Mental health and behavioral problems associated with video game playing among Brazilian adolescents

References

• Webb K. The $120 billion gaming industry is going through more change than it ever has before, and everyone is trying to cash in. Business insider; 2019. https://www.businessinsider.com/video-game-industry-120-billion-future-innovation-2019-9.
   Google Scholar
• Mihara S, Higuchi S. Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;71(7):425–44. doi:10.1111/pcn.12532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prot S, McDonald KA, Anderson CA, Gentile DA. Video games: good, bad, or other?Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012;59(3):647–58. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R, Polat U, Makous W, Bavelier D. Enhancing the contrast sensitivity function through action video game training. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12(5):549–51. doi:10.1038/nn.2296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye MWG, Green CS, Bavelier D. Increasing speed of processing with action video games. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2009;18(6):321–6. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green CS, Bavelier D. Action-video-game experience alters the spatial resolution of vision. Psychol Sci. 2007;18(1):88–94. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01853.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavelier D, Green CS, Han DH, Renshaw PF, Merzenich MM, Gentile DA. Brains on video games. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12(12):763–8. doi:10.1038/nrn3135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson CA, Bushman BJ. Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychol Sci. 2001;12(5):353–9. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A, Götestam KG. Problems with computer games without monetary reward: Similarity to pathological gambling. Psychol Rep. 2004;95(2):641–50. doi:10.2466/pr0.95.2.641-650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pápay O, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Nagygyörgy K, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Felvinczi K, Oláh A, Elekes Z, Demetrovics Z. Psychometric properties of the problematic online gaming questionnaire short-form and prevalence of problematic online gaming in a national sample of adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2013;16(5):340–8. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Männikkö N, Billieux J, Kääriäinen M. Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(4):281–8. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile D. Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: a national study. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(5):594–602. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed; Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th ed; 2018. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/ http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1448597234.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes B, Maia BR, Pontes HM. Internet addiction or problematic internet use? Which term should be used?Psicologia USP. 2019;30:e190020. doi:10.1590/0103-6564e190020.
   Google Scholar
• Rehbein F, Psych G, Kleimann M, Mediasci G, Mößle T. Prevalence and risk factors of video game dependency in adolescence: Results of a German nationwide survey. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010;13(3):269–77. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strittmatter E, Kaess M, Parzer P, Fischer G, Carli V, Hoven CW, Wasserman C, Sarchiapone M, Durkee T, Apter A, et al. Pathological Internet use among adolescents: Comparing gamers and non-gamers. Psychiatry Res. 2015;228(1):128–35. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reer F, Festl R, Quandt T. Investigating problematic social media and game use in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and younger adults. Behav Inf Technol. 2021;40(8):776–89. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2020.1724333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festl R, Scharkow M, Quandt T. Problematic computer game use among adolescents, younger and older adults. Addiction. 2013;108(3):592–9. doi:10.1111/add.12016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grüsser SM, Thalemann R, Griffiths MD. Excessive computer game playing: Evidence for addiction and aggression?Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(2):290–2. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9956.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychol. 2009;12(1):77–95. doi:10.1080/15213260802669458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo D, Potenza MN. Video-gaming among high school students: Health correlates, gender differences, and problematic gaming. Pediatrics. 2010;126(6):e1414–e1424. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choo H, Gentile D, Sim T, Li DD, Khoo A, Liau A. Pathological video-gaming among Singaporean youth. Ann Acad Med. 2010;39(11):822–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mentzoni RA, Brunborg GS, Molde H, Myrseth H, Skouverøe KJM, Hetland J, Pallesen S. Problematic video game use: Estimated prevalence and associations with mental and physical health. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14(10):591–6. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király O, Griffiths MD, Urbán R, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Elekes Z, Tamás D, Demetrovics Z. Problematic Internet use and problematic online gaming are not the same: Findings from a large nationally representative adolescent sample. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(12):749–54. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehbein F, Kliem S, Baier D, Mößle T, Petry NM. Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in German adolescents: Diagnostic contribution of the nine DSM-5 criteria in a state-wide representative sample . Addiction. 2015;110(5):842–51. doi:10.1111/add.12849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coëffec A, Romo L, Cheze N, Riazuelo H, Plantey S, Kotbagi G, Kern L. Early substance consumption and problematic use of video games in adolescence. Front Psychol. 2015;6:501. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen M, Meilstrup CR, Bendtsen P, Pedersen TP, Nielsen L, Madsen KR, Holstein BE. Perceived problems with computer gaming and Internet use are associated with poorer social relations in adolescence. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(2):179–88. doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0633-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreier M, Wölfling K, Duven E, Giralt S, Beutel ME, Müller KW. Free-to-play: About addicted Whales, at risk Dolphins and healthy Minnows. Monetarization design and internet gaming disorder. Addict Behav. 2017;64:328–33. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller KW, Janikian M, Dreier M, Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Tzavara C, Richardson C, Tsitsika A. Regular gaming behavior and internet gaming disorder in European adolescents: Results from a cross-national representative survey of prevalence, predictors, and psychopathological correlates. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;24(5):565–74. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0611-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Problematic online gaming. In: Rosenberg K, Feder L, editors. Behavioral addictions: Criteria, evidence and treatment. New York, NY: Elsevier, 2014. p. 61–97. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00004-5.
   Google Scholar
• Henrique A. 2021. Mercado de jogos no Brasil atingirá US$2 bilhões em 2021. Olhar Digital. https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/05/05/games-e-consoles/mercado-de-jogos-no-brasil-2021-pesquisa/.
   Google Scholar
• Weustink J. Brazilian games market consumer insights: Brazil’s mobile players are likelier to play competitive & midcore games. Newzoo; 2020. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/brazilian-games-market-consumer-insights-brazils-mobile-players-are-likelier-to-play-competitive-midcore-games/.
   Google Scholar
• Reiss F. Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2013;90:24–31. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreeft PVD, Wiborg G, Galanti MR, Siliquini R, Bohrn K, Scatigna M, Lindahl A-M, Melero JC, Vassara M, Faggiano F. Unplugged’: A new European school programme against substance abuse. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 2009;16(2):167–81. doi:10.1080/09687630701731189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez ZM, Valente JY, Galvão PP, Gubert FA, Melo MHS, Caetano SC, Mari JJ, Cogo-Moreira H. A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the school-based drug prevention program #Tamojunto2.0. Addiction. 2021;116(6):1580–92. doi:10.1111/add.15358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donner A, Klar N. Design and analysis of cluster randomization trials in Health Research. London, England: Arnold Publishers; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez ZM, Valente JY, Pereira APD, Cogo-Moreira H, Melo MHS, Caetano SC, Mari JJ. Effectiveness evaluation of the school-based drug prevention program #Tamojunto2.0: Protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7090-9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faggiano F, Galanti MR, Bohrn K. EUDAP–European drug addiction prevention trial. Policy. 2008;16:167–81.
   Google Scholar
• Prado MC, de O, Schneider DR, Sañudo A, Pereira APD, Horr JF, Sanchez ZM. Transcultural adaptation of questionnaire to evaluate drug use among students: The use of the EU-Dap European questionnaire in Brazil. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(4):449–58. doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1117108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlini ELA, Noto AR, Sanchez ZM, Carlini CMA, Locatelli DP, Abeid LR. VI Levantamento Nacional sobre o Consumo de Drogas Psicotrópicas entre Estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Médio das Redes Pública e Privada de Ensino nas 27 Capitais Brasileiras – 2010/ E. A. Carlini (supervisão) [et al.]. São Paulo: CEBRID - Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas; Psicotrópicas: UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2010. 503 p.
   Google Scholar
• IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH. The SCOFF questionnaire: Assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 1999;319(7223):1467–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solberg ME, Olweus D. Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggr Behav. 2003;29(3):239–68. doi:10.1002/ab.10047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleitlich B, Cortázar PG, Goodman R. Questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (SDQ). Infanto Rev. neuropsiquiatr. infanc. adolesc. 2000;8(1):44–50.
   Google Scholar
• Galvão PP, de O, Valente JY, Millon JN, Melo MHS, Caetano SC, Cogo-Moreira H, Mari JJ, Sanchez ZM. Validation of a tool to evaluate drug prevention programs among students. Front Psychol. 2021;12:678091. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olweus D. School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:751–80. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABEP Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil; 2016. http://www.abep.org.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman R. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Child Psychol Psychiatr Allied Discipl. 1997;38(5):581–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2013; vol. 398.
   Google Scholar
• Lemmens JS, Bushman BJ, Konijn EA. The appeal of violent video games to lower educated aggressive adolescent boys from two countries. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(5):638–41. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.638.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson CJ, Colwell J. A meaner, more callous digital world for youth? The relationship between violent digital games, motivation, bullying, and civic behavior among children. Psychol Popular Media Cult. 2018;7(3):202–15. doi:10.1037/ppm0000128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Gault M. I’m gaming my way through quarantine—and that’s nothing to feel guilty about. TIME; 2020. https://time.com/5824415/video-games-quarantine/.
   Google Scholar
• Mamiit A. Steam breaks concurrent player record as gamers stay indoors due to coronavirus. Digital Trends; 2020. https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/steam-new-concurrent-player-record-20-million/.
   Google Scholar
• Owen P. 2020. 15 chill video games for your coronavirus quarantine. The Wrap. https://www.thewrap.com/15-relaxing-chill-video-games-for-your-coronavirus-covid-19-quarantine/.
   Google Scholar