REFERENCES
- Kjøller M, Rasmussen N K. Sundhed og sygelighed i Danmark 2000. … & udviklingen siden 1987. Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, København 2002
- Mense S, Simons D G. Muscle Pain. Understanding its Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2001
- Gracely R H. Studies of pain in human subjects. Textbook of Pain, 4th ed, P D Wall, R Melzack. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1999
- Graven-Nielsen T. Fundamentals of muscle pain, referred pain, and deep tissue hyperalgesia. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35(Suppl 122)1–43
- Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Induction and assessment of experimental muscle pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 1995; 5: 131–140
- Lewis T. Pain in muscular ischemia. Arch Int Med 1932; 49: 713–727
- Graven-Nielsen T, Jansson Y, Segerdahl M, Kristensen J D, Mense S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Sollevi A. Experimental pain by ischaemic contractions compared with pain by intramuscular infusions of adenosine and hypertonic saline. Eur J Pain 2003; 7: 93–102
- O'Connor P J, Cook D B. Moderate-intensity muscle pain can be produced and sustained during cycle ergometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1046–1051
- Slater H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Wright A, Graven-Nielsen T. Sensory and motor effects of experimental muscle pain in patients with lateral epicondylalgia and controls with delayed onset muscle soreness. Pain 2005; 114: 118–130
- Howell J N, Chleboun G, Conatser R. Muscle stiffness, strength loss, swelling and soreness following exercise-induced injury in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 1993; 464: 183–196
- Svensson P, Houe L, Arendt-Nielsen L. Effect of systemic versus topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postexercise jaw-muscle soreness: A placebo-controlled study. J Orofac Pain 1997; 11: 353–362
- Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Gerber A, Arendt-Nielsen L. Remifentanil inhibits muscular more than cutaneous pain in humans. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85: 529–532
- Graven-Nielsen T, Mense S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Painful and non-painful pressure sensations from human skeletal muscle. Exp Brain Res 2004; 159: 273–283
- Polianskis R, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Pressure-pain function in desensitized and hypersensitized muscle and skin assessed by cuff algometry. J Pain 2002; 3: 28–37
- Kellgren J H. Observations on referred pain arising from muscle. Clin Sci 1938; 3: 175–190
- Svendsen O, Edwards C N, Lauritzen B, Rasmussen A D. Intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline: In vitro and in vivo muscle tissue toxicity and spinal neurone c-fos expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 97: 52–57
- Schumacher M A, Jong B E, Frey S L, Sudanagunta S P, Capra N F, Levine J D. The stretch-inactivated channel, a vanilloid receptor variant, is expressed in small-diameter sensory neurons in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2000; 287: 215–218
- Tegeder I, Zimmermann J, Meller S T, Geisslinger G. Release of algesic substances in human experimental muscle pain. Inflamm Res 2002; 51: 393–402
- Ernberg M, Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Alstergren P, Kopp S. The level of serotonin in the superficial masseter muscle in relation to local pain and allodynia. Life Sci 1999; 65: 313–325
- Rosendal L, Larsson B, Kristiansen J, Peolsson M, Søgaard K, Kjær M, Sørensen J, Gerdle B. Increase in muscle nociceptive substances and anaerobic metabolism in patients with trapezius myalgia: Microdialysis in rest and during exercise. Pain 2004; 112: 324–334
- Shah J P, Phillips T M, Danoff J V, Gerber L H. An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1977–1984
- Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P, Jensen T S. Experimental muscle pain: A quantitative study of local and referred pain in humans following injection of hypertonic saline. J Musculoske Pain 1997; 5: 49–69
- Marchettini P, Simone D A, Caputi G, Ochoa J L. Pain from excitation of identified muscle nociceptors in humans. Brain Res 1996; 740: 109–116
- Cairns B E, Hu J W, Arendt-Nielsen L, Sessle B J, Svensson P. Sex-related differences in human pain and rat afferent discharge evoked by injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle. J Neurophysiol 2001; 86: 782–791
- Cairns B E, Svensson P, Wang K, Hupfeld S, Graven-Nielsen T, Sessle B J, Berde C B, Arendt-Nielsen L. Activation of peripheral NMDA receptors contributes to human pain and rat afferent discharges evoked by injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90: 2098–2105
- Svensson P, Cairns B E, Wang K, Hu J W, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Sessle B J. Glutamate-evoked pain and mechanical allodynia in the human masseter muscle. Pain 2003; 101: 221–227
- Jones A, Frandsen A MS, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Zachariae R. Gender differences in the association between dispositional anxiety and subjective pain response to experimental muscle pain. XX vs XY 2005; 3: 1–6
- Lindahl O. Experimental muscle pain produced by chemical stimulus. Acta Orthop Scand 1970; 40: 741–750
- Steen K H, Wegner H, Meller S T. Analgesic profile of peroral and topical ketoprofen upon low pH-induced muscle pain. Pain 2001; 93: 23–33
- Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P, Jensen T S. Stimulus-response functions in areas with experimentally induced referred muscle pain—a psychophysical study. Brain Res 1997; 744: 121–128
- Rossi A, Decchi B. Changes in Ib heteronymous inhibition to soleus motoneurones during cutaneous and muscle nociceptive stimulation in humans. Brain Res 1997; 774: 55–61
- Hoheisel U, Reinöhl J, Unger T, Mense S. Acidic pH and capsaicin activate mechanosensitive group IV muscle receptors in the rat. Pain 2004; 110: 149–157
- Mense S. Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain. Pain 1993; 54: 241–289
- Babenko V, Graven-Nielsen T, Svensson P, Drewes A M, Jensen T S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Experimental human muscle pain induced by intramuscular injections of bradykinin, serotonin, and substance P. Eur J Pain 1999; 3: 93–102
- Jensen K, Tuxen C, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Jansen I, Olesen J. Pain and tenderness in human temporal muscle induced by bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Peptides 1990; 11: 1127–1132
- Babenko V, Graven-Nielsen T, Svensson P, Drewes A M, Jensen T S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Experimental human muscle pain and muscular hyperalgesia induced by combinations of serotonin and bradykinin. Pain 1999; 82: 1–8
- Mørk H, Ashina M, Bendtsen L, Olesen J, Jensen R. Experimental muscle pain and tenderness following infusion of endogenous substances in humans. Eur J Pain 2003; 7: 145–153
- Witting N, Svensson P, Gottrup H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Jensen T S. Intramuscular and intradermal injection of capsaicin: –A comparison of local and referred pain. Pain 2000; 84: 407–412
- Andersen H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Graven-Nielsen T. Pressure pain sensitivity and hardness along human normal and sensitized muscle. Somatosens Mot Res 2006; 23: 97–109
- Simons D G, Travell J G, Simons L. Myofascial pain and dysfunction. The trigger point manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 1999
- Barlas P, Walsh D M, Baxter G D, Allen J M. Delayed onset muscle soreness: Effect of an ischaemic block upon mechanical allodynia in humans. Pain 2000; 87: 221–225
- Svensson P, Cairns B E, Wang K, Arendt-Nielsen L. Injection of nerve growth factor into human masseter muscle evokes long-lasting mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Pain 2003; 104: 241–247
- Sörensen J, Graven-Nielsen T, Henriksson K G, Bengtsson M, Arendt-Nielsen L. Hyperexcitability in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 152–155
- Wright A, Graven-Nielsen T, Davies I I, Arendt-Nielsen L. Temporal summation of pain from skin, muscle and joint following nociceptive ultrasonic stimulation in humans. Exp Brain Res 2002; 144: 475–482
- Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P, Jensen T S. Quantification of local and referred muscle pain in humans after sequential i.m. injections of hypertonic saline. Pain 1997; 69: 111–117
- Nie H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Andersen H, Graven-Nielsen T. Temporal summation of pain evoked by mechanical stimulation in deep and superficial tissue. J Pain 2005; 6: 348–355
- Staud R, Cannon R C, Mauderli A P, Robinson M E, Price D D, Vierck C J, Jr. Temporal summation of pain from mechanical stimulation of muscle tissue in normal controls and subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2003; 102: 87–95
- Nie H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Madeleine P, Graven-Nielsen T. Enhanced temporal summation of pressure pain in the trapezius muscle after delayed onset muscle soreness. Exp Brain Res 2006; 170: 182–190
- Banic B, Petersen-Felix S, Andersen O K, Radanov B P, Villiger P M, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M. Evidence for spinal cord hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury and in fibromyalgia. Pain 2004; 107: 7–15
- Laursen R J, Graven-Nielsen T, Jensen T S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Quantification of local and referred pain in humans induced by intramuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Pain 1997; 1: 105–113
- Gibson W, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Referred pain and hyperalgesia in human tendon and muscle belly tissue. Pain 2006; 120: 113–123
- Schulte H, Graven-Nielsen T, Sollevi A, Jansson Y, Arendt-Nielsen L, Segerdahl M. Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic muscle pain by morphine, alfentanil and ketamine in healthy volunteers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47: 1020–1030
- Graven-Nielsen T, Kendall S A, Henriksson K G, Bengtsson M, Sörensen J, Johnson A, Gerdle B, Arendt-Nielsen L. Ketamine reduces muscle pain, temporal summation, and referred pain in fibromyalgia patients. Pain 2000; 85: 483–491
- Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Central sensitization in fibromyalgia and other musculoskeletal disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003; 7: 355–361
- Stohler C S, Zhang X, Lund J P. The effect of experimental jaw muscle pain on postural muscle activity. Pain 1996; 66: 215–221
- Svensson P, Graven-Nielsen T, Matre D, Arendt-Nielsen L. Experimental muscle pain does not cause long-lasting increases in resting electromyographic activity. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21: 1382–1389
- Graven-Nielsen T, Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Effects of experimental muscle pain on muscle activity and coordination during static and dynamic motor function. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 105: 156–164
- Graven-Nielsen T, Lund H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Bliddal H. Inhibition of maximal voluntary contraction force by experimental muscle pain: A centrally mediated mechanism. Muscle Nerve 2002; 26: 708–712
- Bäckman E, Bengtsson A, Bengtsson M, Lennmarken C, Henriksson K G. Skeletal muscle function in primary fibromyalgia. Effect of regional sympathetic blockade with guanethidine. Acta Neurol Scand 1988; 77: 187–191
- Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T, Svarrer H, Svensson P. The influence of low back pain on muscle activity and coordination during gait: A clinical and experimental study. Pain 1996; 64: 231–240
- Farina D, Arendt-Nielsen L, Merletti R, Graven-Nielsen T. Effect of experimental muscle pain on motor unit firing rate and conduction velocity. J Neurophysiol 2004; 91: 1250–1259
- Ciubotariu A, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. The influence of muscle pain and fatigue on the activity of synergistic muscles of the leg. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 604–614
- Falla D, Farina D, Dahl M K, Graven-Nielsen T. Muscle pain induces task-dependent changes in cervical agonist/antagonist activity. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102: 601–609
- Madeleine P, Leclerc F, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ravier P, Farina D. Experimental muscle pain changes the spatial distribution of upper trapezius muscle activity during sustained contraction. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117: 2436–2445
- James C, Sacco P, Jones D A. Loss of power during fatigue of human leg muscles. J Physiol (Lond) 1995; 484(1)237–246
- Ciubotariu A, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Localized muscle pain causes prolonged recovery after fatiguing isometric contractions. Exp Brain Res 2007; 181(1)147–158
- Ahern D K, Follick M J, Council J R, Laser-Wolston N, Litchman H. Comparison of lumbar paravertebral EMG patterns in chronic low back pain patients and non-patient controls. Pain 1988; 34: 153–160
- Lund J P, Stohler C S, Widmer C G. The relationship between pain and muscle activity in fibromyalgia and similar conditions. Progress in Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain, H Værøy, H Merskey. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1993
- Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Houe L. Sensory-motor interactions of human experimental unilateral jaw muscle pain: A quantitative analysis. Pain 1996; 64: 241–249
- Ervilha U F, Arendt-Nielsen L, Duarte M, Graven-Nielsen T. Effect of load level and muscle pain intensity on the motor control of elbow-flexion movements. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92: 168–175
- Falla D, Farina D, Graven-Nielsen T. Experimental muscle pain results in reorganization of coordination among trapezius muscle subdivisions during repetitive shoulder flexion. Exp Brain Res 2007; 178: 385–393
- Henriksen M, Alkjaer T, Lund H, Simonsen E B, Graven-Nielsen T, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bliddal H. Experimental quadriceps muscle pain impairs knee joint control during walking. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103(1)132–139
- Madeleine P, Lundager B, Voigt M, Arendt-Nielsen L. Shoulder muscle co-ordination during chronic and acute experimental neck-shoulder pain. An occupational pain study. Eur J Appl Physiol 1999; 79: 127–140
- Veiersted K B, Westgaard R H, Andersen P. Electromyographic evaluation of muscular work pattern as a predictor of trapezius myalgia. Scand J Environ Health 1993; 19: 284–290
- Madeleine P, Lundager B, Voigt M, Arendt-Nielsen L. The effects of neck-shoulder pain development on sensory-motor interactions among female workers in the poultry and fish industries. A prospective study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003; 76: 39–49
- Travell J G, Rinzler S, Herman M. Pain and disability of the shoulder and arm. JAMA 1942; 120: 417–422
- Cohen M J. Psychophysiological studies of headache: Is there similarity between migraine and muscle contraction headaches?. Headache 1978; 18: 189–196
- Johansson H, Sojka P. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in genesis and spread of muscular tension in occupational muscle pain and in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes: A hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses 1991; 35: 196–203