Disclosure as social exchange: Anticipated length of relationship, sex roles, and disclosure intimacy

Endnotes

• Toffler , A. 1970 . Future Shock , 97 New York : Bantam .
   Google Scholar
• Altman , I. and Taylor , D. A. 1973 . Social Penetration: The Development and Dissolution of Interpersonal Relationships , New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , C. R. and Calabrese , R. J. 1975 . “Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Communication,” . Human Communication Research , 1 : 99 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Duckro , R. , Duckro , P. and Beal , D. 1976 . “Relationship of Self‐Disclosure and Mental Health in Black Females,” . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 44 : 940
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper , C. L. and Bowles , D. 1973 . “Physical Encounter and Self‐Disclosure,” . Psychological Reports , 33 : 451 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. W. and Noonan , M. P. 1972 . “Effects of Acceptance and Reciprocation of Self‐Disclosures on the Development of Trust,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 19 : 411 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. A. 1968 . “The Development of Interpersonal Relationships: Social Penetration Processes,” . Journal of Social Psychology , 75 : 79 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watzlawick , P. , Beavin , J. H. and Jackson , D. D. 1967 . Pragmatics of Human Communication , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Cline , R. J. 1983 . “Relational Approach and Avoidance: The Negotiation of Intimacy,” . Ekistics: The Problems and Science of Human Settlements , 302 : 355 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Homans , G. C. 1961 . Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms , 62 New York : Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Acosta , F. X. and Sheehan , J. G. 1978 . “Self‐Disclosure in Relation to Psychotherapist Expertise and Ethnicity,” . American Journal of Community Psychology , 6 : 545 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , J. D. 1977 . “Effects of Communication about Interpersonal Process on the Evolution of Self‐Disclosure in Dyads,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 33 : 1146 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Cline , R. J. 1982 . “Revealing and Relating: A Review of Self‐Disclosure Theory and Research,” . ICA convention . May 1982 , Boston.
   Google Scholar
• LeVine , E. and Franco , J. N. 1981 . “A Reassessment of Self‐Disclosure Patterns among Anglo‐Americans and Hispanics,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 28 : 522 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeForest , C. and Stone , G. L. 1980 . “Effects of Sex and Intimacy Level on Self‐Disclosure,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 27 : 93 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , J. D. 1978 . “When Boy Meets Girl: Sex Roles and the Negotiation of Intimacy in an Acquaintance Exercise,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 684 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Kelley , F. R. and Schuldt , W. J. 1981 . “Self‐Disclosure as a Function of Experimenter's Self‐Disclosure, Experimenter's Sex and Subject's Sex,” . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 52 : 557 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , Z. 1975 . “Disclosing Oneself to a Stranger: Reciprocity and Its Limits,” . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 11 : 233 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , Z. 1976 . “Naturalistic Studies of Self‐Disclosure,” . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 2 : 260 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , M. A. and Spencer , G. P. 1977 . “Effect of Interviewer Self‐Disclosure and Interviewer‐Subject Sex Pairing on Perceived and Actual Subject Behavior,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 24 : 383 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman‐Graff , M. A. 1977 . “Interviewer Use of Positive and Negative Self‐Disclosure and Interviewer‐Subject Sex Pairing,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 24 : 184 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Dimond , R. E. and Munz , D. C. 1967 . “Ordinal Position of Birth and Self‐Disclosure in High School Students,” . Psychological Reports , 21 : 829 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jourard , S. M. 1971 . “Some Personality Factors in Self‐Disclosure,” . In Self‐Disclosure: An Experimental Analysis of the Transparent Self , 73 – 76 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , D. M. 1970 . “A TST Based Technique for the Study of Self‐Disclosure,” . Sociological Quarterly , 11 : 556 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigel , R. G. , Weigel , V. M. and Chadwick , P. C. 1969 . “Reported and Projected Self‐Disclosure,” . Psychological Reports , 24 : 283 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiebe , B. and Scott , T. B. 1976 . “Self‐Disclosure Patterns of Mennonite Adolescents to Parents and Their Perceived Relationships,” . Psychological Reports , 39 : 355 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woolfolk , A. E. 1979 . “Self‐Disclosure in the Classroom: Experimental Study,” . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 4 : 132 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Dimond , R. E. and Hellkamp , K. T. 1967 . “Race, Sex, Ordinal Position of Birth and Self‐Disclosure in High School Students,” . Psychological Reports , 21 : 829 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulcahy , G. A. 1973 . “Sex Differences in Self‐Disclosure among Adolescents: A Developmental Perspective,” . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 2 : 343 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlowe , D. , Gergen , K. and Doob , A. 1966 . “Opponents’ Personality, Expectation of Social Interaction, and Interpersonal Bargaining,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 3 : 206 – 13 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simmel , G. 1950 . The Psychology of Georg Simmel , Edited by: Wolff , K. H. New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thibaut , J. W. and Kelley , H. H. 1959 . The Social Psychology of Groups , New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Darley , J.M. and Berscheid , E. 1967 . “Increased Liking as a Result of the Anticipation of Personal Contact,” . Human Relations , 20 : 29 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesler , C. A. , Kiesler , S. B. and Pallak , M. S. 1967 . “The Effect of Commitment to Future Interaction on Reactions to Norm Violations,” . Journal of Personality , 35 : 585 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gergen , K. J. and Wishnov , B. 1965 . “Others’ Self‐Evaluation and Interaction Anticipation as Determinants of Self‐Presentation,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2 : 348 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. A. and Altman , I. 1975 . “Self‐Disclosure as a Function of Reward‐Cost Outcomes,” . Sociometry , 8 : 18 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , J. , Fuehrer , A. and Childs , L. 1980 . “Gender Differences in Self‐Disclosure to Various Target Persons,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 27 : 192 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockard , J. and Johnson , M. M. 1980 . Sex Roles: Sex Inequality and Sex Role Development , 14 – 18 . Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Chafetz , J. S. 1978 . Masculine/Feminine or Human? , 176 – 77 . Ithaca, Ill. : F. E. Peacock .
   Google Scholar
• Chelune , G. J. 1976 . “Reactions to Male and Female Disclosure at Two Levels” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 34 : 1000 – 3 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelune , G. J. 1976 . “The Self‐Disclosure Situations Survey: A New Approach to Measuring Self‐Disclosure,” . Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology , 6 : 111 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Chelune , G. J. 1977 . “Disclosure Flexibility and Social‐Situation Perceptions” . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 : 1139 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horonstein , D. and Gilbert , S. J. 1976 . “Anxiety, Likeability and Avoidance as Responses to Self‐Disclosing Communication,” . Small Group Behavior , 7 : 423 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Kowitt , M. R. and Garske , J. P. 1978 . “Modality, Self‐Disclosure, and Gender as Determinants of Psychotherapeutic Attraction,” . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 173 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenfeld , L. B. 1979 . “Self‐Disclosure Avoidance: Why Am I Afraid to Tell You Who I Am? . Communication Monographs , 46 : 63 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardo , J. P. and Berzonsky , M. D. 1970 . “Sex Differences in Self‐Disclosure During an Interview,” . Journal of Social Psychology , 107 : 281 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , L. S. and Wright , P. H. 1976 . “Self‐Disclosure in Friendship,” . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 42 : 735 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West , L. W. 1979 . “Sex Differences in the Exercise of Circumspection in Self‐Disclosure Among Adolescents,” . Psychological Reports , 26 : 226
   Google Scholar
• Henley , N. M. 1977 . Body Politics , Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Cline , R. J. 1983 . “The Effects of Sex and Gender on Self‐Reported and Behavioral Intimacy and Control of Self‐Disclosure,” . Eastern Communication Association convention . April 1983 , Ocean City.
   Google Scholar
• Greenblatt , L. , Hasenauer , J. E. and Freimuth , V. S. 1980 . “Psychological Sex Type and Androgyny in the Study of Communication Variables: Self‐Disclosure and Communication Apprehension,” . Human Communication Research , 6 : 117 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , J. C. 1980 . “Sex Roles and Self‐Disclosure,” . Psychological Reports , 47 : 640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes , J. , Fuehrer , A. and Childs , L. 1975 . “Gender Differences in Self‐Disclosure to Various Target Persons,” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 22 : 288 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , J. D. 1976 . “Self‐Disclosure in an Acquaintance Exercise: Responsibility for Level of Intimacy,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 33 : 787 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. A. and Altman , A. 1966 . “Intimacy‐Scaled Stimuli for Use in Studies in Interpersonal Relations,” . Psychological Reports , 19 : 729 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. A. and Altman , I. 1966 . Intimacy‐Scaled Stimuli for Use in Studies of Interpersonal Relationships , Report #9 Bethesda, Md. : Naval Medical Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Nie , N. H. , Hull , C. H. , Jenkins , J. G. , Steinbrenner , K. and Bent , B. H. 1975 . Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, , 2nd ed. , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Winer , B. J. 1971 . Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, , 2nd ed. , 208 – 9 . New York : McGraw‐Hill Book Company .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , R. E. 1968 . Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences , 74 Belmont, Calif. : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , See J. 1977 . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, , 2nd ed. , 27 – 40 . 82 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cline , R. J. 1984 . “Gender and Geography: Sex Differences in Spatial Pattern Preferences,” . Southern Speech Communication Journal , 49 : 380 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , G. 1975 . “Social Class and Psychiatric Disturbance Among Women in an Urban Population,” . Sociology , 9 : 225 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Weissmann , M. M. and Paykel , E. S. 1974 . The Depressed Woman , Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yachnes , E. 1973 . “The Myth of Masculinity: A Panel,” . American Journal of Psychoanalysis , 33 : 1 58
   Google Scholar
• Yarburg , B. and Arafat , I. 1975 . “Current Sex Role Conceptions and Conflict,” . Sex Roles , 1 : 2
   Google Scholar