Protest in electoral autocracies: a new dataset

References

• Banks, A. S., and K. A. Wilson. 2018. Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive. Jerusalem, Israel: Databanks International. https://www.cntsdata.com/
   Google Scholar
• Behrend, J., and L. Whitehead. 2016. Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beissinger, M. R. 2007. “Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: the Diffusion of Bulldozer/Rose/Orange/Tulip Revolutions.” Perspectives on Politics 4 (2): 259–276.
   Google Scholar
• Beissinger, M. R. 2013. “The Semblance of Democratic Revolution: Coalitions in Ukraine’s Orange Revolution.” The American Political Science Review 107 (3): 574–592. doi:10.1017/S0003055413000294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunce, V., and S. L. Wolchik. 2011. Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Daxecker, U., E. Amicarelly, and A. Jung. 2019. “Electoral Contention and Violence (ECAV): A New Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research. doi:10.1177/0022343318823870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frye, T., and E. Borisova. 2019. “Elections, Protest, and Trust in Government: A Natural Experiment from Russia.” Journal of Politics 81: 820–832. (forthcoming). doi:10.1086/702944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gel’man, V., and C. Ross, eds. 2010. The Politics of Subnational Authoritarianism in Russia. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Gervasoni, C. 2010. “A Rentier Theory of Subnational Regimes: Fiscal Federalism, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in the Argentine Provinces.” World Politics 62 (2): 302–340. doi:10.1017/S0043887110000067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giraudy, A. 2012. “Varieties of Subnational Undemocratic Regimes: Evidence from Argentina and Mexico.” Studies in Comparative International Development 48: 51–80. doi:10.1007/s12116-012-9117-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorokhovskaia, Y. 2017. “Testing for Sources of Electoral Competition under Authoritarianism: an Analysis of Russia’s Gubernatorial Elections.” Post-Soviet Affairs 33 (5): 356–369. doi:10.1080/1060586X.2016.1257843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, S. 2013. “Beyond Bolotnaia.” Problems of Post-Communism 60 (2): 40–52. doi:10.2753/PPC1075-8216600204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, S. A. 2014. Moscow in Movement: Power and Opposition in Putin’s Russia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, A. S., and E. Hern. 2018. “Taking to the Streets: Protest as an Expression of Political Preference in Africa.” Comparative Political Studies 52 (8): 1169–1199. doi:10.1177/0010414018806540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., S. Boranbay-Akan, and L. Huang. 2019. “Media, Protest Diffusion, and Authoritarian Resilience.” Political Science Research and Methods 7 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1017/psrm.2016.25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javeline, D. 2003. “The Role of Blame in Collective Action: Evidence from Russia.” The American Political Science Review 97 (1): 107–121. doi:10.1017/S0003055403000558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javeline, D., and S. Lindemann-Komarova. 2010. “A Balanced Assessment of Russian Civic Society.” Journal of International Affairs 63 (2): 171–188.
   Google Scholar
• King, G., J. Pan, and M. E. Roberts. 2013. “How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression.” American Political Science Review 107 (2): 326–343. doi:10.1017/S0003055413000014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koesel, K. J., and V. J. Bunce. 2013. “Diffusion-Proofing: Russian and Chinese Responses to Waves of Popular Mobilizations against Authoritarian Rulers.” Perspectives on Politics 11 (3): 753–768. doi:10.1017/S1537592713002107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T. 2014. “Daring to Protest: When, Why and How Russia’s Citizens Engage in Street Protest.” In PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo No 333. Washington, DC: New Approaches to Research and Security in Eurasia.
   Google Scholar
• Lankina, T. 2015. “The Dynamics of Regional and National Contentious Politics in Russia: Evidence from a New Dataset.” Problems of Post-Communism 62 (1): 26–44. doi:10.1080/10758216.2015.1002329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., K. Watanabe, and Y. Netesova. 2020. “How Russian Media Control, Manipulate, and Leverage Public Discontent: Framing Protest in Autocracies.” In Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes: Comparing China and Russia, edited by V. Bunce, K. Koesel, and J. C. Weiss. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and A. Libman. 2019. “Soviet Legacies of Economic Development, Oligarchic Rule, and Electoral Quality in Eastern Europe’s Partial Democracies: the Case of Ukraine.” In Comparative Politics. (forthcoming).
   Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., A. Libman, and A. Obydenkova. 2016. “Appropriation and Subversion: Pre-Communist Literacy, Communist Party Saturation, and Post-Communist Democratic Outcomes.” World Politics 68 (2): 229–274. doi:10.1017/S0043887115000428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and A. Savrasov. 2009. “Growing Social Protest in Russia.” Russian Analytical Digest, no. 60, May 19. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/100499/Russian_Analytical_Digest_60.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and A. Voznaya. 2015. “New Data on Protest Trends in Russia’s Regions.” Europe-Asia Studies 67 (2): 327–342. doi:10.1080/09668136.2014.1002696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and K. Watanabe. 2017. “‘russian Spring’ or ‘spring Betrayal’? the Media as a Mirror of Putin’s Evolving Strategy in Ukraine.” Europe-Asia Studies 69 (10): 1526–1556. doi:10.1080/09668136.2017.1397603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and L. Getachew. 2008. “The Virtuous Circles of Western Exposure in Russian Regions: A Case for Micro-Polity Analysis of Democratic Change.” The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 24 (3): 338–364. doi:10.1080/13523270802267872.
   Google Scholar
• Lankina, T., and L. Getachew. 2012. “Mission or Empire, Word or Sword? the Human Capital Legacy in Postcolonial Democratic Development.” American Journal of Political Science 56 (2): 465–483. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00550.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T. V., and L. Getachew. 2006. “A Geographic Incremental Theory of Democratization: Territory, Aid, and Democracy in Post-Communist Regions.” World Politics 58 (4): 536–582. doi:10.1353/wp.2007.0011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankina, T. V., and R. Skovoroda. 2017. “Regional Protest and Electoral Fraud: Evidence from Analysis of New Data on Russian Protest.” East European Politics 33 (2): 253–274. doi:10.1080/21599165.2016.1261018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitsky, S., and D. Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die: What History Reveals about Our Future. London: Viking.
   Google Scholar
• Little, A. T., J. A. Tucker, and L. Tom. 2013. “Elections, Protest, and Alternation of Power.” Journal of Politics 77 (4): 1142–1156. doi:10.1086/682569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorentzen, P. 2013. “Regularizing Rioting: Permitting Protest in an Authoritarian Regime.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 8 (2): 127–158. doi:10.1561/100.00012051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorentzen, P. 2014. “China’s Strategic Censorship.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (2): 402–414. doi:10.1111/ajps.2014.58.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, D. T., and D. A. Krane. 1989. “The Political Economy of Death Squads: toward a Theory of the Impact of State-Sanctioned Terror.” International Studies Quarterly 33 (2): 175–198. doi:10.2307/2600536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, D. 1983. “Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency.” American Sociological Review 48 (6): 735–754. doi:10.2307/2095322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, D. 1996. “The Framing Function of Movement Tactics: Strategic Dramaturgy in the American Civil Rights Movement.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, edited by D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy, and M. N. Zald, 338–356. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McMann, K. M., and N. V. Petrov. 2000. “A Survey of Democracy in Russia’s Regions.” Post-Soviet Geography and Economics 41 (3): 155–182. doi:10.1080/10889388.2000.10641137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, G. 1999. Counterpoints: Selected Essays on Authoritarianism and Democratisation. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
   Google Scholar
• Onuch, O. 2014. Mapping Mass Mobilization: Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina (2001) and Ukraine (2004). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Onuch, O. 2015. “EuroMaidan Protests in Ukraine: Social Media versus Social Networks.” Problems of Post-Communism 62 (4): 217–235. doi:10.1080/10758216.2015.1037676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei, M. 2012. “Is CCP Rule Fragile or Resilient?” Journal of Democracy 23 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. 2013. “Protesting Putinism: the Election Protests of 2011–12 in Broader Perspective.” Problems of Post-Communism 60 (2): 11–23. doi:10.2753/PPC1075-8216600202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. B. 2007. “Strikes and Labor Organization in Hybrid Regimes.” American Political Science Review 101 (4): 781–798. doi:10.1017/S0003055407070475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. B. 2011. The Politics of Protest in Hybrid Regimes: Managing Dissent in Post-communist Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rucht, D., R. Koopmans, and F. Neidhardt. 1999. Acts of Dissent: New Developments in the Study of Protest. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Skovoroda, R., and T. Lankina. 2017. “Fabricating Votes for Putin: New Tests of Fraud and Electoral Manipulations from Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 33 (2): 100–123. doi:10.1080/1060586X.2016.1207988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth, R., A. Sobolev, and I. Soboleva. 2013. “A Well-Organized Play.” Problems of Post-Communism 60 (2): 24–39. doi:10.2753/PPC1075-8216600203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. 1996. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tertytchnaya, K. 2019. “Protests and Voter Defections in Electoral Autocracies: Evidence from Russia.” Comparative Political Studies ( (forthcoming)). doi:10.1177/0010414019843556.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tertytchnaya, K., and T. V. Lankina. 2016. “Whom Do Russian Protesters Blame (and Why It Matters)?” Political Mobilization and Democracy Blog Post, September 20. https://popularmobilization.net/2016/09/20/whom-do-russian-protesters-blame-and-why-it-matters/
   Google Scholar
• Tertytchnaya, K., and T. V. Lankina. 2019. “Electoral Protests and Political Attitudes under Electoral Authoritarianism.” Journal of Politics (forthcoming).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 2004. Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Trejo, G. 2014. “The Ballot and the Street: an Electoral Theory of Social Protest in Autocracies.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (2): 332–352. doi:10.1017/S1537592714000863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, J. A. 2007. “Enough! Electoral Fraud, Collective Action Problems, and Post-Communist Colored Revolutions.” Perspectives on Politics 5 (3): 535–551. doi:10.1017/S1537592707071538.
   Google Scholar
• Weidmann, N. B., and E. G. Rød. 2019. The Internet and Political Protest in Autocracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., and J. Pan. 2019. “CASM: A Deep-Learning Approach for Identifying Collective Action Events with Text and Image Data from Social Media.” Sociological Methodology 1–57. doi:10.1177/0081175019860244.
   Google Scholar
• Zhukov, Y. M., C. Davenport, and N. Kostyuk. 2019. “Introducing xSub: A New Portal for Cross-national Data on Subnational Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 56 (4): 604–614. doi:10.1177/0022343319836697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar