5
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

SOMAN-INDUCED CARDIAC TOXICITY: SINGLE-CELL COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF ACETYLCHOLINE OVERLOAD

&
Pages 139-146 | Published online: 30 Sep 2008

  • Baskin, S. I., and Wh it m er, M. P. 1991. The cardiac toxicology of organophosphorus agents. In Cardiac Toxicology, ed. S. I. Baskin, B oca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Britt, J. O. Jr., Martin, J. L., Okerberg, C. V., and Dick, E. J. Jr. 2000. Histopathologic changes in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques, ten days after exposure to soman. Camp.Med. 50:133-139.
  • Carmeliet, E., and Mubagwa, K. 1986. Changes by acetylcholine of membrane currents in rabbit cardiac purkinje fibres. J. Physiol. 371:201-217.
  • Dexter, F., Rudy, Y., and Saidel, G. M. 1994. Mathematical model of acetylcholine kinetics in neu-roeffector junction. Am. J. Physiol. 266:H298-H309.
  • Dokos, S., Lovell, N. H., and Celler, B. G. 1998. Review of ionic models of vagal-cardiac pacemaker control. J. Theor. Biol. 192:265-274.
  • Ferziger, J. H. 1981. Numerical Methods for Engineering Application. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Golomb, B. A. 1999. A Review of Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War Illneses. RAND Corporation, http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/pb-paper/index.html.
  • Green, A. L. 1958. The kinetic basis of organophosphate poisoning and its treatment. Biochem.Pharmacol. 1:115-128.
  • Hartzell, H.C. 1988. Regulation of cardiac ion channels by catecholamines, acetylcholine and second messenger systems. Prog. Biophys. MoI. Biol. 52:65-247.
  • Hassler, C. R., Moutvic, R. R., Stacey, D. B., and Hagerty, M. P. 1988. Studies of the Action of Chemical Agents on the Heart. Fort Detrick, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research Defense Command, AD-A209219.
  • Oxford Ltd. 1997. Oxsoft Heart Program Manual, ver. 4.8. Oxford, UK: Oxford.
  • Roth, A., Zellinger, I., Arad, M., and Atsmon, J. 1993. Organophosphates and the heart. Chest 103:576-582.
  • Sears, C. E., Noble, P., Noble, D., and Paterson, D. J. 1999. Vagal control of heart rate is modulated by extracellular potassium. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 77:164-171.
  • Sidell, F. R., Takafuji, E. T, and Franz, D. R. 1997. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
  • Sims, J. J., Miller, A. W., and Ujhelyi, M. R. 2000. Regional hyperkalemia increases ventricular defibrillation energy requirements: role of electrical heterogeneity in defibrillation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 11:634-641.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.