References
- *Aebi, M., Landolt, M. A., Mueller-Pfeiffer, C., Schnyder, U., Maier, T., & Mohler-Kuo, M. (2015). Testing the ‘sexually abused-abuser hypothesis‘ in adolescents: A population-based study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(8), 2189–2199. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0440-x
- Armsden, G., & Greenberg, M. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 16(5), 427–454. doi:10.1007/BF02202939
- Bernstein, D., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
- Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1989). The trauma symptom checklist (TSC-33): Early data on a new scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4, 151–163. doi:10.1177/088626089004002002
- *Brown, A., & Burton, D. L. (2010). Exploring the overlap in male juvenile sexual offending and general delinquency: Trauma, alcohol use, and masculine beliefs. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 19(4), 450–468. doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.495044
- Burton, D. (2003). Male adolescents: Sexual victimization and subsequent sexual abuse. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(4), 277–296. doi:10.1023/A:1024556909087
- Burton, D., Miller, D., & Shill, C. T. (2002). A social learning theory comparison of the sexual victimization of adolescent sexual offenders and nonsexual offending male delinquents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 893–907.
- *Burton, D. L., Duty, K. J., & Leibowitz, G. S. (2011). Differences between sexually victimized and nonsexually victimized male adolescent sexual abusers: Developmental antecedents and behavioral comparisons. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 20(1), 77–93. doi:10.1080/10538712.2011.541010
- Caldwell, M. F. (2010). Study characteristics and recidivism base rates in juvenile sex offender recidivism. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(2), 197–212. doi:10.1177/0306624X08330016
- Caldwell, M. F., & Dickinson, C. (2009). Sex offender registration and recidivism risk in juvenile sexual offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 27(6), 941–956. doi:10.1002/bsl.907
- Chaffin, M. (2008). Our minds are made up—Don‘t confuse us with the facts: Commentary on policies concerning children with sexual behavior problems and juvenile sex offenders. Child Maltreatment, 13(2), 110–121. doi:10.1177/1077559508314510
- *DeLisi, M., Kosloski, A. E., Vaughn, M. G., Caudill, J. W., & Trulson, C. R. (2014). Does childhood sexual abuse victimization translate into juvenile sexual offending? New evidence. Violence and Victims, 29(4), 620–635. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00003
- Elliot, D. M., & Briere, J. (1992). Sexual abuse trauma among professional women: Validating the trauma symptom checklist-40 (TSC-40). Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 391–398. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90048-V
- Elliot, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
- Elliott, D. S., & Ageton, S. S. (1980). Reconciling race and class differences in self-reported and official estimates of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 45(1), 95–110. doi: 10.2307/2095245
- *Fanniff, A. M., & Kimonis, E. R. (2014). Juveniles who have committed sexual offenses: A special group? Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 32(2), 240–257. doi:10.1002/bsl.2111
- *Felizzi, M. V. (2015). Family or caregiver instability, parental attachment, and the relationship to juvenile sex offending. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 24(6), 641–658. doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1057668
- Frick, P. J. (2004). The inventory of callous–unemotional traits (Unpublished rating scale).
- *Hackett, S., Phillips, J., Masson, H., & Balfe, M. (2013). Individual, family and abuse characteristics of 700 British child and adolescent sexual abusers. Child Abuse Review, 22(4), 232–245. doi:10.1002/car.2246
- Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2004). The juvenile victimization questionnaire (JVQ): Administration and scoring manual. Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center.
- *Harrelson, M. E., Alexander, A. A., Morais, H. B., & Burkhart, B. R. (2017). The effects of polyvictimization and quality of caregiver attachment on disclosure of illegal sexual behavior. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 26(5), 625–642. doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1328474
- Keenan, K., Loeber, R., Zhang, Q., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & van Kammen, W. B. (1995). The influence of deviant peers on the development of boys’ disruptive and delinquency behavior: A temporal analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 7(4), 715–726. doi: 10.1017/S0954579400006805
- *Knight, R. A., & Sims-Knight, J. E. (2004). Testing an etiological model for male juvenile sexual offending against females. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 13(3–4), 33–55. doi:10.1300/J070v13n03_03
- *Leibowitz, G. S., Laser, J. A., & Burton, D. L. (2011). Exploring the relationships between dissociation, victimization, and juvenile sexual offending. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12(1), 38–52. doi:10.1080/15299732.2010.496143
- *Leibowitz, G. S., Burton, D. L., & Howard, A. (2012). Part II: Differences between sexually victimized and nonsexually victimized male adolescent sexual abusers and delinquent youth: Further group comparisons of developmental antecedents and behavioral challenges. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 21(3), 315–326. doi:10.1080/10538712.2012.675421
- Letourneau, E. J., & Borduin, C. M. (2008). The effective treatment of juveniles who sexually offend: An ethical imperative. Ethics & Behavior, 18(2–3), 286–306. doi:10.1080/10508420802066940
- Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse, 17(3), 293–312. doi:10.1177/107906320501700304
- Lyons, J. S. (2009). Communimetrics. A communication theory for measurement in human services. New York, NY: Springer.
- *McMackin, R. A., Leisen, M. B., Cusack, J. F., LaFratta, J., & Litwin, P. (2002). The relationship of trauma exposure to sex offending behavior among male juvenile offenders. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 11(2), 25–40. doi:10.1300/J070v11n02_02
- Miccio-Fonseca, L. C., & Rasmussen, L. A. L. (2015). MEGA♪—Empirical support for nomenclature on the anomalies: Sexually violent and predatory youth. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(11), 1222–1238. doi:10.1177/0306624X14533265
- Mohler-Kuo, M., Landolt, M. A., Maier, T., Meidert, U., Schönbucher, V., & Schnyder, U. (2014). Child sexual abuse revisited: A population-based cross-sectional study among Swiss adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(3), 304–311. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.08.020
- Prescott, J. J., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011). Do sex offender registration and notification laws affect criminal behavior? The Journal of Law and Economics, 54(1), 161–206. doi:10.1086/658485
- Rasmussen, L. A. (2013). Young people who sexually abuse: A historical perspective and future directions. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 22(1), 119–141. doi:10.1080/10538712.2013.744646
- *Reference was one of the studies included in the review.
- Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1985). Revised children's manifest anxiety scale. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
- Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (2000). Revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS) manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
- Righthand, S., & Welch, C. (2004). Characteristics of youth who sexually offend. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 13(3–4), 15–32. doi:10.1300/J070v13n03_02
- Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image, revised edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
- Russo, M. F., Stokes, G. S., Lahey, B. B., Christ, M. A. G., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., … Green, S. M. (1993). A sensation seeking scale for children: Further refinement and psychometric development. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 15(2), 69–86. doi: 10.1007/BF00960609
- Ryan, G. (1999). Treatment of sexually abusive youth: The evolving consensus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(4), 422–436. doi:10.1177/088626099014004005
- Sample, L. L., & Bray, T. M. (2003). Are sex offenders dangerous? Criminology & Public Policy, 3(1), 59–82. doi:10.1111/cpp.2003.3.issue-1
- Seto, M. C., & Lalumière, M. L. (2010). What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 526–575. doi:10.1037/a0019700
- *Szanto, L., Lyons, J. S., & Kisiel, C. (2012). Childhood trauma experience and the expression of problematic sexual behavior in children and adolescents in state custody. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 29(3), 231–249. doi:10.1080/0886571X.2012.702519
- TagCrowd. (2014). Retrieved from http://tagcrowd.com/
- Timshel, I., Montgomery, E., & Dalgaard, N. T. (2017). A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with family related violence in refugee families. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 315–330. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.023
- Ward, T., Gannon, T. A., & Birgden, A. (2007). Human rights and the treatment of sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19(3), 195–216. doi:10.1177/107906320701900302
- Wright, R. G. (2003). Sex offender registration and notification: Public attention, political emphasis, and fear. Criminology & Public Policy, 3, 97. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2003.tb00026.x