A FUN-SCALE for Understanding the Hedonic Value of a Product: The Destination Context

REFERENCES

• Abner, M. (1997). Corporate America takes fun seriously. Women in Business, 49, 42.
   Google Scholar
• Abramis, S. T. (1989). Finding the fun at work. Psychology Today, 23, 36–38.
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you’re having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 665–694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala, H. (1996). Resort Ecotourism: A master plan for experience management. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 54–61.
   Google Scholar
• Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffen, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(March), 644–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R., & Kimmel, S. (1995). A comparison of leading theories for the prediction of goal directed behaviours. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34(4), 437–461. doi:10.1111/bjso.1995.34.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. doi:10.1007/BF02723327
   Google Scholar
• Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler, P. (2006). EQS 6 structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
   Google Scholar
• Bentler, P., & Dudgeon, P. (1996). Covariance structure analysis: Statistical practice, theory, and directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 563–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch, P. H., & Bruce, G. D. (1984). Product involvement as leisure behavior. In T. C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in consumer research (Vol. 11, pp. 197–202). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., & White, T. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319–333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill Jr., G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark-Carter, D. (1997). Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report. Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(4), 584–594. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collinson, D. L. (2002). Managing humour. Journal of Management Studies, 39, 269–288. doi:10.1111/joms.2002.39.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello, A., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Crick-Furman, D., & Prentice, R. (2000). Modeling tourists’ multiple values. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(1), 69–92. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00041-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302. doi:10.1037/h0040957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of flow in work and games. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikzsentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.). (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deal, T., & Kennedy, A. (1982). Corporate cultures. The rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Dermody, M. B. (2002). Recruitment and retention practices in independent and chain restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 3, 107–117. doi:10.1300/J149v03n01_06
   Google Scholar
• DeVellis, R. (1991). Scale development theory and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fun
   Google Scholar
• Dix, A. (2003). Deconstructing experience – Pulling crackers apart. In M. Blythe, K. Overbeeke, A. Monk, & P. Wright (Eds.), Funology: From usability to enjoyment (pp. 165–178). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Dix, A. (2014, June 20). Fun systematically. Retrieved from http://alandix.com/academic/papers/ECCE-fun-2004/ecce-alan-fun-panel.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Driver, B. L., Tinsley, E. A., & Manfredo, M. J. (1991). The paragraphs about leisure and recreation experience scales: Results from two inventories designed to assess the breadth of the perceived benefits of leisure. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown, & G. L. Patterson (Eds.), Benefits of leisure (pp. 3–25). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, R., Sucharski, I. L., Yalowitz, S., Kent, R. J., Loomis, R. J., Jones, J. R., … McLaughlin, J. P. (2010). The motive for sensory pleasure: Enjoyment of nature and its representation in painting, music, and literature. Journal of Personality, 78(2), 599–638. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1467-6494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzsimmons, C. (2009). Why dive? And why here? A study of recreational diver enjoyment at a Fijian eco-tourist resort. Tourism in Marine Environments, 5(2–3), 159–173.
   Google Scholar
• Fluegge, E. R. (2008). Who put the fun in functional? Fun at work and its effects on job performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaskin, J., (2012, May 18). Confirmatory factor analysis, Gaskination’s StatWiki. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com
   Google Scholar
• Gautier, A. (2004, September). Why experiential marketing is the next big thing. New Zealand Marketing Magazine, p. 8.
   Google Scholar
• Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(May), 186–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbing, D. W., & Hamilton, J. G. (1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(1), 62–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynn, S. (2012, June 18). Why time flies when you’re having fun. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249410.php
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psychological measurement, 66(3), 393–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschman, E. C. (1984). Experience seeking: A subjectivist perspective of consumption. Journal of Business Research, 12(1), 115–136. doi:10.1016/0148-2963(84)90042-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. H. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Holbrook, M. B. (1986). Emotion in the consumption experience: Toward a new model of the human consumer. In R. A. Peterson et al. (Ed.), The role of affect in consumer behavior: Emerging theories and applications (pp. 17–52). Lexington, MA: Heath.
   Google Scholar
• Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, S. N., Lee, C., & Chen, H. J. (2005). The relationship among tourists’ involvement, place attachment and interpretation satisfaction in Taiwan’s national parks. Tourism Management, 26, 143–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., & Peluchette, J. (2006a). Does workplace fun buffer the impact of emotional exhaustion on job dissatisfaction? A study of health care workers. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7, 128–141.
   Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., & Peluchette, J. (2006b). How does workplace fun impact employee perceptions of customer service quality? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13, 2–13. doi:10.1177/10717919070130020201
   Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., Peluchette, J., & Hall, L. M. (2008). Give them something to smile about: A marketing strategy for recruiting and retaining volunteers. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 20, 71–96. doi:10.1080/10495140802165360
   Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., Peluchette, J., Hall, L. M., & Harland, L. (2005). Attitudes toward workplace fun: A three sector comparison. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 12, 1–17. doi:10.1177/107179190501200201
   Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., Peluchette, J., & Harland, L. (2007). Is fun for everyone? Personality differences in health care providers’ attitudes toward fun. Journal of Human Health Services Administration, 29, 409–447.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lepper, M. R., & Cordova, D. I. (1992). A desire to be taught: Instructional consequences of intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 16, 187–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundin, S. C., Paul, H., & Christensen, J. (2000). Fish! New York, NY: Hyperion.
   Google Scholar
• Malone, T. W. (1980). What makes things fun to learn? A study of intrinsically motivating computer games (Technical Report, CIS-7). Palo Alto, CA: Xerox PARC.
   Google Scholar
• Malone, T. W. (1981a). What makes computer games fun? Byte, 6(12), 258–277.
   Google Scholar
• Malone T. W. (1981b). Toward a theory of intrinsically motivating instruction. Cognitive Science, 5, 333–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone, T. W., & Lepper, M. R. (1987). Making learning fun: A taxonomy of intrinsic motivations for learning. In R. E. Snow & M. J. Farr (Eds.), Aptitude, learning and instruction, Volume III: Conative and affective process analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W., & Grayson, D. (1995). Latent variable models of multitrait-multimethod data. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp. 177–198). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McDowell, T. (2004). Fun at work: Scale development, confirmatory factor analysis, and links to organizational outcomes (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Alliant International University, San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• McMinn, S. (1997). The challenge of sustainable tourism. The Environmentalist, 17, 135–141.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D., Moore, K., & Mansell, R. (2005). Adventure tourists on water: Linking expectations, affect, achievement and enjoyment to the sports tourism adventure. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 10(1), 73–88. doi:10.1080/14775080500101593
   Google Scholar
• Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. C. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 119–132. doi:10.1177/0047287507304039
   Google Scholar
• Orams, M. B. (1995). Towards a more desirable form of ecotourism. Tourism Management, 16(1), 3–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orams, M. B. (1997). The effectiveness of environmental education: Can we turn tourists into Greenies’? Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 295–306.
   Google Scholar
• Peluchette, J., & Karl, K. A. (2005). Attitudes toward incorporating fun into the health care workplace. The Health Care Manager, 24, 268–275. doi:10.1097/00126450-200507000-00011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters, T., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Petkus, E. (2004). Enhancing the application of experiential marketing in the arts. International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 9(1), 49–56. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1479-103X
   Google Scholar
• Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(July/August), 97–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theatre and every business is a stage. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
   Google Scholar
• Poris, M. (2005). Understanding what fun means to today’s kids. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 7(1), 14–22. doi:10.1108/17473610610701358
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (Eds.). (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sackett, A. M., Meyvis, T., Nelson, L. D., Converse, B. A., & Sackett, A. L. (2010). You’re having fun when time flies: The hedonic consequences of subjective time progression. Psychological Science, 21(1), 111–117. doi:10.1177/0956797609354832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1–3), 53–67. doi:10.1362/026725799784870496
   Google Scholar
• Sherry Jr., J. F. (1990). A sociocultural analysis of a midwestern Flea market. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(June), 13–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smilansky, S. (2009). Experiential marketing: A practical guide to interactive brand experiences. London: Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Smillie, L. D., Jackson, C. J., & Dalgleish, L. I. (2006). Conceptual distinctions among Carver and White’s (1994) BAS scales: A reward-reactivity versus trait impulsivity perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1039–1050. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger, J., & Lind, J. (1980). Statistically based tests for the number of factors. Paper presented at the Annual Spring Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA.
   Google Scholar
• Sunoo, B. P. (1995). How fun flies at Southwest Airlines. Personnel Journal, 74, 62–73.
   Google Scholar
• Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Bartlett, A. L. (2012). The fundamental role of workplace fun in applicant attraction. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 19, 105–111. doi:10.1177/1548051811431828
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Stafford, K. (2013). Does fun pay? The impact of workplace fun on employee turnover and performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(4), 370–382. doi:10.1177/1938965513505355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger, L. S., & Kernan, J. B. (1983). On the meaning of leisure: An investigation of some determinants of the subjective experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(March), 381–392.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. (2006). Tourism and hospitality marketing: Fantasy, feeling and fun. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(6), 482–495. doi:10.1108/09596110610681520
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. J. (2000). Consuming hospitality: Learning from postmodernism. In C. Lashley & A. Morrison (Eds.), In search of hospitality. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfinbarger, M., & Gilly, M. (2014). Shopping online for freedom, control and fun. Retrieved from http://j.pelet.free.fr/publications/comparaison_brick_%26_mortar_ecommerce/Shopping_online_for_freedom_control_and_fun_WOLFINBARGER.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Worthington, R., & Whittaker, T. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. Counseling Psychologist, 34, 806–838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar