD User. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/assthsg.html
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research. (2018). Housing assistance, Employment, and self-sufficiency. Evidence Matters, 1. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/em/summer-fall-18/highlight1.html
- US Department of Housing and Urban Development Policy Development & Research (n.d). Neighborhood stabilization program data. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/NSP.html
- US Department of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2022). Impact of increased income on housing voucher programs. https://soarworks.samhsa.gov/article/impact-of-increased-income-on-housing-voucher-programs
- Verma, N., Yang, E., Nuñez, S., Long, D. (2017). Learning from the work rewards demonstration: Final results from the family self-sufficiency study in New York City. https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/ONYC_Work_Rewards_Final_FR.pdf
- Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (2022). History of Washington State’s minimum wage. https://lni.wa.gov/workers-rights/wages/minimum-wage/history-of-washington-states-minimum-wage
- Washington State Employment Security Department. (n.d). Occupations exempted from unemployment insurance coverage. https://media.esd.wa.gov/esdwa/Default/ESDWAGOV/employer-Taxes/ESD-exempt-professions-chart.pdf
- Washington State Employment Security Department (2022). King county profile: County data tables. https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A//esdorchardstorage.blob.core.windows.net/esdwa/Default/ESDWAGOV/labor-market-info/Libraries/Regional-reports/County-Data-Tables/King%2520County%2520data%2520tables.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
- Washington State Office of Financial Management Forecasting & Research Division (2022). Intercensal estimates of April 1 population and housing, 2010-2020. https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A//ofm.wa.gov/sites/default/files/public/dataresearch/pop/april1/hseries/ofm_april1_intercensal_estimates_2010_2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
- Yelowitz, A. S. (2001). Public housing and labor supply. http://www.yelowitz.com/YelowitzPublicHousingAndLaborSupply.pdf