REFERENCES
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameters for the treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(10 Suppl):140S–156S.
- Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2004. NIH Publication No. 05–5725. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2005.
- Weinberg NZ, Rahdert E, Colliver JD, Glanz MD. Adolescent substance abuse: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:252–261.
- Grilo CM, Becker DF, Walker ML, Levy KN, Edell WS, McGlashan TH. Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent inpatients with substance use disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:1085–1091.
- Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR, Klein DN, Gotlib IH. Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder in a community sample: predictors of recurrence in young adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1584–1591.
- Myers MG, Stewart DG, Brown SA. Progression from conduct disorder to antisocial personality disorder following treatment for adolescent substance abuse. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:479–485.
- Rhee SH, Hewitt JK, Young SE, Corley RP, Crowley TJ, Stallings MC. Genetic and environmental influences on substance initiation, use, and problem use in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:1256–1264.
- Guo J, Hill KG, Hawkins D, Catalano RF, Abbott RD. A developmental analysis of sociodemographic, family, and peer effects on adolescent illicit drug initiation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:838–845.
- Clark DB, Lesnick L, Hegedus AM. Traumas and other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:1744–1751.
- Deykin EY, Levy JC, Wells V. Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. Am J Public Health. 1987;76:178–182.
- Kuperman S, Schlosser SS, Kramer JR, , et al. Developmental sequence from disruptive behavior diagnosis to adolescent alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:2022–2026.
- Tapert SF, Baratta MV, Abrantes AM, Brown SA. Attention dysfunction predicts substance involvement in community youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:680–686.
- Reardon SF, Buka SL. Differences in onset and persistence of substance abuse and dependence among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Public Health Rep. 2002;117(Suppl. 1):S51–S59.
- Gottfredson DC, Koper CS. Race and sex differences in the prediction of substance abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64:305–313.
- Windle M. A longitudinal study of antisocial behaviors in early adolescence as predictors of late adolescent substance use: gender and ethnic group differences. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990;99:86–91.
- Kandel DB, Kiros GE, Schaffran C, Hu MC. Racial/ethnic differences in cigarette smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking: a multilevel analysis. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:128–135.
- Bray JH, Adams GJ, Getz JG, McQueen A. Individuation, peers, and adolescent alcohol use: a latent growth analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71:553–564.
- Maddahian E, Newcomb MD, Bentler PM. Risk factors for substance use: ethnic differences among adolescents. J Subst Abuse. 1988;1:11–23.
- Vaccaro D, Wills TA. Stress-coping factors in adolescent substance use: test of ethnic and gender differences in samples of urban adolescents. J Drug Educ. 1998;28:257–282.
- Vega WA, Zimmerman RS, Warheit GJ, Apospori E, Gil AG. Risk factors for early adolescent drug use in four ethnic and racial groups. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:185–189.
- Robbins MS, Kumar S, Walker-Barnes C, Feaster DJ, Briones E, Szapocznik J. Ethnic differences in comorbidity among substance abusing adolescents referred to outpatient therapy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:394–401.
- Bradizza CM, Reifman A, Barnes GM. Social and coping reasons for drinking: predicting alcohol misuse in adolescents. J Stud Alcohol. 1999,60:491–499.
- Turner RJ, Gil AG. Psychiatric and substance use disorders in South Florida: racial/ethnic and gender contrasts in a young adult cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:43–50.
- Pollock NK, Martin CS. Diagnostic orphans: adolescents with alcohol symptoms who do not qualify for DSM-IV abuse or dependence diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:897–901.
- Crowley TJ. Adolescents and substance-related disorders: research agenda to guide decisions on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V). Addiction. 2006;101(Suppl. 1):115–124.
- Harrison PA, Fulkerson JA, Beebe TJ. DSM-IV substance use disorder criteria for adolescents: a critical examination based on a statewide school survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:486–492.
- Wagner EF, Lloyd DA, Gil AG. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the incidence and onset age of DSM-IV alcohol use disorder symptoms among adolescents. J Stud Alcohol. 2002;63:609–619.
- Mayer JE, Filstead WJ. The Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale: an instrument for measuring adolescents' use and misuse of alcohol. J Stud Alcohol. 1979;40:291–300.
- Moberg DP. Identifying adolescents with alcohol problems: a field test of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale. J Stud Alcohol. 1983;44:701–721.
- Martino S, Grilo CM, Fehon DC. Development of the Drug Abuse Screening Test for Adolescents (DAST-A). Addict Behav. 2000;25:57–70.
- Skinner HA. The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addict Behav. 1982;7:363–371.
- Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979.
- Beck AT, Steer RA. Manual for the Revised Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio, Tex.: Psychological Corporation; 1987.
- Steer SA, Beck AT. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory, Hopelessness Scale, Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Intent Scale with adolescents. In: Stiffman AR, Feldman RA, eds. Advances in Adolescent Mental Health. Vol. 3, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press; 1988;219–231.
- Strober M, Green J, Carlson G. Utility of the Beck Depression Inventory with psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1981;49:482–483.
- Plutchik R, van Praag HM. The measurement of suicidality, aggressivity, and impulsivity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1989;13:523–534.
- Grosz DE, Lipschitz DS, Eldar S, , et al. Correlates of violence risk in hospitalized adolescents. Compr Psychiatry. 1994;35:296–300.
- Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.
- Winters NC, Myers K, Proud L. Ten-year review of rating scales, III: scales assessing suicidality, cognitive style, and self-esteem. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:1150–1181.
- Millon T, Millon C, Davis R. Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. Minneapolis, Minn.: National Computer Systems Assessments; 1993.
- Millon T, Davis RD. The Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory and the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. J Couns Dev. 1993;71:570–574.
- Pinto M, Grilo CM. Reliability, diagnostic efficiency, and validity of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory: examination of selected scales in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:1505–1519.
- Velez CN, Ungemack JA. Psychosocial correlates of drug use among Puerto Rican youth: generational status differences. Soc Sci Med. 1995;40:91–103.