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Original Articles

Consummatory versus justificatory crisis rhetoric

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Pages 307-324 | Published online: 06 Jun 2009

Endnotes

  • Abel , Elie . 1966 . The Missile Crisis , Philadelphia : Lippincott .
  • Bass , Herbert J. , ed. 1964 . America's Entry into World War I , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
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  • Edelman , Murray . 1977 . Political Language , New York : Academic Press .
  • Cherwitz , Richard A. 1978 . “Lyndon Johnson and the “Crisis’ of Tonkin Gulf: A President's Justification for War,” . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 42 : 93 – 104 .
  • Hahn , Dan F. 1980 . “Corrupt Rhetoric: President Ford and the “Mayaguez’ Affair,” . Communication Quarterly , 28.2 : 38 – 43 .
  • Pratt , James W. 1970 . “An Analysis of Crisis Speeches,” . Western Journal of Speech , 34 : 194 – 202 .
  • Windt , Theodore Otto Jr. 1973 . “The Presidency and Speeches of International Crises: Repeating the Rhetorical Past,” . Speaker and Gavel , 11 : 6 – 14 .
  • Vatz , Richard E. 1973 . “The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation,” . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 6 : 154 – 161 .
  • Arnold , Carroll C. 1974 . Criticism of Oral Rhetoric , 9 – 10 . Columbus , Ohio : Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co. .
  • Gaines , Robert N. 1979 . “Doing By Saying: Toward a Theory of Perlocution,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 65 : 207 – 17 .
  • Reagan , Ronald . 1983 . “Address to the Nation,” . Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents , 20 October : 1199 – 1202 .
  • Carter , Jimmy . 1981 . “Iranian Situation and United States Energy Conservation,” . In Public Papers of the President , 2132 – 2135 . U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • 1981 . “The President's News Conference of November 28, 1979,” . In Public Papers of the President , 2167 – 2173 . U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Ford , Gerald R. 1975 . “Text of a letter to the Speaker and the President Pro Tem,” . In Public Papers of the President , 669 – 670 . U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Kennedy , John F. 1980 . “The Cuban Missile Crisis,” . In Presidential Rhetoric: 1961‐1980 , Edited by: Windt , Theodore . 36 – 40 . Dubu‐que , Iowa : Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. .
  • Johnson , Lyndon B. “War: The Gulf of Tonkin,” . In Presidential Rhetoric: 1961‐1980 Edited by: Windt , Theodore . 65
  • Carter . “Iranian Situation and United States Energy Conservation” . 2132
  • Reagan . “Address to the Nation” . 1201
  • Kennedy . “The Cuban Missile Crisis” . 38
  • Johnson . “War: The Gulf of Tonkin” . 65
  • Ford . “Text of a Letter Sent to the Speaker and the President Pro Tem” . 669
  • Carter , Jimmy . “The President's News Conference of November 28, 1979” . 2167 – 68 .
  • Carter . “The President's News Conference” . 2167
  • Carter . “Iranian Situation” . 2134
  • Carter . “Iranian Situation” . 2132 – 2135 .
  • Carter . “Iranian Situation” . 2133
  • Carter . “Iranian Situation” . 2133
  • Carter . “The President's News Conference” . 2168
  • Carter . “The President's News Conference” . 2168
  • Steele , Ronald . 1963 . Pax Americana , New York : Viking Press .
  • Carter . “The President's News Conference” . 2167
  • Wander , Philip K. 1984 . “The Rhetoric of American Foreign Policy,” . The Quarterly Journal of Speech , 70 : 342
  • Ivie , Robert L. 1984 . “Speaking “Common Sense’ about the Soviet Threat,” . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 48 : 45 – 46 .
  • Ivie , Robert L. 1974 . “Presidential Motives for War,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 60 : 337 – 345 .
  • Ivie , Robert L. 1980 . “Images of Savagery in American Justifications for War,” . Communication Monographs , 47 : 279 – 294 .
  • Pipes , Daniel . “Undeclared War,” . New Republic , 19 7 & 14 Jan. : 12 – 14 .
  • Bernstein , Barton and Matusow , Allen , eds. 1972 . Twentieth Century America; Recent Interpretations , New York : Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovich .
  • Kennan , George . 1967 . George Kennan Memoirs: 1925‐1950 , New York : Pantheon Books .
  • Walcott , John . 1983 . “Why Reagan's Hands Are Tied,” . Newsweek , 12 Sept. : 30
  • Wander . “ The Rhetoric of American Foreign Policy,” . In Twentieth Century America: Recent Interpretations Edited by: Bernstein and Matusow .
  • Windt . “ The Presidency and Speeches of International Crises” . 8
  • Windt . “The Presidency and Speeches of International Crises” . 8
  • Cronin , Thomas E. 1970 . The Textbook Presidency and Political Science,” . 66th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association . Sept. 7‐12 1970 , Los Angeles . pp. 5

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