Endnotes
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- Becker , Lee B. 1979 . “Measurement of Gratifications,” . Communication Research , 6 : 71
- Lasswell , Harold D. 1948 . “The Structure and Function of Communication in Society,” . In The Communication of Ideas , Edited by: Bryson , Lyson . 37 – 51 . New York : Harper .
- McLeod , Jack M. and Becker , Lee B. 1974 . “Testing the Validity of Gratification Measures Through Political Effects Analysis,” . In The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research , Edited by: Blumler , Jay G. and Katz , Elihu . 142 Beverly Hills , Calif. : Sage .
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- Milbrath , Lester W. 1965 . Political Participation , Chicago : Rand McNally .
- Verba , Sidney and Nie , Norman H. 1972 . Participation in America: Social Equality and Political Democracy , New York : Harper and Row .
- Wenner , Lawrence A. 1977 . “Political News on Television: A Uses and Gratifications Study” . 57 – 109 . University of Iowa . (unpubl. Ph.D. diss.
- Campbell , Angus , Gurin , Gerald and Miller , Warren E. 1954 . The Voter Decides , 187 – 189 . Evanston , Ill. : Row, Peterson, and Co. .
- Agger , Robert E. , Goldstein , Marshall N. and Pearl , Stanley A. 1961 . “Political Cynicism: Measurement and Meaning,” . Journal of Politics , 23 : 477 – 506 .
- FACTOR . 1975 . SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Nie , Norman H. , Hull , C. Hadlai , Jenkins , Jean G. , Steinbrenner , Karin and Bent , Dale H. New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Horton , Donald and Wohl , R. Richard . 1956 . “Mass Communication and Para‐Social Interaction,” . Psychiatry , 19 : 256
- Becker . “Measurement,” . 71
- Hyman , Herbert H. and Sheatsley , Paul B. 1971 . “Some Reasons Why Information Campaigns Fail,” . In The Process and Effects of Mass Communication , Edited by: Schramm , Wilbur and Roberts , Donald F. 448 – 466 . Urbana , Ill. : University of Illinois Press .
- Palmgreen , Philip , Wenner , Lawrence A. and Rayburn , J. D. II . 1980 . “Relations Between Gratifications Sought and Obtained: A Study of Television News,” . Communication Research , 7 : 168 – 169 .
- McQuail , Denis , Blumler , Jay G. and Brown , J. R. 1972 . “The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective,” . In Sociology of Mass Communications , Edited by: McQuail , Denis . 158 Harmondsworth , , England : Penguin .