Using a Validation Process to Develop Market Segmentation Based on Travel Motivation for Major Metropolitan Areas

REFERENCES

• Andreu , L. , Kozak , M. , Avci , N. and Clifter , N. 2005 . Market segmentation by motivations to travel: British tourists visiting Turkey. . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 19 (1) : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Awaritefe , O. D. 2003 . Destination environment quality & tourists' spatial behavior in Nigeria: A case study of Third World Tropical Africa. . The International Journal of Tourism Research , 5 (4) : 251 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Axelsen , M. 2006 . Using special events to motivate visitors to attend art galleries. . Museum Management & Curatorship , 21 (3) : 205 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. and Uysal , M. 1996 . Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. . International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 8 (3) : 32 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Bello , D. C. and Etzel , M. J. 1985 . The role of novelty in the pleasure travel experience. . Journal of Travel Research , 24 (1) : 20 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Bieger , T. and Laesser , C. 2002 . Market segmentation by motivation: The Case of Switzerland. . Journal of Travel Research , 41 (1) : 68 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowen , H. E. and Daniels , M. J. 2005 . Does the music matter? Motivations for attending a music festival. . Event Management , 9 (3) : 155 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Cha , S. , McCleary , K. W. and Uysal , M. 1995 . Travel motivations of Japanese overseas travelers: A factor‐cluster segmentation approach. . Journal of Travel Research , 34 (1) : 33 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , J. and Chang , C. H. 2006 . Segmenting American and Japanese tourists on novelty seeking at night markets in Taiwan. . Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research , 11 (4) : 391 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Chon , K. S. 1989 . Understanding recreational traveler's motivation, attitude and satisfaction. . Tourism Review , 44 (1) : 3 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Costello , A. B. and Osborne , J. W. 2005 . Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. . Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation , 10 (7) : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. 1979 . Motivations for pleasure vacation. . Annals of Tourism Research , 6 (4) : 408 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Dann , G. M. S. 1981 . Tourism motivation: An appraisal. . Annals of Tourism Research , 8 (2) : 187 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Echtner , C. M. and Ritchie , J. R. B. 1991 . The meaning and measurement of destination image. . Journal of Tourism Studies , 2 (2) : 2 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Etzel , M. J. , Walker , B. J. and Stanton , W. J. 2001 . Marketing , New York : McGraw‐Hill/Irwin .
   Google Scholar
• Fish , M. and Waggle , D. 1996 . Current income versus total expenditure measures in regression models of vacation and pleasure travel. . Journal of Travel Research , 35 (2) : 70 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Fodness , D. 1994 . Measuring tourist motivation. . Annals of Tourism Research , 21 (3) : 555 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk , D. C. and Bruun , T. J. 2007 . The role of socio‐psychological and culture‐education motives in marketing international sport tourism: A cross‐cultural perspective. . Tourism Management , 28 (3) : 806 – 819 .
   Google Scholar
• Gitelson , J. R. and Kerstetter , D. L. 1990 . The relationship between socio‐demographic variables, benefits sought and subsequent vacation behavior: A case study. . Journal of Travel Research , 28 (3) : 24 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Hair , J. F. , Tatham , R. , Anderson , R. E. and Black , W. 1998 . Multivariate data analysis , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall . (5th ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Hankinson , G. 2005 . Destination brand images: A business tourism perspective. . The Journal of Services Marketing , 19 (1) : 24 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Holden , A. and Sparrowhawk , J. 2002 . Understanding the motivations of ecotourists: The case of trekkers in Annapurna, Nepal. . The International Journal of Tourism Research , 4 (6) : 435 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Horneman , L. , Carter , R. W. , Wei , S. and Ruys , H. 2002 . Profiling the senior traveler: An Australian perspective. . Journal of Travel Research , 41 (1) : 23 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Judith , C. 1999 . Hotel online—Special report Retrieved January 18, 2006, from http://ic.gc.ca
   Google Scholar
• Kim , H. , Borges , M. C. and Chon , J. 2006 . Impacts of environmental values on tourism motivation: The case of FICA, Brazil. . Tourism Management , 27 (5) : 957 – 967 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , K. , Noh , J. and Jogaratnam , G. 2006 . Multi‐destination segmentation based on push and pull motives: Pleasure trips of students at a U.S. University. . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 21 (2–3) : 19 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , N. S. and Chalip , L. 2004 . Why travel to the FIFA World Cup? Effects of motives, background, interest, and constraints. . Tourism Management , 25 (6) : 695 – 707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak , M. 2001 . Repeaters' behavior at two distinct destinations. . Annals of Tourism Research , 28 (3) : 784 – 807 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak , M. 2002 . Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations. . Tourism Management , 23 (3) : 221 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Leblanc , M. 2003 . Tourist characteristics and their interest in attending festivals & events: An Anglophone/Francophone case study of New Brunswick, Canada. . Event Management , 8 (4) : 203 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , C. K. 2000 . A comparative study of Caucasian and Asian visitors to a Cultural Expo in an Asian setting. . Tourism Management , 21 (2) : 169 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCleary , K. W. , Weaver , P. A. and Meng , F. 2006 . Dance as a tourism activity: Demographics, demand, characteristics, motivation, and segmentation. . Tourism Analysis , 10 (3) : 277 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• McKercher , B. and du Cros , H. 2003 . Testing a cultural tourism typology. . The International Journal of Tourism Research , 5 (1) : 45 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Molera , L. and Albaladejo , I. P. 2007 . Profiling segments of tourists in rural areas of South‐Eastern Spain. . Tourism Management , 28 (3) : 757 – 767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , L. , Benckendorff , P. and Moscardo , G. 2007 . Linking travel motivation, tourist self‐image and destination brand personality. . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 22 (2) : 45 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J. C. 1978 . Psychometric theory , New York : McGraw‐Hill . (2nd ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Oh , H. C. , Uysal , M. and Weaver , P. 1995 . Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach. . International Journal of Hospitality Management , 14 (2) : 123 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , P. L. and Lee , U.‐I. 2005 . Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. . Journal of Travel Research , 43 : 226 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , M. and Lambert , S. L. 2003 . A demographic perspective on U.S. consumers' out‐of‐town vacationing and commercial lodging usage while on vacation. . Journal of Travel Research , 42 (2) : 116 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Poria , Y. , Reichel , A. and Biran , A. 2006 . Heritage site management: Motivations and expectations. . Annals of Tourism Research , 33 (1) : 162 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Prebensen , N. K. 2005 . Segmenting the group tourist heading for warmer weather: A Norwegian example. . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 19 (4) : 27 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Purdue , R. R. 1986 . Duplicate listing sampling bias in visitor surveys. . Annals of Tourism Research , 13 (2) : 261 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , G. 2002 . Tourism attraction systems: Exploring cultural behavior. . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 (4) : 1048 – 1064 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittichainuwat , B. N. , Qu , H. and Leong , J. K. 2003 . The collective impacts of a bundle of travel determinants on repeat visitation. . Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research , 27 (2) : 217 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Russ , A. and Kirkpatrick , C. 1982 . Marketing , Boston : Little, Brown and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Sellick , M. C. 2004 . Discovery, connection, nostalgia: Key travel motives within the senior market. . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 17 (1) : 55 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Severt , D. , Wang , Y. , Chen , P. J. and Breiter , D. 2007 . Examining the motivation, perceived performance, and behavioral intentions of convention attendees: Evidence from a regional conference. . Tourism Management , 28 (2) : 399 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , R. and Sundaram , P. 2005 . Tourism: A sacred journey? The case of ashram tourism, India. . International Journal of Tourism Research , 7 (3) : 161 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , S. 1989 . Segmentation of the senior pleasure travel market. . Journal of Travel Research , 27 (3) : 14 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Sirakaya , E. , Uysal , M. and Yoshioka , C. F. 2003 . Segmenting the Japanese tour market to Turkey. . Journal of Travel Research , 41 (3) : 293 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2001 . Using multivariate statistics , New York : HarperCollins . (4th ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Tasci , A. D. , Aziz , A. and Holecek , D. F. 2003 . “ Characteristics and potential of midwestern package travelers. ” . In Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association 34th Annual Conference , Boise, ID : Travel and Tourism Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Uysal , M. and Hagan , L. A. R. 1993 . “ Motivation for pleasure travel and tourism. ” . In VNR's encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism , Edited by: Khan , M. A , Olsen , M. D and Var , T . 798 – 810 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Westbrook , R. A. and Oliver , R. L. 1991 . The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and customer satisfaction. . Journal of Consumer Research , 18 (1) : 84 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , S. and McDonald , C. 1990 . Motivational determinates of international pleasure time. . Journal of Travel Research , 29 (1) : 42 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Yuan , J. , Cai , L. , Morrison , A. and Linton , S. 2005 . An analysis of wine festival attendees' motivations: A synergy of wine, travel and special events? . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 11 (1) : 41 – 58 .
   Google Scholar