REFERENCES
- Allen, R. L., Long, P. T., Perdue, R., & Kieselbach, S. (1988). The impact of tourism development on residents’ perceptions of community life. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1), 16–21.
- Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Vogt, C. A., & Knopf, R. C. (2007). A cross-cultural analysis of tourism and quality of life perceptions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 483–502.
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.
- Arnold, W. (2005, October 21). Chinese tourists getting a bad image. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=/articles/2005/10/21/business/tourists.php
- Bowen, D., & Clarke, J. (2009). Contemporary tourist behaviour: Yourself and others as tourists. Wallingford: CABI.
- Caneday, L., & Zeiger, J. (1991). The social, economic, and environmental costs of tourism to gaming community as perceived by its residents. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 45–49.
- Chen, S. C. (2011). Minimizing dissonance when hosting mainland Chinese tourists: A model of understanding their role-clarity and self-efficacy in service delivery. International CHRIE Conference Refereed Track Paper 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.umass.edu/refereed/ICHRIE_2011/Saturday/2/
- China Daily. (2006). Guidebook spells out etiquette for tourists. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/179938.htm
- China Tourism Academy. (2011). Annual report of China outbound tourism development 2009/2010. Beijing: China Tourism Academy.
- Chio, J. (2010, November). China’s campaign for civilized tourism: What to do when tourists behave badly. Anthropology News. Retrieved from http://uts.academia.edu/JennyChio/Papers/326020/Chinas_Campaign_for_Civilized_Tourism_What_to_Do_When_Tourists_Behave_Badly
- Cialdini, R. (1984). Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. New York, NY: Collins Business.
- Cohen, E. (1979). Rethinking the sociology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 18–35.
- Collett, P. (2004). The Book of Tells. London: Bantam Books.
- Cronen, V. E., & Shuter, R. (1983). Forming intercultural bonds. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 89–118). Sage: Beverley Hills.
- Dann, G. (1999). Writing out the tourist in space and time. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(1), 159–187.
- Fennell, D. A., & Przeclawski, K. (2003). Generating goodwill in tourism through ethical stakeholder interactions. In S. Singh, D. J. Timothy, & R. K. Dowling (Eds.), Tourism in destination communities (pp. 135–152). Oxon: CABI.
- Galani-Moutafi, V. (1999). The self and the other. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 203–224.
- Gardner, G., Innes, J. M., Forgas, J. P., O’Driscoll, M., Pearce, P. L., & Newton, J. (1981). Social Psychology. Sydney: Prentice Hall.
- Ghosh, P. R. (2012, February). Hong Kong’s growing unease with Mainland Chinese visitors. International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/291101/20120201/hong-kong-china-mainland-births-dolce-gabbana.htm
- Gomm, R. (2004). Social Research Methodology. Bristol: Palgrave-MacMillan.
- Hottola, P. (2004). Culture confusions: Intercultural adaptation in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 447–466.
- Jin, Q., & Pearce, P. L. (2011). Tourist perception of crowding and management approaches at tourism sites in Xi’an. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), 325–338.
- Jurowski, C., Uysal, M., & Williams, D. R. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community residents reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3–11.
- Kang, M., & Moscardo, G. (2006). Exploring cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards responsible tourist behaviour: A comparison of Korean, British and Australian tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 303–320.
- Kavallins, I., & Pizam, A. (1994). The environmental impact of tourism—Whose responsibility is it anyway? The case study of Mykonos. Journal of Travel Research, 33(2), 26–32.
- Ko, V. (2012, January). Trouble down south: Why Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese aren’t getting along. World Time. Retrieved from http://world.time.com/2012/01/24/trouble-down-south-why-hong-kong-and-mainland-chinese-arent-getting-along
- Kozak, M., & Decrop, A. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of tourist behaviour: Theory and practice. London and New York: Routledge.
- Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004). Effect of activity involvement and place attachment on recreationists’ perceptions of setting density. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(2), 209–231.
- Lawson, R. W., William, J., Young, T., & Cossens, J. (1998). A comparison of residents’ attitudes towards tourism in 10 New Zealand destinations. Tourism Management, 19(3), 247–256.
- Luo, J. (2004). Over a cup of tea: An introduction to Chinese life and culture. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
- MacCannell, D. (1989). The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. New York, NY: Random House.
- Magistad, M. K. (2012, February). Growing rift between Hong Kong and Mainland China. The World. Retrieved from http://www.theworld.org/2012/02/hong-kong-mainland-china-rift/
- Manning, R. (2003). What to do about crowding and solitude in parks and wilderness? A reply to Steward and Cole. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(1), 107–118.
- Manning, R., Lawson, S., Newman, P., Laven, D., & Valliere, W. (2002). Methodological issues in measuring crowding-related norms in outdoor recreation. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 24(3–4), 339–348.
- Maoz, D. (2006). The mutual gaze. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 221–239.
- McDonald, M. (2012, January). One country, two systems? Not lately. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved from http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/one-country-two-systems-not-lately/
- Morgan, M., Lugosi, P., & Brent Ritchie, J. R. (Eds.). (2010). The tourism and leisure experience: Consumer and managerial perspectives. Bristol: Channel View.
- Murphy, L., Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pearce, P. L. (2011). Tourist shopping villages: Forms and functions. New York, NY: Routledge.
- PATA. (2010). China outbound tourism yearbook 2010. Bangkok: PATA.
- Payne, D., & Dimanche, F. (1996). Towards a code of conduct for the tourism industry: An ethics model. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(9), 997–1007.
- Pearce Associates. (1999). Using CMM, “the coordinated management of meaning”. San Mateo, CA: Pearce Associates, 1999.
- Pearce, B. (2005). The coordinated management of meaning (CMM). In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 35–54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Pearce, P. L. (1982). The social psychology of tourist behaviour. Oxford: Pergamon.
- Pearce, P. L. (1995). From culture shock and culture arrogance to culture exchange: Ideas towards sustainable socio-cultural tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3(3), 143–154.
- Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behaviour themes and conceptual schemes. Clevedon: Channel View.
- Pearce, P. L. (2011). tourist behaviour and the contemporary world. Bristol: Channel View.
- Pearce, P. L., Kim, E., & Lussa, S. (1998). Facilitating tourist host social interaction: An overview and assessment of the culture assimilator. In E. Laws, G. Moscardo, & B. Faulkner (Eds.), Embracing and managing change in tourism: International case studies (pp. 347–364). London: Routledge.
- Philipsen, G. (1995). The coordinated management of meaning—Theory of pearce, cronen and associates. In D. P. Cushman & B. Kovacic (Eds.), Watershed Research Traditions in Human Communication Theory (pp. 13–44). New York: State University of New York Press.
- Pizam, A., Jansen-Verbeke, M., & Steel, L. (1997). Are all tourists alike regardless of nationality? The perceptions of Dutch tour-guides. Journal of International Hospitality, Leisure & Tourism Management, 1(1), 19–40.
- Pizam, A., & Jeong, G. H. (1996). Cross-cultural tourist behaviour: Perceptions of Korean tour-guides. Tourism Management, 17(4), 227–286.
- Pizam, A., & Mansfeld, Y. (2000). Consumer behaviour in travel and tourism. New York, NY: The Haworth Hospitality Press.
- Pizam, A., & Reichel, A. (1996). The effect of nationality on tourist behavior: Israeli tour guides’ perceptions. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1), 23–49.
- Pizam, A., & Sussman, S. (1995). Does nationality affect tourist behavior? Annals of Tourism Research, 22(7), 901–917.
- Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (2003). Cross cultural behaviour in tourism. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
- Robinson, M. (1998). Cultural conflicts in tourism: Inevitability and inequality. In M. Robinson & P. Boniface (Eds.), Tourism and cultural conflicts (pp. 1–32). New York, NY: CABI.
- Ryan, C., Scotland, A., & Montgomery, D. (1998). Resident attitudes to tourism development – A comparative study between the Rangitikei, New Zealand and Bakewell, United Kingdom. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(2), 115–130.
- Steward, W., & Cole, D. (2001). Number of encounters and experience quality in Grand Canyon backcountry: Consistently negative and weak relationships. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(1), 106–120.
- Torkzadeh, G., Koufteros, X., & Pflughoeft, K. (2003). Confirmatory analysis of computer self-efficacy. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(2), 263–275.
- Tunnell, G. (1977). Three dimensions of naturalness: An expanded definition of field research. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 426–437.
- Vaske, J., & Donnelly, M. (2002). Generalizing the encounter- norm-crowding relationship. Leisure Science, 24(3–4), 255–269.
- Wong, Y. C. (2004). One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong’s Transformation. Hong Kong: Lexington Books.
- World Tourism Organisation. (2003). Chinese outbound tourism. Madrid: UNWTO.
- Yagi, C. (2001). How tourists see other tourists: Analysis of online travelogues. Journal of Tourism Studies, 12(2), 22–31.
- Yagi, C., & Pearce, P. L. (2007). The influence of appearance and the number of people viewed on tourists’ preferences for seeing other tourists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(1), 28–43.
- Yee, A. (2012, January). Hong Kong rethinks its relationship with Mainland China. Global Voices. Retrieved from http://globalvoicesonline.org/2012/01/24/hong-kong-rethinks-its-relationship-with-mainland-china/
- Zeng, C. (2006, October 5). Chinese travelers’ uncivil liberties. Asia Times. Retrieved from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/HJ05Ad01.html
- Zhang, R. (2006, October 8). Chinese tourists’ bad behavior to be curbed. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Oct/183079.htm