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Original Articles

The irrelevance of negative campaigns to political trust: Experimental and survey results

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Pages 25-40 | Published online: 04 May 2010

Notes

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  • Ginsberg , Benjamin . 1982 . Consequences of Consent: Elections, Citizen Control, and Popular Acquiescence , New York : Random House .
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  • Berelson , Bernard F. , Lazarsfeld , Paul F. and McPhee , William N. 1954 . Voting , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
  • Patterson , Thomas E. and McClure , Robert D. 1973 . Political Advertising: Voter Reaction to Televised Political Commercials , Princeton, NJ : Citizens’ Research Foundation .
  • Markus , Gregory B. and Converse , Philip E. 1979 . “A Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Model of Electoral Choice” . American Political Science Review , 73 December : 1055 – 70 .
  • Page , Benjamin I. and Jones , Calvin C. 1979 . “Reciprocal Effects of Policy Preferences, Party Loyalties and the Vote” . American Political Science Review , 73 December : 1071 – 89 .
  • Fenno , Richard F. Jr. 1978 . Home Style: House Members in Their Districts , 151 Boston : Little, Brown .
  • Sears , David O. , Tyler , Tom R. , Citrin , Jack and Kinder , Donald R. 1978 . “Political System Support and Public Response to the Energy Crisis” . American Journal of Political Science , 22 February : 56 – 82 .
  • Fenno . Home Style , 168
  • Lau , Richard R. 1985 . “Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior” . American Journal of Political Science , 29 February : 119 – 138 .
  • Stewart , Charles J. 1975 . “Voter Perceptions of Mudslinging in Political Communications” . Central States Speech Journal , 26 Winter : 279 – 86 .
  • Garramone , Gina M. 1985 . “Effects of Negative Political Advertising: The Roles of Sponsor and Rebuttal” . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronics Media , 29 Spring : 147 – 59 .
  • Garramone , Gina M. 1984 . “Voter Responses to Negative Political Ads” . Journalism Quarterly , 61 Summer : 250 – 59 .
  • Surlin , Stuart H. and Gordon , Thomas F. 1977 . “How Values Affect Attitudes toward Direct Reference Political Advertising” . Journalism Quarterly , 54 Spring : 89 – 98 .
  • Garramone . “Effects of Negative Political Advertising” . 152 – 53 .
  • Craig , Stephen C. and Niemi , Richard G. 1988 . “Political Efficacy and Trust: Results from the 1987 NES Pilot Study” . paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association . April 1988 , Chicago.
  • Shingles , Richard D. 1988 . “Dimensions of Subjective Political Efficacy and Political Trust: their Meaning, Measurement, and Significance. A Report on the 1987 NES Pilot Study” . paper also presented at the MPSA Annual Meeting . 1988 .
  • 1988 . “Mud in Your Eye: A Nasty Race Trips Up Pundits and Turns Off Voters” . Newsweek , Oct. 31
  • Fiorina , Morris P. 1981 . Retrospective Voting in American National Elections , 56 – 62 . New Haven : Yale University Press .
  • Erikson , Robert S. 1989 . “Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote” . American Political Science Review , 83 June : 567 – 73 .

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