The role of facilitator training in intervention delivery: Preparing clinicians to deliver AFFIRMative group cognitive behavioral therapy to sexual and gender minority youth

References

• Austin, A., & Craig, S. L. (2015). Empirically supported interventions for sexual and gender minority youth. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 12(6), 567–578. doi:10.1080/15433714.2014.884958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. K., Baker, A., Britton, B., Wratten, C., Bauer, J., Wolfenden, L., & Carter, G. (2015). Fidelity considerations in translational research: Eating as treatment - a stepped wedge, randomised controlled trial of a dietitian delivered behaviour change counselling intervention for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Trials, 16(1), 465. doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0978-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beidas, R. S., Cross, W., & Dorsey, S. (2014). Show me, don’t tell me: Behavioral rehearsal as a training and analogue fidelity tool. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 21(1), 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beidas, R. S., Edmunds, J. M., Marcus, S. C., & Kendall, P. C. (2012). Training and consultation to promote implementation of an empirically supported treatment: A randomized trial. Psychiatric Services, 63(7), 660–665. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellg, A. J., Borrelli, B., Resnick, B., Hecht, J., Minicucci, D. S., Ory, M., … Czajkowski, S. (2004). Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: Best practices and recommendations from the NIH Behavior Change Consortium. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 23(5), 443–451. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogo, M., Rawlings, M., Katz, E., & Logie, C. (2014). Using simulation in assessment and teaching. Alexandria, VA: Council on Social Work Education, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Borrelli, B. (2011). The assessment, monitoring, and enhancement of treatment fidelity in public health clinical trials. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 71(s1), S52–S63. doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00233.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrelli, B., Sepinwall, D., Ernst, D., Bellg, A. J., Czajkowski, S., Breger, R., … Orwig, D. (2005). A new tool to assess treatment fidelity and evaluation of treatment fidelity across 10 years of health behavior research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 852–860. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyland, J. R., & Fisher, T. (2018). Collegial support for counsellors. Australian Counselling Research Journal, 12 (2), 5–12.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Cant, R. P., & Cooper, S. J. (2010). Simulation-based learning in nurse education: Systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(1), 3–15. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05240.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S. L., & Austin, A. (2016). The AFFIRM open pilot feasibility study: A brief affirmative cognitive behavioral coping skills group intervention for sexual and gender minority youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 64, 136–144. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S. L., Austin, A., & Alessi, E. (2013). Gay affirmative cognitive behavioral therapy for sexual minority youth: A clinical adaptation. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(3), 258–266. doi:10.1007/s10615-012-0427-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S. L., Austin, A., & Huang, Y.-T. (2018). Being humorous and seeking diversion: Promoting healthy coping skills among LGBTQ + youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 22(1), 20–35. doi:10.1080/19359705.2017.1385559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S. L., Dentato, M. P., Messinger, L., & McInroy, L. B. (2014). Educational determinants of readiness to practise with LGBTQ clients: Social work students speak out. British Journal of Social Work, 46(1), 115–134. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S. L., McInroy, L. B., Eaton, A. D., Iacono, G., Leung, V. W. Y., Austin, A., & Robinson, C. (2019). An affirmative coping skills intervention to improve the mental and sexual health of sexual and gender minority youth (project youth AFFIRM): Protocol for an implementation study. JMIR Research Protocols, 8(6), e13462. doi:10.2196/13462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, W. F., Seaburn, D., Gibbs, D., Schmeelk-Cone, K., White, A. M., & Caine, E. D. (2011). Does practice make perfect? A randomized control trial of behavioral rehearsal on suicide prevention gatekeeper skills. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 32(3–4), 195–211. doi:10.1007/s10935-011-0250-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Augelli, A.R. (2002). Mental health problems among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths ages 14 to 21. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7, 433–456.
   Google Scholar
• Dillon, F. R., Alessi, E. J., Craig, S., Eber-Sole, R. C., Kumar, S. M., & Spadola, C. (2015). Development of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Affirmative Counseling Self-Efficacy Inventory - Short Form (LGB-CSI-SF). Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 86–95. doi:10.1037/sgd0000087
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher, E. S., Komosa-Hawkins, K., Saldaña, E., Thomas, G. M., Hsiao, C., Rauld, M., & Miller, D. (2008). Promoting school success for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning students: Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and intervention strategies. The California School Psychologist, 13(1), 79–91. doi:10.1007/BF03340944
   Google Scholar
• Fixsen, D.L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, H. E., Becker-Haimes, E. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2020). Therapist training in evidence-based interventions for mental health: A systematic review of training approaches and outcomes. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 27(3), 1–30. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearing, R., El-Bassel, N., Ghesquiere, A., Baldwin, S., Gillies, J., & Ngeow, E. (2011). Major ingredients of fidelity: A review and scientific guide to improving quality of intervention research implementation. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 79–88. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, C. J., Carroll, K. M., Ball, S. A., Nich, C., Frankforter, T. L., & Martino, S. (2010). Community program therapist adherence and competence in a motivational interviewing assessment intake session. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(6), 342–349. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.500437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harned, M.S., Dimeff, L.A., Woodcock, E.A., Kelly, T., Zavertnik, J., Contreras, I., & Danner, S.M. (2014). Exposing clinicians to exposure: A randomized controlled dissemination trial of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy, 45(6), 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M. L., McLaughlin, K. A., & Xuan, Z. (2012). Social networks and risk for depressive symptoms in a national sample of sexual minority youth. Social Science & Medicine, 75(7), 1184–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the minority stress model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 460–467. doi:10.1037/a0029597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herschell, A. D., Kolko, D. J., Baumann, B. L., & Davis, A. C. (2010). The role of therapist training in the implementation of psychosocial treatments: A review and critique with recommendations. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(4), 448–466. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, J. D., Bufka, L. F., Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2001). Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive–behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(5), 747–755. − doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.5.747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacono, G. (2019). An affirmative mindfulness approach for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth mental health. Clinical Social Work Journal, 47(2), 156–166. doi:10.1007/s10615-018-0656-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobak, K. A., Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Craske, M. G., & Rose, R. D. (2017). Therapist training on cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders using internet-based technologies. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(2), 252–265. doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9819-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liness, S., Beale, S., Lea, S., Byrne, S., Hirsch, C. R., & Clark, D. M. (2019). The sustained effects of cbt training on therapist competence and patient outcomes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(3), 631–641. doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9987-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mars, T., Ellard, D., Carnes, D., Homer, K., Underwood, M., & Taylor, S. J. (2013). Fidelity in complex behaviour change interventions: A standardised approach to evaluate intervention integrity. BMJ Open, 3(11), e003555 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, R.K., & Barlow, D.H. (2010). The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments. A review of current efforts. The American Psychologist, 65(2), 73–84. doi:10.1037/a0018121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunder, L., Milne, D., & Cameron, L. (2008). Pilot evaluation of brief training in CBT for primary care practitioners. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(03), 341–351. doi:10.1017/S1352465808004220
   Google Scholar
• Merrill, K., Tolbert, V., & Wade, W. (2003). Effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression in a community mental health center: A bench- marking study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 404–409. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne, D., Baker, C., Blackburn, I., James, I., & Reichelt, K. (1999). Effectiveness of cognitive therapy training. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 30(2), 81–92. doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(99)00011-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, H. (2017). Evaluation of a trauma-focused CBT training programme for IAPT services. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(5), 467–482. doi:10.1017/S1352465816000606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustanski, B., Garofalo, R., & Emerson, E. M. (2010). Mental health disorders, psychological distress, and suicidality in a diverse sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2426–2432. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.178319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea, O., McCormick, R., Bradley, J. M., & O’Neill, B. (2016). Fidelity review: A scoping review of the methods used to evaluate treatment fidelity in behavioural change interventions. Physical Therapy Reviews, 21(3–6), 207–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H. A., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., … Vijayakumar, L. (2017). The Healthy activity program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 389(10065), 176–185. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31589-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potoczniak, D., Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Saltzburg, N. (2009). Experiences regarding coming out to parents among African American, Hispanic, and white gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 21(2–3), 189–205. doi:10.1080/10538720902772063
   Google Scholar
• Proctor, E., Silmere, H., Raghavan, R., Hovmand, P., Aarons, G., Bunger, A., … Hensley, M. (2011). Outcomes for implementation research: Conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(2), 65–76. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakovshik, S. G., & McManus, F. (2010). Establishing evidence-based training in cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of current empirical findings and theoretical guidance. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(5), 496–516. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rew, L., Banner, M., Johnson, K., & Slesnick, N. (2018). Intervention fidelity and facilitator training. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40(12), 1843–1860. doi:10.1177/0193945917752092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2011). Inequities in educational and psychological outcomes between LGBTQ and straight students in middle and high school. Educational Researcher, 40(7), 315–330. doi:10.3102/0013189X11422112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, R. C., Ruzek, J. I., & Karlin, B. E. (2017). Evidence-based training in the era of evidence-based practice: Challenges and opportunities for training of PTSD providers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 88, 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, S. T., & Fish, J. N. (2016). Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 465–487. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R.M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346–352. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singla, D. R., Kohrt, B. A., Murray, L. K., Anand, A., Chorpita, B. F., & Patel, V. (2017). Psychological treatments for the world: Lessons from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 149–181. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenwald, S.K., Garland, A.F., Chapman, J.E., Frazier, S.L., Sheidow, A.J., & Southam-Gerow, M.A. (2011). Toward the effective and efficient measurement of implementation fidelity. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(1), 32–43. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0321-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, K., Klech, D., Lewis, C. C., & Simons, A. D. (2016). What did they learn? Effects of a brief cognitive behavioral therapy workshop on community Therapists' Knowledge. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(8), 998–1003. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9876-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sholomskas, D.E., Syracuse-Siewert, G., Rounsaville, B.J., Ball, S.A., Nuro, K.F., & Carroll, K.M. (2005). We don't train in vain: a dissemination trial of three strategies of training clinicians in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(1), 106–115. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.1.106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, A. D., Padesky, C. A., Montemarano, J., Lewis, C. C., Murakami, J., Lamb, K., … Beck, A. T. (2010). Training and dissemination of cognitive behavior therapy for depression in adults: A preliminary examination of therapist competence and client outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 751–756. doi:10.1037/a0020569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, W. K., Pina, A. A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 53, 37(1), 105–130. doi:10.1080/15374410701817907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahmer, A. C., Rieth, S., Lee, E., Reisinger, E. M., Mandell, D. S., & Connell, J. E. (2015). Training teachers to use evidence-based practices for autism: Examining procedural implementation fidelity. Psychology in the Schools, 52(2), 181–195. doi:10.1002/pits.21815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C., Peter, T., McMinn, T.L., Schachter, K., Beldom, S., Ferry, A., … Paquin, S. (2011). Every class in every school: The first national climate survey on homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia in Canadian schools. Toronto, ON: Egale Canada Human Rights Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Tobias, C. R., Downes, A., Eddens, S., & Ruiz, J. (2012). Building blocks for peer success: Lessons learned from a train-the-trainer program. AIDS Patient Care and Stds, 26(1), 53–59. doi:10.1089/apc.2011.0224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkington, D., Kingdon, D., & Turner, T. (2002). Effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180(6), 523–527. doi:10.1192/bjp.180.6.523
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Healthy people 2020. Washington, DC: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://www.healthypeople.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, S. E., Ahles, E. M., Dixon De Silva, L. E., Patrick, K. A., Baldwin, M., Chablani-Medley, A., … Marques, L. (2019). Community-based implementation of a paraprofessional-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program for youth involved with the criminal justice system. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 30(2), 841–865. doi:10.1353/hpu.2019.0059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar