Characterisation of work-hardening in Hadfield steel using non-destructive eddy current method

References

• Srivastava AK, Das K. Microstructural characterization of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel. J Mater Sci. 2008;43(16):5654–5658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghaddam E, Varahram N, Davami P. On the comparison of microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of high-vanadium austenitic manganese steels with the Hadfield steel. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012;532:260–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman I, Sehitoglu H, Chumlyakov YI, et al. Extrinsic stacking faults and twinning in Hadfield manganese steel single crystals. Scr Mater. 2001;44(2):337–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayraktar E, Khalid FA, Levaillant C. Deformation and fracture behaviour of high manganese austenitic steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2004;147(2):145–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson B, Ridley N. On dislocation accumulation and work hardening in Hadfield steel. Scr Mater. 2006;55(4):299–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki T, Watanabe K, Nohara K, et al. Physical and mechanical properties of high manganese non-magnetic steel and its application to various products for commercial use. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 1982;22(12):1010–1020.
   Google Scholar
• Martín M, Raposo M, Druker A, et al. Influence of pearlite formation on the ductility response of commercial Hadfield steel. Metall Microstruct Anal. 2016;5(6):505–511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corporation SM. Inconel alloy 625. Special metals. (SMC‐063). Huntington, USA: Inconel alloy 625. Special Metals Corporation (SMC-063); 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Metals AAS. Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), ASM material data sheet. Florida, USA: ASM Aerospace Specification Metals Inc.; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Metals AAS. Aluminium 6061-t6; 6061-t651. ASM material data sheet. Florida, USA: ASM Aerospace Specification Metals Inc.; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Efstathiou C, Sehitoglu H. Strain hardening and heterogeneous deformation during twinning in Hadfield steel. Acta Materialia. 2010;58(5):1479–1488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi M, Kheirandish S, Kharrazi Y, et al. On the comparison of the abrasive wear behavior of aluminum alloyed and standard Hadfield steels. Wear. 2010;268(1–2):202–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracke L, Kestens L, Penning J. Direct observation of the twinning mechanism in an austenitic Fe–mn–C steel. Scr Mater. 2009;61(2):220–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadinc D, Efstathiou C, Sehitoglu H. On the negative strain rate sensitivity of Hadfield steel. Scr Mater. 2008;59(10):1103–1106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding H, Ding H, Song D, et al. Strain hardening behavior of a TRIP/TWIP steel with 18.8% Mn. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528(3):868–873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouaziz O, Allain S, Scott C, et al. High manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels: A review of the microstructure properties relationships. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2011;15(4):141–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chumlyakov YI, Kireeva I, Litvinova E, et al., eds.. High-strength single crystals of austenitic stainless steels with nitrogen content: mechanisms of deformation and fracture. Mater Sci Forum. 1999;318:395–400..
   Google Scholar
• Adler P, Olson G, Owen W. Strain hardening of Hadfield manganese steel. Metall Mater Trans A. 1986;17(10):1725–1737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastur Y, Leslie W. Mechanism of work hardening in Hadfield manganese steel. Metall Trans A. 1981;12(5):749–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan K, Sastri A, Marcinkowski M. Nature of the work-hardening behavior in hadfields manganese steel. Trans Met Soc AIME. 1969;245(7):1569–1575.
   Google Scholar
• Owen W, Grujicic M. Strain aging of austenitic Hadfield manganese steel. Acta Materialia. 1998;47(1):111–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman I, Sehitoglu H, Gall K, et al. On the deformation mechanisms in single crystal Hadfield manganese steels. Scr Mater. 1998;38(6):1009–1015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman I, Sehitoglu H, Gall K, et al. Deformation of single crystal Hadfield steel by twinning and slip. Acta Materialia. 2000;48(6):1345–1359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman I, Sehitoglu H, Beaudoin A, et al. Modeling the deformation behavior of Hadfield steel single and polycrystals due to twinning and slip. Acta Materialia. 2000;48(9):2031–2047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian L, Feng X, Zhang F. Deformed microstructure and hardness of Hadfield high manganese steel. Mater Trans. 2011;52(8):1623–1628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashefi M, Kahrobaee S, Nateq MH. On the relationship of magnetic response to microstructure in cast iron and steel parts. J Mater Eng Perform. 2012;21(7):1520–1525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashmi J, Khan M, Khan M, et al. Evaluation of eddy current signatures for predicting different heat treatment effects in chromium–vanadium (CrV) spring steel. Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, part L. J Mater Design Appl. 2017;231(3):259–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruch M, Cosarinsky G, Kopp M, et al. Non-destructive characterisation of laser hardened steels. Part 2: metallography and residual stresses. Insight-Non-Destructive Test Condition Monit. 2017;59(6):311–317.
   Google Scholar
• Cosarinsky G, Kopp M, Rabung M, et al. Non-destructive characterisation of laser-hardened steels. Insight-Non-Destructive Test Condition Monit. 2014;56(10):553–559.
   Google Scholar
• Amiri MS, Kashefi M. Application of eddy current nondestructive method for determination of surface carbon content in carburized steels. NDT E Int. 2009;42(7):618–621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashefi M, Kahrobaee S. Dual-frequency approach to assess surface hardened layer using NDE technology. J Mater Eng Perform. 2013;22(4):1108–1112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’sullivan D, Cotterell M, Meszaros I. The characterisation of work-hardened austenitic stainless steel by NDT micro-magnetic techniques. NDT E Int. 2004;37(4):265–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu K, Zhao Z, Zhang Z. Eddy current assessment of the cold rolled deformation behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel. J Mater Eng Perform. 2012;21(8):1772–1776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan S, Ali F, Khan AN, et al. Eddy current detection of changes in stainless steel after cold reduction. Comput Mater Sci. 2008;43(4):623–628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaira M, Guy P, Courbon J, et al. Monitoring of martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel 304 L by eddy currents. Res Nondestr Eval. 2010;21(2):112–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astudillo MRN, Nicolás MN, Ruzzante J, et al. Correlation between martensitic phase transformation and magnetic Barkhausen noise of AISI 304 steel. Procedia Mater Sci. 2015;9:435–443.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent A, Pasco L, Morin M, et al. Magnetic Barkhausen noise from strain-induced martensite during low cycle fatigue of 304L austenitic stainless steel. Acta Materialia. 2005;53(17):4579–4591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haušild P, Kolařík K, Karlík M. Characterization of strain-induced martensitic transformation in A301 stainless steel by Barkhausen noise measurement. Mater Des. 2013;44:548–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savin A, Fava J, Spinosa C, et al. Study of the reverse martensitic transformation using non-destructive electromagnetic and materials characterization techniques. Electromagn Nondestr Eval (XX). 2017;42:67.
   Google Scholar
• Fava J, Spinosa C, Ruch M, et al. Characterization of reverse martensitic transformation in cold-rolled austenitic 316 stainless steel. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro). 2018;23(2).
   Google Scholar
• Ruch M, Fava J, Spinosa C, et al., eds. Characterization of cold rolling-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels. Proceedings of the 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016; Munich, Germany; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Sahebalam A, Kashefi M, Kahrobaee S. Comparative study of eddy current and Barkhausen noise methods in microstructural assessment of heat treated steel parts. Case Stud NondestrTest Eval. 2014;29(3):208–218.
   Google Scholar
• Kahrobaee S, Kashefi M. Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation of tempering process in AISI D2 tool steel. J Magn Magn Mater. 2015;382:359–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgari S, El-Danaf E, Kalidindi SR, et al. Strain hardening regimes and microstructural evolution during large strain compression of low stacking fault energy fcc alloys that form deformation twins. Metall Mater Trans A. 1997;28(9):1781–1795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalidindi SR. Modeling the strain hardening response of low SFE FCC alloys. Int J Plast. 1998;14(12):1265–1277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouaziz O, Guelton N. Modelling of TWIP effect on work-hardening. Mater Sci Eng A. 2001;319:246–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanei S, Kashefi M, Mazinani M. Eddy current nondestructive evaluation of dual phase steel. Mater Des. 2013;50:491–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahrobaee S, Haghighi MS, Akhlaghi IA. Improving nondestructive characterization of dual phase steels using data fusion. J Magn Magn Mater. 2018;458:317–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolfaei M, Shen J, Smith A, et al. Non-destructive measurement of microstructure and tensile strength in varying thickness commercial DP steel strip using an EM sensor. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;473:477–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shull PJ. Nondestructive evaluation: theory, techniques, and applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Hagemaier DJ, Hagemaier DJ. Fundamentals of eddy current testing. American Society for Nondestructive Testing. Columbus, OH: ASNT; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM E1004-09. Standard test method for determining electrical conductivity using the electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) method. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International; 2009.
   Google Scholar