20
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REGULAR ARTICLES

Cautionary Guidelines for the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain

, MD, , MD & , MD
Pages 1-4 | Received 01 Apr 2008, Accepted 01 Jun 2008, Published online: 10 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • American Academy of Pain Medicine. The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. A consensus statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society. Clin J Pain. 1997; 13: 6–8
  • Savage S R. Opioid use in the management of chronic pain. Med Clin North Am. 1999; 83: 761–786
  • Rawson R A, Maxwell J, Rutkowski B. OxyContin abuse: Who are the users?. Am J Psychiatry. 2007; 164: 1634–1636
  • Von Korff M, Deyo R A. Potent opioids for chronic musculoskeletal pain: Flying blind?. Pain. 2004; 109: 207–209
  • Martin B I, Deyo R A, Mirza S K, et al. Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems. JAMA. 2008; 299: 656–664
  • Moore T J, Cohen M R, Furberg C D. Serious adverse drug events reported to the food and drug administration, 1998–2005. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1752–1759
  • Streltzer J, Johansen L. Prescription drug dependence and evolving beliefs about chronic pain management. Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 594–598
  • Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006; 10: 287–333
  • Eriksen J, Sjøgren P, Bruera E, Ekholm O, Rasmussen N K. Critical issues on opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: an epidemiological study. Pain. 2006; 125: 172–179
  • Chang G, Chen L, Mao J. Opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91: 199–211
  • Vanderah T W, Suenaga N M, Ossipov M H, Malan T P, Jr, Lai J, Porreca F. Tonic descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced abnormal pain and antinociceptive tolerance. J Neurosci. 2001; 21: 279–286
  • Xie J Y, Herman D S, Stiller C O, et al. Cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance. J Neurosci. 2005; 25: 409–416
  • King T, Gardell L R, Wang R, et al. Role of NK-1 transmission in opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain. 2005; 116: 276–288
  • Watkins L R, Hutchinson M R, Ledeboer A, Wieseler-Frank J, Milligan E D, Maier S F. Glia as the “bad guys”: Implications for improving clinical pain control and the clinical utility of opioids. Brain Behav Immun. 2007; 21: 131–146
  • Doverty M, White J M, Somogyi A A, Bochner F, Ali R, Ling W. Hyperalgesic responses in methadone maintenance patients. Pain. 2001; 90: 91–96
  • Ballantyne J C, Mao J. Opioid therapy for chronic pain. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1943–1953
  • Waddell G, McCulloch J A, Kummel E, et al. Nonorganic physical signs in low back pain. Spine. 1980; 5: 117–125
  • Streltzer J, Eliashof B A, Kline A E, Goebert D. Chronic pain disorder following physical injury. Psychosomatics. 2000; 41: 227–234
  • Katz N, Fanciullo G J. Role of urine toxicology testing in the management of chronic opioid therapy. Clin J Pain 2002; 18(4 Suppl.)S76–82

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.