“I Felt Like I Was Being Abused All Over Again”: How Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse Make Sense of the Perinatal Period Through Their Narratives

References

• Ahern, K. J. (1999). Ten tips for reflexive bracketing. Qualitative Health Research, 9(3), 407–411. doi:10.1177/104973239900900309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, C. T. (2009). An adult survivor of child sexual abuse and her Breastfeeding experience. MCN, the American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 34(2), 91–97. doi:10.1097/01.nmc.0000347302.85455.c8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedict, M. I., Paine, L. L., Brandt, D., & Stallings, R. (1999). The association of childhood sexual abuse with depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and selected pregnancy outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(7), 659–670. doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00040-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere, J., & Elliott, D. M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(10), 1205–1222. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buist, A., & Barnett, B. (1995). Childhood sexual abuse: A risk factor for postpartum depression? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 29(4), 604–608. doi:10.3109/00048679509064974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cawson, P., Wattam, C., Brooker, S., & Kelly, G. (2000). Child maltreatment in the United Kingdom: A study of the prevalence of abuse and neglect. (NSPCC Research Findings). Retrieved from https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/research-reports/child-maltreatment-uk-executive-summary.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Coles, J. (2009). Qualitative study of breastfeeding after childhood sexual assault. Journal of Human Lactation, 25(3), 317–324. doi:10.1177/0890334409334926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles, J., & Jones, K. (2009). “Universal precautions”: Perinatal touch and examination after childhood sexual abuse. Birth, 36(3), 230–236. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2009.00327.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtois, C. A., Ford, J. D., & Briere, J. (2012). Treatment of complex trauma: A sequenced, relationship-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, B., & Harre, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1), 43–63. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1990.tb00174.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, E., & Finkelhor, D. (2005). Childhood sexual abuse fact sheet, crimes against. Crimes Against Children Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/factsheet/pdf/CSA-FS20.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Farber, E. W., Herbert, S. E., & Reviere, S. L. (1996). Childhood abuse and suicidality in obstetrics patients in a hospital-based urban prenatal clinic. General Hospital Psychiatry, 18(1), 56–60. doi:10.1016/0163-8343(95)00098-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245. doi:10.1177/1077800405284363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvorsen, L., Nerum, H., Øian, P., & Sørlie, T. (2013). Giving birth with rape in one’s past: A qualitative study. Birth, 40(3), 182–191. doi:10.1111/birt.12054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heritage, C. (1998). Working with childhood sexual abuse survivors during pregnancy, labor, and birth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 27(6), 671–677. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02637.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacobs, J. L. (1992). Child sexual abuse victimization and later sequelae during pregnancy and childbirth. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1(1), 103–112. doi:10.1300/j070v01n01_07
   Google Scholar
• Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2007). Violence against women and the perinatal period: The impact of lifetime violence and abuse on pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 8(3), 344–353. doi:10.1177/1524838007304406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H. (2015). Understanding narrative inquiry: The crafting and analysis of stories as research. Philadelphia, PA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city: Cities in the black English vernacular. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. (1997). Women re-authoring their lives through feminist narrative therapy. Women & Therapy, 20(3), 1–22. doi:10.1300/j015v20n03_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeners, B., Görres, G., Block, E., & Hengartner, M. P. (2016). Birth experiences in adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 83, 27–32. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeners, B., Neumaier-Wagner, P., Quarg, A. F., & Rath, W. (2006a). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences: An underestimated factor in perinatal care. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85(8), 971–976. doi:10.1080/00016340600626917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeners, B., Richter-Appelt, H., Imthurn, B., & Rath, W. (2006b). Influence of childhood sexual abuse on pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period in adult women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 139–151. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeners, B., Stiller, R., Block, E., Görres, G., & Rath, W. (2010). Pregnancy complications in women with childhood sexual abuse experiences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(5), 503–510. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lev-Wiesel, R., Daphna-Tekoah, S., & Hallak, M. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of birth-related posttraumatic stress and postpartum posttraumatic stress. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(12), 877–887. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukasse, M., Henriksen, L., Vangen, S., & Schei, B. (2012). Sexual violence and pregnancy-related physical symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(1), 83. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukasse, M., Schei, B., Vangen, S., & Øian, P. (2009). Childhood abuse and common complaints in pregnancy. Birth, 36(3), 190–199. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2009.00323.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack, C. (2000). From interview transcript to interpretive story: Part 2—Developing an interpretive story. Field Methods, 12(4), 298–315. doi:10.1177/1525822x0001200403
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery, E. (2013). Feeling safe: A metasynthesis of the maternity care needs of women who were sexually abused in childhood. Birth, 40(2), 88–95. doi:10.1111/birt.12043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery, E., Pope, C., & Rogers, J. (2015a). A feminist narrative study of the maternity care experiences of women who were sexually abused in childhood. Midwifery, 31(1), 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery, E., Pope, C., & Rogers, J. (2015b). The re-enactment of childhood sexual abuse in maternity care: A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0626-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NSPCC. (2009). Child protection fact sheet: The definitions and signs of child abuse. London, UK: NSPCC Inform. Retrieved from http://www.ncl.ac.uk/studentambassadors/assets/documents/NSPCCDefinitionsandsignsofchildabuse.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nyberg, K., Lindberg, I., & Öhrling, K. (2010). Midwives’ experience of encountering women with posttraumatic stress symptoms after childbirth. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 1(2), 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2010.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, B. (2004). The childbearing experience of women who are childhood sexual abuse survivors ( unpublished doctoral thesis). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parratt, J. (1994). The experience of childbirth for survivors of incest. Midwifery, 10(1), 26–39. doi:10.1016/0266-6138(94)90006-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoenix, E. (1996). No shame in survival. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 11(3), 28–30. Retrieved from http://icea.org/about/icea-journal/
   Google Scholar
• Pitre, N. Y., Kushner, K. E., Raine, K. D., & Hegadoren, K. M. (2013). Critical feminist narrative inquiry. Advances in Nursing Science, 36(2), 118–132. doi:10.1097/ans.0b013e3182902064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, J., & Bentall, R. P. (2012). Negative childhood experiences and mental health: Theoretical, clinical and primary prevention implications. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(2), 89–91. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. London, UK: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Roller, C. G. (2011). Moving beyond the pain: Women’s responses to the Perinatal period after childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 56(5), 488–493. doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2011.00051.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, A. (1992). Effects of childhood sexual abuse on childbirth: One woman’s story. Birth, 19(4), 214–218. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1992.tb00405.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseth, I., Bongaardt, R., & Binder, P. E. (2011). A case study of a mother’s intertwining experiences with incest and postpartum depression. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 6(3), 1–9. doi:10.3402/qhw.v6i3.7244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouf, K. (1999). Child sexual abuse and pregnancy: A personal account. The Practising Midwife, 2(6), 29–31. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mesl/tpm
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roussillon, J. A. (1998). Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: Suggestions for perinatal caregivers. Clinical Excellence for Nurse Practitioners, 2(6), 329–337. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/journal/1085-360_Clinical_Excellence_for_Nurse_Practitioners
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schachter, C. L., Radomsky, N. E., Stalker, C. A., & Teram, E. (2004). Women survivors of child sexual abuse: How can health professionals promote healing? Canadian Family Physician, 50, 405–412. Retrieved from http://www.cfp.ca/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng, J., & Hassinger, J. (1998). Relationship strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration improving maternity care with survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, 43(4), 287–295. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00018-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seng, J. S., Low, L. K., Sparbel, K. J. H., & Killion, C. (2004). Abuse-related post-traumatic stress during the childbearing year. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(6), 604–613. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03051.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senior, R., Barnes, J., & Emberson, J. R. (2005). Early experiences and their relationship to maternal eating disorder symptoms, both lifetime and during pregnancy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(3), 268–273. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.3.268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurdardottir, S., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2013). Repressed and silent suffering: Consequences of childhood sexual abuse for women’s health and well-being. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27(2), 422–432. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01049.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkin, P. (1991). Just another day in a woman’s life? Women’s long-term perceptions of their First birth experience. Part I. Birth, 18(4), 203–210. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1991.tb00103.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkin, P. (1992). Just another day in a woman’s life? Part II: Nature and consistency of women’s long-term memories of their first birth experiences. Birth, 19(2), 64–81. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1992.tb00382.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. (1998). Childbirth in women with a history of sexual abuse (II). The Practicing Midwife, 1(6), 23–27. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mesl/tpm
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorne, H., & Varcoe, S. T. C. (1998). The tyranny of feminist methodology in women’s health research. Health Care for Women International, 19(6), 481–493. doi:10.1080/073993398246052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tidy, H. (1996). Care for survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Modern Midwife, 6(7), 17–19. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0963-276X_Modern_midwife
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research interviewing: Biographic narrative and Semi-structured methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, K., & Van Esterik, P. (2010). Infant feeding experiences of women who were sexually abused in childhood. Canadian Family Physician, 56(4), 136–141. Retrieved from http://www.cfp.ca/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wosu, A. C., Gelaye, B., & Williams, M. A. (2015). History of childhood sexual abuse and risk of prenatal and postpartum depression or depressive symptoms: An epidemiologic review. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 18(5), 659–671. doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0533-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar