Comparison between air-coupled ultrasonic testing and active thermography for defect identification in composite materials

References

• Harper P, Hallett S, Fleming A, et al. Marine applications of advanced fibre-reinforced composites. Cambridge (UK): Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Elsevier; 2016. DOI:10.1016/B978-1-78242-250-1.00009-0
   Google Scholar
• Rudd C. Composites for automotive applications. Rapra Review Reports; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Mangalgiri PD. Composite materials for aerospace applications. Bull Mater Sci. 1999;22:657–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkington M, Bloom D, Ward C, et al. Hand layup: understanding the manual process. Adv Manuf Polym Compos Sci. 2015;1:138–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams RD, Cawley P. Defect types and non-destructive testing techniques for composites and bonded joints. Constr Build Mater. 1989;3:170–183.
   Google Scholar
• Döring J, Bovtun V, Gaal M, et al. Piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects in ferroelectret ultrasonic transducers. J Appl Phys. 2012;112:084505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanabria SJ, Mueller C, Neuenschwander J, et al. Air-coupled ultrasound as an accurate and reproducible method for bonding assessment of glued timber. Wood Sci Technol. 2011;45:645–659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu DK, Kommareddy V, Barnard DJ et al. Aerospace NDT using piezoceramic air-coupled transducers. Proceedings of the 16th WCNDT; Aug 30 – Sep 3; Montreal (Canada); 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Álvarez-Arenas TJ, Camacho J. Air-coupled and resonant pulse-echo ultrasonic technique. Sensors. 2019;19:2221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quattrocchi A, Freni F,Montanini R. Air-coupled ultrasonic testing to estimate internal defects in composite panels used for boats and luxury yachts. Int J Interact Des Manuf. 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12008-019-00611-5
   Google Scholar
• Peters J. Non-contact inspection of composites using air-coupled ultrasound. AIP Conf Proc. 2003;657:973–980.
   Google Scholar
• Farinas MD, Alvarez-Arenas TEG, Aguado EC, et al. Non-contact ultrasonic inspection of CFRP prepregs for aeronautical applications during lay-up fabrication. Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasounds Symposium (IUS); July 21–25; Prague (Czech Republic); 2013. p. 1590–1593. DOI:10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0405
   Google Scholar
• Imielińska K, Castaings M, Wojtyra R, et al. Air-coupled ultrasonic C-scan technique in impact response testing of carbon fibre and hybrid: glass, carbon and Kevlar/epoxy composites. J Mater Process Technol. 2004;157:513–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Zhou Z. Air-coupled ultrasonic signal processing method for detection of lamination defects in molded composites. J Nondestruct Eval. 2017;36:1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanini R, Quattrocchi A, Piccolo SA. Active thermography and post-processing image enhancement for recovering of abraded and paint-covered alphanumeric identification marks. Infrared Phys Technol. 2016;78:24–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanini R. Quantitative determination of subsurface defects in a reference specimen made of Plexiglas by means of lock-in and pulse phase infrared thermography. Infrared Phys Technol. 2010;53:363–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanini R, Freni F. Non-destructive evaluation of thick glass fiber-reinforced composites by means of optically excited lock-in thermography. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2012;43:2075–2082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas K, Siddiqui AO, Lahiri J. Thermographic inspection of composite material. Proceeding of National Seminar on Non-Destructive Evaluation; Dec 7–9; Hyderabad, India; 2006. DOI:10.1016/0963-8695(93)90306-F
   Google Scholar
• Shepard S. Flash thermography of aerospace composites. Proceedings of the IV Conferencia Panamericana de END; Oct; Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2007. DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.01.007
   Google Scholar
• Mulaveesala R, Vaddi SJ, Singh P. Pulse compression approach to infrared nondestructive characterization. Rev Sci Intrum. 2008;79:094901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laureti S, Silipigni G, Senni L, et al. Comparative study between linear and non-linear frequency-modulated pulse-compression thermography. Appl Opt. 2018;57:D32–D39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaiß M, Jank MH, Netzelmann U, et al. Use of thermography and ultrasound for the quality control of SMC lightweight material reinforced by carbon fiber tapes. Procedia CIRP. 2017;62:33–38.
   Google Scholar
• Maierhofer C, Krankenhagen R, Röllig M, et al. Quantification of impact damages in CFRP and GFRP structures with thermography and ultrasonics. Proceedings of the 14th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference; June 25–29; Berlin, Germany; 2018.
   Google Scholar