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Original Articles

In defense of the realm: Financing loyalist terrorism in Northern Ireland—part one: Extortion and blackmail

Pages 331-361 | Received 11 Mar 1998, Accepted 15 Apr 1998, Published online: 09 Jan 2008

Notes

  • O'Neill , Paul . 1994 . “Seven arrested in Irish and UK police raids on alleged IRA dens,” . Irish Times , 20 September
  • Sutton , Malcolm . 1994 . An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, 1969–1993 , Belfast : Beyond the Pale Publications .
  • Bruce , Steve . 1992 . The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Cusack , Jim and Taylor , Max . 1993 . “The Resurgence of a Terrorist Organization— Part 1: The UDA, a Case Study,” . Terrorism and Political Violence , 5 : 1 – 27 .
  • Cusack , Jim and McDonald , Henry . 1997 . UVF , Dublin : Poolbeg Press .
  • Cusack , Jim . 1988 . “British plan new police powers on terrorist funds,” . Irish Times , 6 May : 1
  • Shaw , Helen . 1987 . “Mawhinney ‘declares war’ on paramilitary rackets,” . Irish Times , 21 August
  • Cassidy , John . 1993 . “Networks of terror,” . Sunday Life , 28 November : 10
  • 1994 . “Terror gangs take to crime,” . Newsletter , 23 August : 5
  • Templeton , Darwin . 1996 . “Terror bosses feel the pinch,” . Sunday Life , 21 April : 12
  • Horgan , John , Taylor , Max and Cusack , Jim . “The Green Card: Financing the Provisional IRA—Part 1,” . Terrorism and Political Violence , (forthcoming).
  • Carolan , Mary and Graham , Barbara . 1994 . “Violence costs £475m a year,” . Irish News , 12 February : 3
  • 1994 . “Terror bill hits £103m last year,” . Ulster News Letter , 19 January : 6
  • Hendersen , Ian . 1996 . “At last the world wants to know about us,” . Business News Letter Review 1995 , January : 14 – 15 .
  • McDonnell , Francess . 1996 . “Tourism picks up the pieces,” . Irish News , 16 June : 6
  • McDonnell , Francess . 1996 . “Peace needed for tourism to flourish,” . Irish News , 17 October : 7
  • 1996 . “Tourism under threat,” . News Letter , 10 October : 9
  • Atkinson , Rick . 1994 . Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War , 493 London : Harper Collins .
  • 1995 . “Police step up crime battle,” . News Letter , 5 June : 1 – 2 .
  • Cassidy , John . 1994 . “Sniffing out the forgers,” . Sunday Life , 9 August : 14
  • Murray , Alan . 1996 . “Loyalist quizzed in racketeering probe,” . Sunday Life , 4 January : 9
  • Murray , Alan . 1996 . “RUC to take over secret cash unit,” . Sunday Life , 11 February : 19
  • 1996 . “RUC to control hunt for terrorist cash,” . Irish News , 23 August : 13
  • 1994 . “The trail of terrorist guns,” . Sunday Life , 17 April : 38 – 39 .
  • Sullivan , Richard . 1993 . “Gun runners set up in MI6 sting,” . Ulster News Letter , 25 November : 8 – 9 .
  • Grattan , Gary . 1994 . “Roots of the killer gangs,” . Belfast Telegraph , 14 October : 5
  • 1994 . “Truce may bring crime explosion,” . Sunday Life , 4 September : 5
  • Cassidy , John . 1996 . “Police arrest Provo in tax dodge probe,” . Sunday Life , 22 September : 11
  • Cassidy , John and Murray , Alan . 1996 . “UDA cash drive spiked,” . Sunday Life , 24 March : 4
  • 1995 . “Rackets net cash as crime spirals,” . News Letter , 5 June : 5
  • Thornton , Chris . 1996 . “Police tackle ‘dirty business’,” . News Letter , 24 April : 5
  • Murray , Alan . 1996 . “Loyalist gang wars reach boiling point,” . Sunday Life , 19 May : 14
  • McFaul , Anna‐Marie . 1996 . “Police trap caught UVF blackmailers in the act,” . Irish News , 13 January : 3
  • 1995 . “Loyalists sentenced in cash for terror case,” . News Letter , 23 June : 8
  • O'Neill , Brenda . 1996 . “Feud theory in loyalist murder,” . News Letter , 23 March : 5
  • 1996 . “Pub shooting victim buried,” . News Letter , 26 March : 13
  • Cassidy , John . 1996 . “Feud fight victim still in a coma,” . Sunday Life , 12 May : 13
  • 1996 . “Loyalist feud leads to brawl,” . Sunday Life , 17 November : 8
  • 1996 . “Threats ‘stopped building’,” . News Letter , 17 August : 7
  • Templeton , Darwin . 1996 . “Racketeers bled me dry,” . Sunday Life , 29 September : 17
  • 1996 . “Leading the fight back against intimidation,” . Sunday Life , 29 September : 17
  • Cassidy , John . 1996 . “Loyalists call on police to probe extortion claim,” . Sunday Life , 17 March : 16
  • 1995 . “Loyalists split over extortion,” . News Letter , 10 December : 12
  • Bruce , Steve . 1992 . The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland , 248 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Sutton , Malcolm . 1994 . An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, 1969–1993 , Belfast : Beyond the Pale Publications .
  • 1995 . “Rackets net cash as crime spirals,” . News Letter , 5 June : 5
  • 1994 . “Judge rejects bail bid by alleged UDA racketeer,” . Irish News , 30 March : 5
  • 1997 . “UDA targets businesses,” . Sunday Life , 6 April : 13
  • Anderson , Brendan . 1997 . “'Brave’ security man praised in blackmail case,” . Irish News , 6 March
  • McKay , Neil . 1994 . “UVF orders protection money from taxi firms,” . Irish News , 4 August : 5
  • 1995 . “Rackets net cash as crime spirals,” . News Letter , 5 June : 5
  • 1995 . “Ex‐DUP councillor in terror charge trial,” . News Letter , 14 January : 2
  • 1995 . “Four jailed after bid to extort cash,” . News Letter , 11 March : 5
  • 1995 . “Blackmailer jailed,” . News Letter , 4 July : 7
  • 1996 . “Loyalist gangs threaten house building firms,” . News Letter , 28 August : 12
  • McAleer , Phelim . 1994 . “UVF threat delivered as minister was due,” . Irish News , 10 November
  • Dillon , Martin . 1992 . Stone Cold , 127 – 130 . London : Hutchinson .
  • 1989 . “Builder says he paid over £28,000 to UDA members,” . Irish Times , 7 October
  • 1995 . “Lord Mayor lashes racketeers,” . News Letter , 11 July : 7
  • Bell , Stephanie . 1996 . “Building targeted in racketeering outrage,” . Sunday Life , 22 September : 17
  • Moore , Steven . 1996 . “Provos ‘lean on’ firms to fill their coffers,” . News Letter , 22 July : 5
  • Templeton , Darwin . 1996 . “Loyalist mobsters sentence florist to death,” . Sunday Life , 15 December : 4
  • Cassidy , John and Gordon , Stephen . 1996 . “Woman burnt as gang torches shop,” . Sunday Life , 22 September : 3
  • 1997 . ‘"£5,000 or we'll burn wife and daughter’,” . News Letter , 25 January : 3
  • 1987 . “TV programme makers threatened,” . Irish Times , 19 August
  • 1995 . “Farmer loses £1/4m in ‘sting’,” . News Letter , 18 January : 4
  • 1994 . “Farmer loses £1/4m in ‘sting'”; “Restaurant praised by blackmail case judge,” . Irish News , 19 February : 7
  • 1994 . “Bail refused for man in ‘UDA’ protection case,” . Irish News , 22 March : 10
  • Smith , David . 1996 . “Unholy Peace,” . Sunday Times , 7 January : 14 – 21 .
  • Silke , Andrew . “The lords of discipline: The methods and motives of paramilitary vigilantism in Northern Ireland,” . Law Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement , (forthcoming).
  • Taylor , Maxwell and Quayle , Ethel . 1994 . Terrorist Lives , 49 London : Brassey's .
  • 1994 . “Court told of terror pay‐offs,” . Ulster News Letter , 10 February : 5
  • Horgan , John and Taylor , Max . 1997 . “The Provisional Irish Republican Army: Command and Functional Structure,” . Terrorism and Political Violence , 9 : 1 – 32 .
  • Thornton , Chris . 1996 . “Godfathers get less terror cash,” . News Letter , 25 April
  • 1996 . “New law aimed at pockets of criminals,” . News Letter , 28 August : 12
  • 1992 . “RUC studies documents seized in loyalist areas,” . Irish Times , 29 October
  • Tsouras , Peter , ed. 1992 . Warriors’ Words , 241 London : Cassel Arms and Armour .
  • Tsouras , ed. Warriors’ Words 106
  • Templeton , Darwin . 1995 . “RUC lifts the lid on racketeering,” . Belfast Telegraph , 12 October

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