516
Views
91
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Readiness and Stages of Change in Addiction Treatment

Pages 103-119 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • DiClemente CC.. Addiction and Change: How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover. New York, Guilford Press;. 2003
  • DiClemente CC, Bellino LE, Neavins TM.. Motivation for change and alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Res Health. 1999; 23: 86–92. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Miller WR.. Motivation for treatment: a review with special emphasis on alcoholism. Psychol Bull. 1985; 98: 84–107. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Jellinek E.. The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Haven, CT, Hillhouse. 1960
  • Klingemann H.. The motivation for change from problem alcohol and heroin use. Br J Addict. 1991; 86: 727–744. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Lettieri DJ, Sayers M, Pearson HW. Theories on Drug Abuse: Selected Contemporary Perspectives. NIDA Research Monograph No. 30, DHHS Publication No. ADM 80–967. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse;. 1980
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing the Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Malabar, FL, Krieger Publishing Co.;. 1984
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO.. Toward a comprehensive, transtheoretical model of change: stages of change and addictive behavior. Miller WR, Heather N. Treating Addictive Behaviors, 2nd ed., New York, Plenum. 1998; 3–24
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross J.. In search of how people change. Am Psychol. 1992; 47: 1101–1114
  • Prochaska JO, Norcross J, DiClemente CC. Changing for Good: The Revolutionary Program that Explains the Six Stages of Change and Teaches You How to Free Yourself from Bad Habits. New York, NY, William Morrow & Co. Inc.;. 1994
  • Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing, 2nd ed., New York, Guilford Press;. 2002
  • Rollnick S, Mason P, Butler C. Health Behavior Change. London, Churchill Livingstone;. 1999
  • Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol Number 35, DHHS Publication No. SMA 99-3354.. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office;. 1999
  • Velasquez MM, Gaddy-Maurer GG, Crouch C, DiClemente CC. Group Treatment for Substance Abuse: A Stages of Change Therapy Manual. New York, Guilford Press;. 2001
  • Heather N, Rollnick S, Bell A.. Predictive validity of the Readiness to Change Questionnaire. Addiction. 1993; 88: 1667–1677. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Project MATCH. Research Group. Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH post-treatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol. 1997; 58: 7–29
  • Project MATCH. Research Group. Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH three-year drinking outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998; 22: 1300–1311. [CSA]
  • Carbonari JP, DiClemente CC, Zweben A.. A readiness to change scale: its development, validation, and usefulness. DiClemente CC. Assessing Critical Dimensions for Alcoholism, Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy. San DiegoCA 1994
  • DiClemente CC, Carbonari J, Zweben A, Morrel T, Lee RE.. Motivation hypothesis causal chain analysis. Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Project MATCH: a Priori Matching Hypotheses, Results, and Mediating Mechanisms National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Project MATCH Monograph Series., 8, Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2001; 206–222
  • DeLeon G, Melnick G, Kressel D.. Motivation and readiness for therapeutic community treatment among cocaine and other drug abusers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1997; 23: 169–189. [CSA]
  • DeLeon G, Melnick G, Thomas G, Kressel D, Wexler HK.. Motivation for treatment in a prison-based therapeutic community. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2000; 26: 33–46. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Avants SK, Margolin A, Kosten TR.. Influence of treatment readiness on outcomes of two pharmacotherapy trials for cocaine abuse among methadone maintained patients. Psychol Addict Behav. 1996; 10: 147–156. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Simpson DD, Joe GW.. Motivation as a predictor of early drop out from drug abuse treatment. Psychotherapy. 1993; 30: 357–368
  • DeLeon G, Melnick G, Kressel D, Jainchill N.. Circumstances, motivation, readiness, and suitability (the CRMS scales): predicting retention in therapeutic community treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1994; 20: 101–106. [CSA]
  • Mattson ME, Del Boca FK, Carroll KM, et al, Compliance with treatment and follow-up protocols in Project MATCH: predictors and relationship to outcome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998; 22: 1328–1339. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Joe GW, Simpson D, Broome KM.. Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of protocols. Addiction. 1998; 93: 1177–1190. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Simpson DD, Joe GW, Rowan-Szal G, Greener J.. Client engagement and change during drug abuse treatment. J Subst Abuse. 1995; 7: 117–134. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • DiClemente CC, Scott CW.. Stages of change: interaction with treatment compliance and involvement, Onken LS, Blaine JD, Boren JJ. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug-Dependent Individual in Treatment. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse;. 1997
  • Blanchard KA, Morgenstern J, Morgan TJ, Labouvie E, Bux DA.. Motivational subtypes and continuous measures of readiness for change: concurrent and predictive validity. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003; 17: 56–65. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Carney MM, Kivlahan DR.. Motivational subtypes among veterans seeking substance abuse treatment: profiles based on stages of change. Psychol Addict Behav. 1995; 9: 1135–1142
  • DiClemente CC, Hughes S.. Stages of change profiles in outpatient alcoholism treatment. J Subst Abuse. 1990; 2: 217–235. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Willoughby RW, Edens JF.. Construct validity and predictive validity of the stages of change scale for alcoholics. J Subst Abuse. 1996; 8: 275–291. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Miller WR, Tonigan JS.. Assessing drinkers’ motivation for change: the stages of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale (SOCRATES). Psychol Addict Behav. 1996; 10: 81–89. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Isenhart C.. Pretreatment readiness for change in male alcohol-dependent subjects: predictors of one-year follow-up status. J Stud Alcohol. 1997; 58: 351–357. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Carey KB, Maisto SA, Carey MP, Purnine DM.. Measuring readiness-to-change substance misuse among psychiatric outpatients: I. reliability and validity of self-report measures. J Stud Alcohol. 2001; 62: 79–88. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • DiClemente CC.. Motivation for change: Implications for substance abuse treatment. Psychol Sci. 1999; 10: 209–213. [CROSSREF]
  • DiClemente CC, Lee RE, Whyte SR.. Treatment receptivity versus motivational readiness to change in alcohol treatment. Presented at the 32nd annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC 1998
  • Mallin R.. Smoking cessation: integration of behavioral and drug therapies. Am Fam Physician. 2002; 65: 1107–1114, 1117, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Carey KB, Purine DM, Maisto SA, Carey MP.. Assessing readiness to change substance abuse: a critical review of instruments. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 1999; 6: 245–266. [CROSSREF]
  • Joseph J, Breslin C, Skinner H.. Critical perspectives on the Transtheoretical Model and stages of change. Tucker JA, Donovan DM, Marlatt GA. Changing Addictive Behavior: Bridging Clinical and Public Health Strategies. New York, Guilford Press. 1999; 60–190
  • Bandura A.. Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychol Rev. 1977; 84: 191–215. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Davidson R.. Prochaska and DiClemente's model of change: a case study [editorial]. Br J Addiction. 1992; 87: 821–822. [CSA]
  • Littell JH, Girvin H.. Stages of change: a critique. Behav Modif. 2002; 26: 223–273. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Sutton S.. Can “stage of change” provide guidance in treatment of addiction? A critical examination of Prochaska and DiClemente's model. Edwards G, Dare C. Psychotherapy, Psychological Treatments, and the Addictions. New York, Cambridge University Press. 1996; 189–205
  • Sutton S.. A critical review of the Transtheoretical Model applied to smoking cessation. Norman P, Abraham C, Conner M. Understanding and Changing Health Behavior: From Health Beliefs to Self-regulation. London, Harwood Academic Publishers. 2000; 207–225
  • Connors GJ, Donovan DM, DiClemente CC. Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change: Selecting and Planning Interventions. New York, Guilford Press. 2001
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Velicer WF, Rossi JS.. Criticisms and concerns of the Transtheoretical Model in light of recent research. Br J Addiction. 1992; 87: 825–828
  • Crittenden KS, Manfredi C, Lacey L, Warnecke R, Parsons J.. Measuring readiness and motivation to quit smoking among women in public health clinics. Addict Behav. 1994; 19: 497–507. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Crittenden KS, Manfredi C, Warnecke R, Cho YI, Parsons J.. Measuring readiness and motivation to quit smoking among women in public health clinics: predictive validity. Addict Behav. 1998; 23: 191–199. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dijkstra A, DeVries H, Roijackers J, van, Breukelen G. Tailored interventions to communicate stage-matched information to smokers in different motivational stages. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998; 66: 549–557. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • DiClemente CC, Velasquez M.. Motivational interviewing and the stages of change. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd ed., New York, Guilford Publications, Inc. 2002; 201–216
  • Velicer WF, Prochaska JO, Rossi J, et al, A empirical typology of subjects with stages of change. Addict Behav. 1995; 20: 229–320. [CROSSREF]
  • McConnaughy EA, DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO, Velicer WF.. Stages of change in psychotherapy: a follow-up report. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 1989; 4: 494–503
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO, Fairhurst S, Velicer WF, Velasquez M, Rossi J.. The process of smoking cessation: an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991; 59: 295–304. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Biener L, Abrams DB.. The contemplation ladder: validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1991; 10: 360–365. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Isenhart C.. Motivational subtypes in an inpatient sample of substance abusers. Addict Behav. 1994; 19: 463–475. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Belding MA, Iguchi MY, Lamb RJ.. Stages of change in methadone maintenance: assessing the convergent validity of two measures. Psychol Addict Behav. 1996; 10: 157–166. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Etter J, Perneger TV.. A comparison of two measures of stage of change for smoking cessation. Addiction. 1999; 94: 1881–1889. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Rothfleisch J.. Comparison of Two Measures of Stages of Change among Drug Abusers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Houston;. 1997
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO, Gibertini M.. Self efficacy and the stages of self change of smoking. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1985; 9: 181–200
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO.. Processes and stages of change: coping and competence in smoking behavior change. Shiffman S, Wills TA. Coping and Substance Abuse. New York, Academic Press. 1985; 319–342
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC.. Common processes of change in smoking, weight control, and psychological distress. Shiffman S, Wills TA. Coping and Substance Abuse. New York, Academic Press. 1985; 345–362
  • Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, et al, Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. Health Psychol. 1994; 13: 39–46. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Carbonari JP, DiClemente CC.. Using transtheoretical model profiles to differentiate levels of alcohol abstinence success. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68: 810–817. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Prochaska JO.. Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis. Homewood, IL, Dorsey Press. 1979
  • DiClemente CC.. Perceived processes, change on the cessation of smoking, and the maintenance of that change, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rhode Island;. 1978
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO.. Self change and therapy change of smoking behavior: a comparison of processes of change in cessation and maintenance. Addict Behav. 1982; 7: 133–142. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC.. Stages and processes of self change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983; 51: 390–395. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC.. Self change processes, self efficacy, and decisional balance across five stages of smoking cessation. Epstein PF, Anderson PN, Mortenson LE. Advance in Cancer Control. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1984; 131–151
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC.. Toward a comprehensive model of change. Miller WR, Heather N. Treating Addictive Behavior: Processes of Change. New York, Plenum Press. 1986; 3–27
  • DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO, Gibertini M.. Self efficacy and the stages of self change of smoking. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1985; 9: 181–200
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Velicer WF, Ginpil SE, Norcross JC.. Predicting change in smoking status for self changers. Addict Behav. 1985; 10: 395–406. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, DiClemente CC, Fava J.. Measuring processes of change: application to the cessation of smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56: 520–528. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Prochaska JO, Velicer W, DiClemente CC, Guadagnoli E, Rossi J.. Patterns of change: dynamic typology applied to smoking cessation. Multivariate Behavioral Research. 1991; 26: 83–107
  • Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Velicer WF, Rossi JS.. Standardized, individualized, interactive, and personalized self-help programs for smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 399–405. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Velicer WF, Prochaska JO, Bellis JM, et al, An expert system intervention for smoking cessation. Addict Behav. 1993; 18: 269–290. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Velicer WF, Prochaska JO, Rossi J, DiClemente CC, Guadanoli E, Redding C.. A empirical typology of subjects with stages of change. Addict Behav. 1995; 20: 229–320
  • Velicer WF, DiClemente CC, Rossi J, Prochaska JO.. Relapse situations and self-efficacy: an integrative model. Addict Behav. 1990; 15: 271–283. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Velicer WF, DiClemente CC, Prochaska JO, Brandenburg N.. A decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985; 48: 1279–1289. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kristeller JL, Rossi JS, Ockene JK, Goldberg R, Prochaska JO.. Processes of change in smoking cessation: a cross-validation study in cardiac patients. J Subst Abuse. 1992; 4: 263–276. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • O'Connor E, Carbonari JP, DiClemente CC.. Gender and smoking cessation: a factor structure comparison of processes of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996; 64: 130–138. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Perz CA, DiClemente CC, Carbonari JP.. Doing the right thing at the right time? Interaction of stages and processes of change in successful smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1996; 15: 462–468. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Farkas AJ, Pierce JP, Zhu S, et al, Addiction versus stages of change models in predicting smoking cessation. Addiction. 1996; 91: 1271–1280. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Abrams DB, Herzog TA, Emmons KM, Linnan L.. Stages of change versus addiction: a replication and extension. Nicotine Tob Res. 2000; 2: 223–229. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Keller S, Nigg CP, Jaekle C, Baum E, Basler H. Self-efficacy, decisional balance, and the stages of change for smoking cessation in a German sample. Swiss Journal of Psychology. 1999; 58: 101–110. [CROSSREF]
  • Morera OF, Johnson SF, Parsons J, Crittenden KS, Flay BR, Warnecke RB. The measure of stage of readiness to change: some psychometric considerations. Psychol Assess. 1998; 10: 182–186. [CROSSREF]
  • Schorling JB.. The stages of change of rural African-American smokers. Am J Prev Med. 1995; 11: 170–177. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Carbonari JP, DiClemente CC, Sewell KB.. Stage transitions and the transtheoretical stages of change model of smoking cessation. Swiss Journal of Psychology. 1999; 58: 134–144. [CROSSREF]
  • Velicer WF, DiClemente CC.. Understanding and intervening with the total population of smokers: an editorial. Tob Control. 1993; 2: 95–96
  • Stotts A, DiClemente CC, Carbonari JP, Mullen P.. Pregnancy smoking cessation: a case of mistaken identity. Addict Behav. 1996; 21: 459–471. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Glynn TJ, Boyd GM, Gruman JC.. Essential elements of self-help/minimal intervention strategies for smoking cessation. Health Educ Behav. 1990; 17: 329–345. [CSA]
  • Zimmerman GL, Olsen CG, Bosworth MF.. A “stages of change” approach to helping patients change behavior. Am Fam Physician. 2000; 61: 1406–1416
  • Fiore MC, Jorenby DE, Baker TB.. Smoking cessation: principles and practice based upon the AHCPR Guideline, 1996. Ann Behav Med. 1997; 19: 213–219. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • McConnaughy EA, Prochaska JO, Velicer WF.. Stages of change in psychotherapy: measurement and sample profiles. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice. 1983; 20: 368–375. [CSA]
  • Belding MA, Iguchi MY, Lamb RJ.. Stages and processes of change as predictors of drug use among methadone maintenance patients. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997; 5: 65–73. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Pantalon MV, Nich C, Frankforter T, Carroll KM.. The URICA as a measure of motivation to change among treatment-seeking individuals with concurrent alcohol and cocaine problems. Psychol Addict Behav. 2002; 16: 299–307. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Greenstein DK, Franklin ME, McGuffin P.. Measuring motivation to change: an examination of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Questionnaire (URICA) in an adolescent sample. Psychotherapy. 1999; 36: 47–55
  • Dermen K, Koutsky J, Connors G, Czarnecki D. SOCRATES scores of alcoholic inpatients: factor structure and relationship to pretreatment characteristics and treatment compliance. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Miami, FL;. 1997
  • Maisto SA, Chung TA, Cornelius JR.. Factor structure of the SOCRATES in a clinical sample of adolescents. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003; 17: 98–107. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Connors GJ, DiClemente CC, Dermen KH, Kadden R, Carroll KM, Frone MR.. Predicting the therapeutic alliance in alcoholism treatment. J Stud Alcohol. 2000; 61: 139–149. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • DiClemente CC, Carroll KM, Miller WR, Connors GJ, Donovan DM.. A look inside treatment: therapist effects, the therapeutic alliance, and the process of intentional behavior change. Babor T, DelBoca F. Treatment Matching in Alcoholism. Cambridge University Press. 2003; 166–183
  • Project MATCH. Research Group. Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses. Addiction. 1997; 92: 1671–1698. [CROSSREF]
  • DiClemente CC, Carbonari JC, Daniels JW, Donovan DM, Bellino LE, Neavins TM.. Self-efficacy as a matching hypothesis: causal chain analysis. Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Project MATCH: A Priori Matching Hypotheses, Results, and Mediating Mechanisms. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Project MATCH Monograph Series. Vol. 8. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2001; 239–259
  • Siegal HA, Li L, Rapp RC, Saha P.. Measuring readiness for change among crack cocaine users: a descriptive analysis. Subst Use Misuse. 2001; 36: 687–700. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Pantalon MV, Swanson AJ.. Use of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment to measure motivational readiness to change in psychiatric and dually diagnosed individuals. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003; 17: 91–97. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Abellanas L. McLellan AT. “Stage of change” by drug problem in concurrent opioid, cocaine, and cigarette users. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1993; 25: 307–313. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • DiClemente CC, Carbonari JP, Velasquez MM.. Alcoholism treatment mismatching from a process of change perspective. Watson RR. Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Towota, NJ, Humana Press. 1992; 115–142
  • Marlowe DB, Merikle EP, Kirby KC, Festinger DS, McLellan AT.. Multidimensional assessment of perceived treatment-entry pressures among substance abusers. Psychol Addict Behav. 2001; 15: 97–108. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Miller WR, Heather N. Treating Addictive Behaviors, 2nd ed, New York, Plenum Press. 1998
  • Miller WR. Rollnick S, Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior. New York, Guilford Press. 1991
  • Mee-Lee D, Shulman GD, Fishman M, Gastfriend DR, Griffith JH. ASAM Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-related Disorders, 2nd ed, revised. (ASAM PPC-2R). Chevy Chase, MD American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc.;. 2001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.