Gender differences in the associations of multiple psychiatric and chronic conditions with major depressive disorder among patients with opioid use disorder

References

• Rosoff DB, Smith GD, Lohoff FW. Prescription opioid use and risk for major depressive disorder and anxiety and stress-related disorders: a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(2):151–60. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, Tulshi D, Saha TD, June Ruan W, Malka Stohl M. Epidemiology of adult DSM-5 major depressive disorder and its specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(4):336–46. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd RA, Aleshire N, Zibbell JE, Gladden RM. Increases in drug and opioid overdose Deaths-United States, 2000-2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;64(50–51):1378–82. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6450a3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Information sheet on opioid overdose. https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/information-sheet/en/. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Flaxman AD, Patten SB, Vos T, Whiteford HA. The epidemiological modelling of major depressive disorder: application for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69637. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Kim YS, Kim DH, Yang TW, Kwon OY. Major depressive disorder in epilepsy clinics: a meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;84:56–69. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.04.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller S, Suppes T, Mintz J, Hellemann G, Frye MA, McElroy SL, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Leverich GS, Grunze H, et al. Mixed depression in bipolar disorder: prevalence rate and clinical correlates during naturalistic follow up in the stanley bipolar network. Am J Psychiatry . 2016;173 (10):1015–23. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postolache TT, Del Bosque-Plata L, Jabbour S, Vergare M, Wu R, Gragnoli C. Co-shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2019; 180(3):186–203. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celano CM, Villegas AC, Albanese AM, Gaggin HK, Huffman JC. Depression and anxiety in heart failure: a review. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2018; 26(4):175–84. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugger G, Dold M, Bartova L, Kautzky A, Souery D, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A, Zohar J, Montgomery S, Frey R, et al. Comorbid hypertension in patients with major depressive disorder - results from a European multicenter study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019; 29(6):777–85. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu EL, Chien IC, Lin CH, Chou YJ, Chou P. Increased risk of hypertension in patients with major depressive disorder: a population-based study. J Psychosom Res. 2012; 73(3):169–74. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosten TR, Graham DP, Nielsen DA. Neurobiology of opioid use disorder and comorbid traumatic brain injury. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(6):642–8. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkerson RG, Kim HK, Windsor TA, Mareiniss DP. The opioid epidemic in the United States. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016;34(2):e1–e23. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.11.002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Potter JS, Marino EN, Hillhouse MP, Nielsen S, Wiest K, Canamar CP, Martin JA, Ang A, Baker R, Saxon AJ, et al. Buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone maintenance treatment outcomes for opioid analgesic, heroin, and combined users: findings from starting treatment with agonist replacement therapies (START)). J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(4):605–13. doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxon AJ, Ling W, Hillhouse M, Thomas C, Hasson A, Ang A, Doraimani G, Tasissa G, Lokhnygina Y, Leimberger J, et al. Buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone effects on laboratory indices of liver health: A randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;128(1–2):71–6. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthen BDK. A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. Br J Math Stat Psychol. 1985;18(38):171–89.
   Google Scholar
• Aggarwal V, Kosian S. Feature Selection and Dimension Reduction Techniques in SAS, NESUG 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lee S-Y, Poon WY, Bentler PM. A two-stage estimation of structural equation models with continuous and polytomous variables. Br J Math Stat Psychol. 1995;48(2):339–58. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1995.tb01067.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mysels DJ, Cheng WY, Nunes EV, Sullivan MA. The association between naltrexone treatment and symptoms of depression in opioid-dependent patients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011;37(1):22–6. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.540281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pani PP, Vacca R, Trogu E, Amato L, Davoli M. Pharmacological treatment for depression drug opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence. Cochrane Drugs Alcohol Group. 2010;9:cd008373.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 2019. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression.shtml#part_155029. (Accessed 28 January 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Marchand A, Bilodeau J, Demers A, Beauregard N, Durand P, Haines VY. Gendered depression: Vulnerability or exposure to work and family stressors?Soc Sci Med. 2016; 166:160–8. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, Ng F, Henry MJ, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Berk M. Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for major depressive disorder: Population-based study. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 193(4):322–6. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuch JJJ, Roest AM, Nolen WA, Penninx BWJH, de Jonge P. Gender differences in major depressive disorder: results from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2014;156:156–63. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Liu Y, Ouedraogo Y, Wang N, Xie X, Xu C, Luo X. Principal component analysis of early alcohol, drug and tobacco use with major depressive disorder in US adults. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 100:113–20. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piamjariyakul U, Thompson NC, Russell C, Smith CE. The effect of nurse-led group discussions by race on depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2018;47(3):211–5. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins DC, Assari S, Johnson-Lawrence V. Race and ethnic group differences in comorbid major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and chronic medical conditions. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2015;2 (3):385– 94. doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0085-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooker SA, Sherman MD, Lonergan-Cullum M, Sattler A, Liese BS, Justesen K, Nissly T, Levy R. Mental health and psychosocial needs of patients being treated for opioid use disorder in a primary care residency clinic. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020;11:2150132720932017. doi:10.1177/2150132720932017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groen RN, Ryan O, Wigman JTW, Riese H, Penninx BWJH, Giltay EJ, Wichers M, Hartman CA. Comorbidity between depression and anxiety: assessing the role of bridge mental states in dynamic psychological networks. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):308. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01738-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed.Arlington, VA: Author; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Plans L, Barrot C, Nieto E, Rios J, Schulze TG, Papiol S, Mitjans M, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord. 2019;242:111–22. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedi Shargh N, Rostami B, Kosari B, Toosi Z, Majelan GA. Study of relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(3):224–9. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n3p224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laursen TM, Agerbo E, Pedersen CB. Bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia overlap: a new comorbidity index. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(10):1432–8. doi:10.4088/JCP.08m04807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez GH, Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L. Co-occurrence of anxiety and bipolar disorders: clinical and therapeutic overview. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(3):196–206. doi:10.1002/da.22248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguocha C, Aguocha K, Uwakwe R, Onyeama G. Co-morbid anxiety disorders in patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary institution in South East Nigeria: prevalence and correlates. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15(1):137–45. doi:10.4314/ahs.v15i1.19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Ozodiegwu ID, Yu Y, Hess R, Bie R. An association of health behaviors with depression and metabolic risks: Data from 2007 to 2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Affect Disord. 2017;217:190–6. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds R, Dennis S, Hasan I, Slewa J, Chen W, Tian D, Bobba S, Zwar N. A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19(1):11. doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0692-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berry JD, Dyer A, Cai X, Garside DB, Ning H, Thomas A, Greenland P, Van Horn L, Tracy RP, Lloyd-Jones DM. Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(4):321–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1012848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke GM, Genuardi M, Shappell H, D’Agostino RB, Sr, Magnani JW. Temporal associations between smoking and cardiovascular disease, 1971 to 2006 (from the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(10):1787–91. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox LA.Jr. Low-dose nonlinear effects of smoking on coronary heart disease risk. Dose Response. 2012;10(2):219–32. doi:10.2203/dose-response.11-038.Cox.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messner B, Bernhard D. Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(3):509–15. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomeno W, Kawashima K, Yoneda M, Saito S, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Mawatari H, Fujita K, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comorbid with major depressive disorder: The pathological features and poor therapeutic efficacy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 30(6):1009–14. doi:10.1111/jgh.12897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res Health. 2011;34(2):135–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thursz M, Kamath PS, Mathurin P, Szabo G, Shah VH. Alcohol-related liver disease: Areas of consensus, unmet needs and opportunities for further study. J Hepatol. 2019;70(3):521–30. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galicia-Moreno M, Gutierrez-Reyes G. The role of oxidative stress in the development of alcoholic liver disease. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2014;79(2):135–44. doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.06.007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kong LZ, Chandimali N, Han YH, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim SU, Kim TD, Jeong DK, Sun HN, Lee D, et al. Pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and therapeutic management of alcoholic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(11):2712. doi:10.3390/ijms20112712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orman ES, Odena G, Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis, management, and novel targets for therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(Suppl. S1):77–84. doi:10.1111/jgh.12030.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Addolorato G, Mirijello A, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, Landolfi R. Management of alcohol dependence in patients with liver disease. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(4):287–99. doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0043-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Li Y, Chen L, Chen P, Hu Y. Prevalence of depression in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94(31):e1317. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sang PL, In-Kyung S, Jeong HK, Sun-Young L, Hyung SP, Chan SS. The Effect of emotional stress and depression on the prevalence of digestive diseases. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;21(2):273–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus A, Knowles SR, Keefer L, Graff L. Controversies revisited: a systematic review of the comorbidity of depression and anxiety with inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(3):752–62. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg ND, Panenka WJ. Antidepressants for depression after concussion and traumatic brain injury are still best practice. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):100. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2076-9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langdon KJ, Dove K, Ramsey S. Comorbidity of opioid-related and anxiety-related symptoms and disorders. Curr Opin Psychol. 2019;30:17–23. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donroe JH, Bhatraju EP, Tsui JI, Edelman EJ. Identification and management of opioid use disorder in primary care: an update. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(5):23. doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01149-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brackett CD, Duncan M, Wagner JF, Fineberg L, Kraft S. Multidisciplinary treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care using the collaborative care model. Subst Abus. 2021;1–5. doi:10.1080/08897077.2021.1932698.
   Google Scholar
• Brady KT, Haynes LF, Hartwell KJ, Killeen TK. Substance use disorders and anxiety: a treatment challenge for social workers. Soc Work Public Health. 2013;28(3–4):407–23. doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.774675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tofighi B, Williams AR, Chemi C, Suhail-Sindhu S, Dickson V, Lee JD. Patient barriers and facilitators to medications for opioid use disorder in primary care. Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54(14):2409–19. doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1653324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lorent L, Agorastos A, Yassouridis A, Kellner M, Muhtz C. Auricular acupuncture versus progressive muscle relaxation in patients with anxiety disorders or major depressive disorder: a prospective parallel group clinical trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2016;9(4):191–9. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2016.03.008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett K, Manassis K, Duda S, Bagnell A, Bernstein GA, Garland EJ, Miller LD, Newton A, Thabane L, Wilansky P. Treating child and adolescent anxiety effectively: overview of systematic reviews. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;50:80–94. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stonerock GL, Hoffman BM, Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA. Exercise as treatment for anxiety: systematic review and analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2015;49(4):542–56. doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar