Homelessness and discrimination among US adults: the role of intersectionality

References

• Abramson, C. M., Hashemi, M., & Sánchez-Jankowski, M. (2015). Perceived discrimination in US healthcare: Charting the effects of key social characteristics within and across racial groups. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 615–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.07.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amster, R. (2003). Patterns of exclusion: Sanitizing space, criminalizing homelessness. Social Justice, 30(1), 195.
   Google Scholar
• Baskin, C. (2007). Aboriginal youth talk about structural determinants as the causes of their homelessness. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 14(1), 94–108.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, G. R., & Scheim, A. I. (2019). Methods for analytic intercategorical intersectionality in quantitative research: Discrimination as a mediator of health inequalities. Social Science & Medicine, 226, 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baugher, A. R., Beer, L., Fagan, J. L., Mattson, C. L., Shouse, R. L., & Project, M. M. (2019). Discrimination in healthcare settings among adults with recent HIV diagnoses. AIDS Care, 31(9), 1077–1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1545988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, K. W., Jacqueline, & P. Lynn. (2018). LAHSA report and recommendations of the ad hoc committee on Black people experiencing homelessness, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. (2008). When Black+ lesbian+ woman≠ Black lesbian woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles, 59(5-6), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd, D. R. (2012). Race/ethnicity and self-reported levels of discrimination and psychological distress, California, 2005. Preventing Chronic Disease, 9. http://doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.120042
   Google Scholar
• Carter III, G. R. (2011). From exclusion to destitution: Race, affordable housing, and homelessness. Cityscape, 13(1), 33–70. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1808950
   Google Scholar
• Caton, C. L., Dominguez, B., Schanzer, B., Hasin, D. S., Shrout, P. E., Felix, A., McQuistion, H., Opler, L. A., & Hsu, E. (2005). Risk factors for long-term homelessness: Findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults. American Journal of Public Health, 95(10), 1753–1759. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.063321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. M., Yi, H., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2010). Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in the United States, a 3-year follow-up: Main findings from the 2004–2005 Wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. US Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual, 8(2), 4–7.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (2012). Social inequality, power, and politics: Intersectionality and American pragmatism in dialogue. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 26(2), 442–457. https://doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.26.2.0442
   Google Scholar
• Compton, W. M., Thomas, Y. F., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(5), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s well-being: A theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50(10), 1385–1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00390-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. u. Chi. Legal f.: 139.
   Google Scholar
• Darity Jr, W. A. (2003). Employment discrimination, segregation, and health. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 226–231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.2.226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeForge, B. R., Belcher, J. R., O'Rourke, M., & Lindsey, M. A. (2008). Personal resources and homelessness in early life: Predictors of depression in consumers of homeless MultiService centers. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13(2-3), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020701769105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, T., Ali, S., Fang, X., Thompson, W., Jawa, P., & Vachharajani, T. (2016). Equal work for unequal pay: The gender reimbursement gap for healthcare providers in the United States. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 92(1092), 571–575. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty, J., Busch-Geertsema, V., Karpuskiene, V., Korhonen, J., O'Sullivan, E., Sahlin, I., Petrillo, A., & Wygnanska, J. (2008). Homelessness and exclusion: Regulating public space in European cities. Surveillance & Society, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v5i3.3425
   Google Scholar
• Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics, 111(3), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.3.564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English, D., Rendina, H. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2018). The effects of intersecting stigma: A longitudinal examination of minority stress, mental health, and substance use among Black, Latino, and multiracial gay and bisexual men. Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, E. A., Grella, C. E., Washington, D. L., & Upchurch, D. M. (2017). Gender and race/ethnic differences in the persistence of alcohol, drug, and poly-substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 174, 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (2019). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(6), 774–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch, B. K., Kolody, B., & Vega, W. A. (2000). Perceived discrimination and depression among Mexican-origin adults in California. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattis, M. N., & Larson, A. (2016). Perceived racial, sexual identity, and homeless status-related discrimination among Black adolescents and young adults experiencing homelessness: Relations with depressive symptoms and suicidality. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil, A. G., Wagner, E. F., & Vega, W. A. (2000). Acculturation, familism, and alcohol use among Latino adolescent males: Longitudinal relations. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4<443::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-A
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B., Chu, A., Sigman, R., Amsbary, M., Kali, J., Sugawara, Y., Jiao, R., Ren, W., & Goldstein, R. (2015). National institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions-III (NESARC-III) source and accuracy statement. NIAAA.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Saha, T. D., Smith, S. M., Pulay, A. J., & Pickering, R. P. (2009). Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(11), 1051–1066. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., Moore, T., Shepard, J., & Kaplan, K. (2003). Source and accuracy statement: Wave 1 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 52.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Hasin, D. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., & Anderson, K. (2004). Immigration and lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatricdisorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and relatedconditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(12), 1226–1233. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwadz, M. V., Gostnell, K., Smolenski, C., Willis, B., Nish, D., Nolan, T. C., Tharaken, M., & Ritchie, A. S. (2009). The initiation of homeless youth into the street economy. Journal of Adolescence, 32(2), 357–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(7), 830–842. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, M., Watt, R., Rosenthal, L., & Shivji, A. (2017). Part 1 Point-in-time estimates of homelessness: The 2017 annual homeless assessment report (AHAR) to Congress. US Department of Housing and Urban Development.
   Google Scholar
• Iadicola, P., & Shupe, A. D. (2013). Violence, inequality, and human freedom. Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, K., Kemeny, J., & Manzi, T. (1999). The struggle to define homelessness: A constructivist approach. In SusanHutson & David Clapham (Eds.), Homelessness: Public Policies and Private Troubles (pp. 11–28). Cassell.
   Google Scholar
• Jencks, C. (1995). The homeless. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone, M., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., Parsell, C., & Walter, Z. C. (2015). Discrimination and well-being amongst the homeless: The role of multiple group membership. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M. M. (2016). Does race matter in addressing homelessness? A review of the literature. World Medical & Health Policy, 8(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, K. M., Martins, S., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Blanco, C., Bates, L., & Hasin, D. S. (2012). Mental health service utilization for psychiatric disorders among Latinos living in the United States: The role of ethnic subgroup, ethnic identity, and language/social preferences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(3), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0323-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N., & Sidney, S. (1996). Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The CARDIA study of young black and white adults. American Journal of Public Health, 86(10), 1370–1378. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.10.1370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E. M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1576–1596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundy, C. (2011). Social work, social justice & human rights: A structural approach to practice. University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 1869–1876. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Keyes, K. M. (2010). Responses to discrimination and psychiatric disorders among Black, Hispanic, female, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1477–1484. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.181586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., Schwartz, S., & Frost, D. M. (2008). Social patterning of stress and coping: Does disadvantaged social statuses confer more stress and fewer coping resources? Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milburn, N. G., Ayala, G., Rice, E., Batterham, P., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2006). Discrimination and exiting homelessness among homeless adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(4), 658–672. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.4.658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milburn, N. G., Batterham, P., Ayala, G., Rice, E., Solorio, R., Desmond, K., Lord, L., Iribarren, J., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2010). Discrimination and mental health problems among homeless minority young people. Public Health Reports, 125(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491012500109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar, H. (2009). Rehousing Vancouver’s street-involved youth, Canadian Policy Research Networks Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D. (1997). The annihilation of space by law: The roots and implications of anti-homeless laws in the United States. Antipode, 29(3), 303–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, D. S. (2009). Homelessness as an independent risk factor for mortality: Results from a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 38(3), 877–883. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyp160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullaly, R. P. (2007). The new structural social work. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mullaly, R. P. (2017). Challenging oppression and confronting privilege: A critical approach to anti-oppressive and anti-privilege theory and practice.
   Google Scholar
• North, C. S., & Smith, E. M. (1993). A comparison of homeless men and women: Different populations, different needs. Community Mental Health Journal, 29(5), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00754410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otiniano, A. D., & Gee, G. C. (2012). Self-reported discrimination and health-related quality of life among Whites, Blacks, Mexicans and Central Americans. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9473-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otiniano Verissimo, A. D., Dyer, T. P., Friedman, S. R., & Gee, G. C. (2020). Discrimination and sexual risk among Caribbean Latinx young adults. Ethnicity & Health, 25(5), 639–652. http://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2018.1444148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otiniano Verissimo, A. D., Gee, G. C., Ford, C. L., & Iguchi, M. Y. (2014a). Racial discrimination, gender discrimination, and substance abuse among Latina/os nationwide. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otiniano Verissimo, A. D., Gee, G. C., Iguchi, M. Y., Ford, C. L., & Friedman, S. R. (2013). Discrimination, drugs, and alcohol among Latina/os in Brooklyn, New York: Differences by gender. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(4), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otiniano Verissimo, A. D., Grella, C. E., Amaro, H., & Gee, G. C. (2014b). Discrimination and substance use disorders among Latinos: The role of gender, nativity, and ethnicity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(8), 1421–1428. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez, D. J., Fortuna, L., & Alegria, M. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among US Latinos. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(4), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisen, C. A., Brooks, K. D., Zea, M. C., Poppen, P. J., & Bianchi, F. T. (2013). Can additive measures add to an intersectional understanding? Experiences of gay and ethnic discrimination among HIV-positive Latino gay men. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, L., Tamene, M., & Orta, O. R. (2018). The intersectionality of racial and gender discrimination among teens exposed to dating violence. Ethnicity & Disease, 28(Suppl 1), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.S1.253
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnittker, J., Massoglia, M., & Uggen, C. (2011). Incarceration and the health of the African American community. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 8(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X11000026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, A. J., & Mullings, L. (2006). Gender, race, class, and health: Intersectional approaches. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Shavers, V. L., & Shavers, B. S. (2006). Racism and health inequity among Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98(3), 386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffman, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Coping and substance use. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Skosireva, A., O’Campo, P., Zerger, S., Chambers, C., Gapka, S., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2014). Different faces of discrimination: Perceived discrimination among homeless adults with mental illness in healthcare settings. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-376
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, S. M., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R., Huang, B., & Grant, B. F. (2006). Race/ethnic differences in the prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychological Medicine, 36(7), 987–998. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706007690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, S. M., Hartinger-Saunders, R., Brezina, T., Beck, E., Wright, E. R., Forge, N., & Bride, B. E. (2016). Homeless youth, strain, and justice system involvement: An application of general strain theory. Children and Youth Services Review, 62, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepanikova, I., & Oates, G. R. (2017). Perceived discrimination and privilege in health care: The role of socioeconomic status and race. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(1, Supplement 1), S86–S94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2–30. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, S. (2013). Structural violence, oppression, and the place-based marginality of homelessness. Canadian Social Work Review/Revue canadienne de service social, 30(2) 255–273.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson Jr, R. G., Wall, M. M., Greenstein, E., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2013). Substance-use disorders and poverty as prospective predictors of first-time homelessness in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S2), S282–S288. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viruell-Fuentes, E. A., Miranda, P. Y., & Abdulrahim, S. (2012). More than culture: Structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. Social Science & Medicine, 75(12), 2099–2106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, E. F., Myers, M. G., & McIninch, J. L. (1999). Stress-coping and temptation-coping as predictors of adolescent substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 24(6), 769–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00058-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolitski, R. J., Kidder, D. P., & Fenton, K. A. (2007). HIV, homelessness, and public health: Critical issues and a call for increased action. AIDS and Behavior, 11(2), 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9277-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wrighting, Q., Reitzel, L. R., Chen, T.-A., Kendzor, D. E., Hernandez, D. C., Obasi, E. M., Shree, S., & Businelle, M. S. (2019). Characterizing discrimination experiences by race among homeless adults. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(3), 531–542. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.3.8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar