Socioeconomic Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms in Alcohol Use Disorders Among Male Suicides in South Tirol, Italy

REFERENCES

• Alonso , J , Angermeyer , M C , Bernert , S , Bruffaerts , R , Brugha , T S , Bryson , H , de Girolamo , G , Graaf , R , Demyttenaere , K , Gasquet , I , Haro , J M , Katz , S J , Kessler , R C , Kovess , V , Lepine , J P , Ormel , J , Polidori , G , Russo , L J , Vilagut , G , Almansa , J , Arbabzadeh-Bouchez , S , Autonell , J , Bernal , M , Buist-Bouwman , M A , Codony , M , Domingo-Salvany , A , Ferrer , M , Joo , S S , Martinez-Alonso , M , Matschinger , H , Mazzi , F , Morgan , Z , Morosini , P , Palacin , C , Romera , B , Taub , N and Vollebergh , W A . 2004 . Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project . Acta Psychiatr Scand , : 21 – 7 . Suppl
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piccinelli , M , Pini , S , Bonizzato , P , Paltrinieri , E , Saltini , A , Scantamburlo , L , Bellantuono , C and Tansella , M . “ Results from the Verona Centre ” . In Mental illness in general health care: an international study , Edited by: Ustun , T B and Sartorius , N . 301 – 22 . Chichester : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. . 1995
   Google Scholar
• Faravelli , C , Abrardi , L , Bartolozzi , D , Cecchi , C , Cosci , F , D'Adamo , D , Lo Iacono , B , Ravaldi , C , Scarpato , M A , Truglia , E and Rosi , S . 2004 . The Sesto Fiorentino study: background, methods and preliminary results. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in an Italian community sample using clinical interviewers . Psychother Psychosom , 73 : 216 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faravelli , C , Abrardi , L , Bartolozzi , D , Cecchi , C , Cosci , F , D'Adamo , D , Lo Iacono , B , Ravaldi , C , Scarpato , M A , Truglia , E , Rossi Prodi , P M and Rosi , S . 2004 . The Sesto Fiorentino study: point and one-year prevalences of psychiatric disorders in an Italian community sample using clinical interviewers . Psychother Psychosom , 73 : 226 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , E C and Barraclough , B . 1997 . Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: a meta-analysis . Br J Psychiatry , 170 : 205 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inskip , H M , Harris , E C and Barraclough , B . 1998 . Lifetime risk of suicide for affective disorder, alcoholism and schizophrenia . Br J Psychiatry , 172 : 35 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossow , I and Amundsen , A . 1995 . Alcohol abuse and suicide: a 40-year prospective study of Norwegian conscripts . Addiction , 90 : 685 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , T . 2001 . Dying for a drink. Global suicide prevention should focus more on alcohol use disorders . BMJ , 323 : 817 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , G E , Wetzel , R D , Robins , E and McEvoy , L . 1992 . Multiple risk factors predict suicide in alcoholism . Arch Gen Psychiatry , 49 : 459 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conwell , Y , Duberstein , P R , Cox , C , Herrmann , J H , Forbes , N T and Caine , E D . 1996 . Relationships of age and axis I diagnoses in victims of completed suicide: a psychological autopsy study . Am J Psychiatry , 153 : 1001 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss , U W , Schuckit , M A , Smith , T L , Danko , G P , Buckman , K , Bierut , L , Bucholz , K K , Hesselbrock , M N , Hesselbrock , V M and Reich , T . 2002 . Comparison of 3190 alcohol-dependent individuals with and without suicide attempts . Alcohol Clin Exp Res , 26 : 471 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel , C J , Borges , G L and Wilcox , H C . 2004 . Acute alcohol use and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature . Alcohol Clin Exp Res , 28 : 18S – 28S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolves , K , Varnik , A , Tooding , L M and Wasserman , D . 2006 . The role of alcohol in suicide: a case-control psychological autopsy study . Psychol Med , 36 : 923 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirkola , S P , Isometsa , E T , Heikkinen , M E and Lonnqvist , J K . 2000 . Suicides of alcohol misusers and non-misusers in a nationwide population . Alcohol Alcohol , 35 : 70 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caces , F and Harford , T . 1998 . Time series analysis of alcohol consumption and suicide mortality in the United States, 1934–1987 . J Stud Alcohol , 59 : 455 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pridemore , W A and Chamlin , M B . 2006 . A time-series analysis of the impact of heavy drinking on homicide and suicide mortality in Russia, 1956–2002 . Addiction , 101 : 1719 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razvodovsky , Y E . 2007 . Suicide and alcohol psychoses in Belarus 1970–2005 . Crisis , 28 : 61 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norstrom , T . 1995 . Alcohol and suicide: a comparative analysis of France and Sweden . Addiction , 90 : 1463 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramstedt , M . 2001 . Alcohol and suicide in 14 European countries . Addiction , 96 ( Suppl 1 ) : S59 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Razvodovsky , Y E . 2009 . Beverage-specific alcohol sale and suicide in Russia . Crisis , 30 : 186 – 91 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conner , K R , Beautrais , A L and Conwell , Y . 2003 . Risk factors for suicide and medically serious suicide attempts among alcoholics: analyses of Canterbury Suicide Project data . J Stud Alcohol , 64 : 551 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson , M M , Aro , H M , Marttunen , M J , Heikkinen , M E , Isometsa , E T , Kuoppasalmi , K I and Lonnqvist , J K . 1993 . Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide . Am J Psychiatry , 150 : 935 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beautrais , A L , Joyce , P R , Mulder , R T , Fergusson , D M , Deavoll , B J and Nightingale , S K . 1996 . Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in persons making serious suicide attempts: a case-control study . Am J Psychiatry , 153 : 1009 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berglund , M . 1984 . Suicide in alcoholism: a prospective study of 88 suicides: I. The multidimensional diagnosis at first admission . Arch Gen Psychiatry , 41 : 888 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner , K R and Duberstein , P R . 2004 . Predisposing and precipitating factors for suicide among alcoholics: empirical review and conceptual integration . Alcohol Clin Exp Res , 28 : 6S – 17S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkinen , M E , Aro , H M , Henriksson , M M , Isometsa , E T , Sarna , S J , Kuoppasalmi , K I and Lonnqvist , J K . 1994 . Differences in recent life events between alcoholic and depressive nonalcoholic suicides . Alcohol Clin Exp Res , 18 : 1143 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkinen , M E , Isometsa , E T , Aro , H M , Sarna , S J and Lonnqvist , J K . 1995 . Age-related variation in recent life events preceding suicide . J Nerv Ment Dis , 183 : 325 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brent , D A , Perper , J A , Moritz , G , Baugher , M , Roth , C , Balach , L and Schweers , J . 1993 . Stressful life events, psychopathology, and adolescent suicide: a case control study . Suicide Life Threat Behav , 23 : 179 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marttunen , M J , Aro , H M , Henriksson , M M and Lonnqvist , J K . 1994 . Antisocial behaviour in adolescent suicide . Acta Psychiatr Scand , 89 : 167 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pycha , R , Pompili , M , Innamorati , M , Schwitzer , J , Lester , D , Sani , G , Tatarelli , R and Giupponi , G . 2009 . Sex and ethnic differences among South Tirolean suicides: a psychological autopsy study . Eur Psychiatry , 24 : 47 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini , Y and Hochberg , Y . 1995 . Controlling the False Discovery Rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing . J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol , 57 : 289 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , L A . 1970 . The multivariate analysis of qualitative data: Interactions among multiple classifications . J Am Stat Assoc , 65 : 226 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinberg , S E . 1980 . The analysis of cross-classified categorical data , Cambridge : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duberstein , P R , Conwell , Y and Caine , E D . 1993 . Interpersonal stressors, substance abuse, and suicide . J Nerv Ment Dis , 181 : 80 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich , C L , Fowler , R C , Fogarty , L A and Young , D . 1988 . San Diego Suicide Study. III. Relationships between diagnoses and stressors . Arch Gen Psychiatry , 45 : 589 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , A . 2000 . Relation of family history of suicide to suicide attempts in alcoholics . Am J Psychiatry , 157 : 2050 – 1 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins , E , Gassner , S , Kayes , J , Wilkinson , R H Jr. and Murphy , G E . 1959 . The communication of suicidal intent: a study of 134 consecutive cases of successful (completed) suicide . Am J Psychiatry , 115 : 724 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isometsa , E T , Heikkinen , M E , Marttunen , M J , Henriksson , M M , Aro , H M and Lonnqvist , J K . 1995 . The last appointment before suicide: is suicide intent communicated? . Am J Psychiatry , 152 : 919 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius , J R , Clark , D B , Salloum , I M , Bukstein , O G and Kelly , T M . 2004 . Interventions in suicidal alcoholics . Alcohol Clin Exp Res , 28 : 89S – 96S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beskow , J , Runeson , B and Asgard , U . 1990 . Psychological autopsies: methods and ethics . Suicide Life Threat Behav , 20 : 307 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar