REFERENCES
- Bolin RR. Psychiatric manifestations of artane toxicity. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1960;131:250–259. [CSA]
- Straussman J. Dealing with double disabilities: alcohol use in the club. Psychosocial Rehabilitation J. 1985;8:8–14. [CSA]
- Barbee JG, Clark PD, Crapanzano MS, Heintz GC, Kehoe CE. Alcohol and substance abuse among schizophrenic patients presenting to an emergency psychiatric service. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1989;177:400–407. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Miller FT, Tannenbaum JH. Drug use in schizophrenia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1989;40:847–849. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Drake RE, Osher FC, Noordsy DL, Hurlbut SC, Teague GB, Beaudett MS. Diagnosis of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1990;16:57–67. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Victor M, Hope JM. The phenomenon of auditory hallucinations in chronic alcoholism. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1958;126:451–481. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Westermeyer J. Folk concepts of mental disorder among the Lao: continuities with similar concepts in other cultures and in psychiatry. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1979;3:301–317. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Westermeyer J, Wintrob R. “Folk” criteria for the diagnosis of mental illness in rural Laos: on being insane in sane places. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136:755–761. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McLellan AT, Druley KA. Non-random relation between drugs of abuse and psychiatric diagnosis. J Psychiatric Res. 1977;13:179–184. [CSA]
- Searles JS, Alterman AI, Purtill JJ. The detection of alcoholism in hospitalized schizophrenics: a comparison of the MAST and the MAC. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990;14:557–560. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Klatte EW, Lipscomb WR, Rozynko VV, Pugh LA. Changing the legal status of mental hospital patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1969;20:199–202. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ridgely SM, Willenbring ML. Application of case management to Drug Abuse treatment: overview of models and research issues. In: Ashery R, ed. Progress and Issues in Case Management. NIDA Research Monograph 127, DHHS Publ. No. (ADM)92-1946. Washington, DC: Supt. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office;1992.
- Hellerstein D, Meehan B. Outpatient group therapy for schizophrenic substance abusers. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144:1337–1339. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Alterman AI, Ayre FR, Williford WO. Diagnostic validation of conjoint schizophrenia and alcoholism. J Clin Psychiatry. 1984;45:300–303. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sellers EM, Sullivan JT, Somer G, Sykora K. Characterization of DSM-III-R criteria for uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal provides an empirical basis for DSM-IV. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:442–447. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Smith CM, Pristach CA. Utility of the Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST) in schizophrenic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990;14:690–694. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Safer DJ. Substance abuse by young chronic patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1987;38:511–514. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yesavage J, Zarcone V. History of drug abuse and dangerous behavior in inpatient schizophrenics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1983;44:260–261. [CSA]
- Westermeyer J, Neider J. Social networks and psychopathology among substance abusers. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:1265–1269. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gut-Fayand A, Dervaux A, Olie JP, Loo H, Poirier ME, Krebs MO. Substance abuse and suicidality in schizophrenia: a common risk factor linked to impulsivity. Psychiatric Research. 2001;102:65–72. [CSA]
- Cantor-Graae E, Nordstrom LG, McNeil TF. Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review of the literature and a study of correlates in Sweden. Schizophr Res. 2001;48:69–82. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hambrecht M, Hafner H. Cannabis, vulnerability, and onset of schizophrenia: an epidemiological perspective. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000;34:468–475. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Westermeyer J, Schneekloth T. Course of substance abuse in patients with and without schizophrenia. Am J Addict. 1999;8:54–63. [CSA]
- Seeman MV. Narratives of twenty- to thirty-year outcomes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry. 1998;61:249–261. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ayuso-Gutierrez JL, DelRio-Vega JM. Factors influencing relapse in the long-term course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1997;28:199–206. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hambrecht M, Hafner H. Substance abuse and the onset of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;40:1155–1163. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Addington J, Addington D. Substance abuse and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1997;22:99–104. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chouljian TL, Shumway M, Balancio E, Dwyer EV, Surber R, Jacobs M. Substance use among schizophrenic outpatients: prevalence, course, and relation to functional status. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1995;7:19–24. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Bartels SJ, Drake RE, Wallach MA. Long-term course of substance use disorders among patients with severe mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 1995;46:248–251. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Zisook S, Heaton R, Moranville J, Kuck J, Jernigan T, Braff D. Past substance abuse and clinical course of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:552–553. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Siris SG, Bermanzohn PC, Mason SE, Shuwall MA. Antidepressants for substance-abusing schizophrenic patients: a mini-review. Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry. 1991;15:1–13. [CSA]
- Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden PJ, Sweeney J, Frances AJ. Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:224–230. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Buhler B, Hambrecht M, Loffler W, AnDerHeiden W, Hafner H. Precipitation and determination of the onset and course of schizophrenia by substance abuse—a retrospective and prospective study of 232 population-based first illness episodes. Schizophr Res. 2002;54:243–251. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Bromet EG, Schwartz JE, Fennig S, , et al. The epidemiology of psychosis: the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. Schizophr Bull. 1992;18:243–255. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, , et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA. 1990;264:2511–2518. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brady K, Casto S, Lydiard RB, Malcolm R, Arana G. Substance abuse in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991;17:389–397. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden P, Sweeney J, Frances A. Acute effects of drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical observations and patients' self reports. Schizophr Bull. 1990;16:69–79. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Krausz M, Verthein U, Degkwitz P. Psychiatric comorbidity in opiate addicts. Addiction Mental Health. 1999;5:55–62. [CSA]
- Mariezcurrena R. Recovery from addictions without treatment: an interview study. Scand J Behav Ther. 1996;25:57–84. [CSA]
- Rounsaville BJ, Anton SF, Carroll K, Budde D, Prusoff BA, Gawin F. Psychiatric diagnoses of treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:43–51. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Smith RC, Infante M, Akeela A, Nigam S, Kotsaftis A. Effects of cigarette smoking on psychopathology scores in patients with schizophrenia: an experimental study. Subst Abuse. 2001;22:175–186. [CSA]
- Havassey BE, Arns PG. Relationship of cocaine and other substance dependence to well-being of high-risk psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49:935–940. [CSA]
- Romasson K, Vaglum P. The role of psychiatric comorbidity in the prediction of readmission for detoxification. Compr Psychiatry. 1998;39:129–136. [CSA]
- Hoffman GW, DiRito DC, McGill EC. Three-month follow-up of 28 dual diagnosis inpatients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1993;19:79–88. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ziedonis DM. Comorbid psychopathology and cocaine addiction. In: Kosten TR, Kleber HD, eds. Clinician's Guide to Cocaine Addiction. New York: Guilford;1992:337–360.
- Bell M, Greig T, Gill P, Whelahan H, Bryson G. Work rehabilitation and patterns of substance use among persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53:63–69. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Bellack AS, DeClemente CC. Treating substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 1999;50:75–80. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rosenheck R, Harkness L, Johnson B, , et al. Intensive community-focused treatment of veterans with dual diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:1429–1433. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mueser KT, Drake RE, Noordsy DL. Integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. Journal of Practical Psychiatry. 1998;4:129–139. [CSA]
- Kofoed L. Outpatient vs. inpatient treatment for the chronically mentally ill with substance use disorders. J Addict Dis. 1993;12:123–137. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ouimette PC, Finney JW, Gima K, Moos RH. A comparative evaluation of substance abuse treatment III: examining mechanisms underlying patient-treatment matching hypotheses for twelve-step and cognitive-behavioral treatments of substance abuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:545–551. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jerrell JM, Ridgely MS. Comparative effectiveness of three approaches to serving people with severe mental illness and substance abuse disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183:566–576. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ziedonis DM, Rayford BS, Bryant KJ, Rounsaville BJ. Psychiatric comorbidity in White and African-American cocaine addicts seeking substance abuse treatment. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1994;45:43–49. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ziedonis DM, Trudeau K. Motivation to quit using substances among individuals with schizophrenia: implications for a motivation-based treatment model. Schizophr Bull. 1997;23:229–238. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brady K, Anton R, Ballenger JC. Cocaine abuse among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:1164–1167. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cuffel BJ. Prevalence of estimates of substance abuse in schizophrenia and their correlates. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180:589–592. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cohen E, Henkin I. Substance abuse and lifestyle among an urban schizophrenic population: some observations. Psychiatry. 1995;58:113–120. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Fowler IL, Carr VJ, Carter NT. Patterns of current and lifetime substance use in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1998;24:443–455. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Frederick J, Cotanch P. Self-help techniques for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1995;16:213–224. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- George TP, Semyak MI, Ziedonis DM. Effects of clozapine on smoking in chronic schizophrenic outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:344–346. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lysaker PH, Bell MD, Milstein RM. Relationship of positive and negative symptoms to cocaine abuse in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;182:109–112. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McEvoy J, Freundenreich O, McGee M. Clozapine decreases smoking in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37:550–552. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mueser KT, Gingerich S. Coping with Schizophrenia. Oakland, Calif: Harbinger Press; 1994.
- O'Malley S, Adamse M, Heaton RK. Neuropsychological impairment in chronic cocaine abuse. Am J Alcohol Drug Abuse. 1992;18:131–144. [CSA]
- Oepen G, Levy R, Saemann R. A neuropsychological perspective on dual diagnosis. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1993;25:129–133. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Seibyl JP, Satel SL, Anthony D, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Charney DS. Effects of cocaine on hospital course in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181:31–37. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Serper MR, Alper M, Richardson NA. Clinical effects of recent cocaine use in patients with acute schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1464–1469. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sevy S, Kay SR, Opler LA. Significance of cocaine history in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;178:642–648. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shaner A, Khalsa MA, Roberts L, Wilkins J, Anglin D, Hsieh SC. Unrecognized cocaine use among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:758–762. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Strakowsky SM, Tohen M, Flaum M. Substance abuse in psychotic disorders: associations with affective syndromes. Schizophr Res. 1994;14:73–81. [CSA]
- Tracy H, Josiassen RC, Bellak AS. Neuropsychology of dual diagnosis: understanding the combined effects of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 1995;15:67–97. [CSA]
- Zaretsky A, Rector NA, Seeman MV. Current cannabis use and Tardive Dyskinesia. Schizophr Res. 1993;11:3–8. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Frith C, Cahill C, Holmes A, Grootoonk S. A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature. 1995;378:176–179. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Negrete JC, Knapp WP, Douglas DE. Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: results of a clinical survey. Psychol Med. 1986;16:515–520. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Swett C. Drowsiness due to chlorpromazine in relation to cigarette smoking. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974;31:211–213. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Breaky WR, Goodell H, Lorenz PC. Hallucinogenic drugs as precipitants of schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1974;4:255–261. [CSA]
- Ingram J. Differential diagnosis: the schizophrenic disorders and the hallucinogens. Psychiatric Forum. 1985;13:47–56. [CSA]
- Jordan LC, Davidson WS, Herman SE, BootsMiller BJ. Involvement in twelve-step programs among persons with dual disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53:894–896. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Drake RE, McHugo GJ, Noordsy DL. Treatment of alcoholism among schizophrenic outpatients: four-year outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:328–329. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Janowsky DS, Davis DM. Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and levamfetamine: effects on schizophrenic symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:304–308. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mueser KT, Yarnold PR, Levinson DF, , et al. Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull. 1990;16:31–56. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brady KT, Lydiard RB. Bipolar affective disorder and substance abuse. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992;12(suppl 1):175–255. [CSA]
- Sonne SC, Brady KT, Morton WA. Substance abuse and bipolar affective disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;182:349–352. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
- Brady K. Cocaine induced psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991;52:509–512. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ridgely MS, Goldman HH, Willenbring M. Barriers to the care of the dually diagnosed: organizational and financing issues. Schizophr Bull. 1990;16:123–132. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ries RK, Ellingson T. A pilot assessment at one month of 17 dual diagnosis patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1990;41:1230–1233. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Drake RE, Essock SM, Shaner A, , et al. Implementing dual diagnosis services for clients with severe mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52:469–476. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Westermeyer J. The psychiatrist and solvent-inhalant abuse: recognition, assessment, and treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144:903–907. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- File SE. The history of benzodiazepine dependence: a review of animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1990;14:135–146. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mueser KT, Drake RE, Wallach M. Dual diagnosis: a review of etiological theories. Addict Behav. 1998;23:317–325. [CSA]
- Benson JI, David JJ. Coffee eating in chronic schizophrenic patients (letter). Am J Psychiatry. 1986;143:940–941. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Leibenluft E, Fiero PL, Bartko JJ, Moul DE, Rosenthal NE. Depressive symptoms and the reported use of alcohol, caffeine, and carbohydrates in normal volunteers and four groups of psychiatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:294–301. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hamara E, Schneider JK, Kraenzle J. Alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine use and symptom distress in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183:559–565. [CSA]
- Sandyk R. Cigarette smoking: effects on cognitive functions and drug-induced Parkinsonism in chronic schizophrenia. Int J Neurosci. 1993;70:193–197. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Conley RR, Kelly DH. Management of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:898–911. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Weller MPI, Ang PC, Latimer-Sayer DT. Substance abuse in schizophrenia. Lancet. 1984;1:563. [CSA]
- Miller WR. Matching individuals with interventions. In: Hester RK, Miller WR, eds. Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches. New York: Pergamon Press;1989:261–272.
- Parker JB, Meller RM, Andrews GW. Major psychiatric disorders masquerading as alcoholism. Southern Medical Journal. 1960;53:560–564. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]