Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 17, 2004 - Issue 4
102
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Associations between self and other representations and posttraumatic adjustment among political prisoners

, &
Pages 421-440 | Received 02 Jan 2001, Accepted 04 Nov 2002, Published online: 25 Jan 2007

References

  • Al-Haq (1988). Punishing a nation: Human rights violations during the Palestinian uprising, December 1987–December 1988. Al-Haq Publications, West Bank, Ramallah.
  • Allodi F Physical and psychiatric effects of torture: Canadian study The Breaking of Bodies and Minds: Torture, Psychiatric Abuses and the Health Professions Stover E., Nightingale E. O. (eds) W. H. Freeman and Co New York 66 78 1985
  • Amnesty International Torture in the Eighties. An Amnesty International Report, Pitman Press London 1984
  • Bartholomew , K and Horowitz , LM . 1991 . Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four category model . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 226 – 244 .
  • Basoglu , M , Paker , M , Paker , Ö. , Özmen , E , Marks , I , Inescu , C , Sahin , D and Sarimurat , N . 1994 . Psychological effects of torture: A comparison of tortured with nontortured political activists in Turkey . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 76 – 81 .
  • Basoglu , M , Paker , M , Özmen , E , Tasdemir , Ö. , Sahin , D , Ceyhan , A , Incesu , C and Sarimurat , N . 1996 . Appraisal of self, social environment, and state authority as a possible mediator of posttaumatic stress disorder in tortured political activists . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 105 : 232 – 236 .
  • Bers , SA , Blatt , SJ , Sayward , HK and Johnston , RS . 1993 . Normal and pathological aspects of self-descriptions and their change over long-term treatment . Psychoanalytic Psychology , 10 : 17 – 37 .
  • Blatt , SJ , Auerbach , JS and Levy , KN . 1997 . Mental representations in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process . Review of General Psychology , 1 : 351 – 374 .
  • Blatt, S.J., Chevron, E.S., Quinlan, D.M., Schaffer, C.E. and Wein, S.J. (1992). The assessment of qualitative and structural dimensions of object representations (rev. ed.). Unpublished research manual, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
  • Blatt , SJ , Stayner , DA , Auerbach , JS and Behrends , RS . 1996 . Change in object and self-representations in long-term, intensive, inpatient treatment of seriously disturbed adolescents and young adults . Psychiatry , 59 : 82 – 107 .
  • Blatt , SJ , Wein , SJ , Chevron , ES and Quinlan , DM . 1979 . Parental representations and depression in normal young adults . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 88 : 388 – 397 .
  • Bowlby J Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment, Basic Books New York 1969
  • Breslau N Epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder Psychological Trauma. Review of Psychiatry 17 Yehuda R. (ed.) American Psychiatric Press Washington DC 1998
  • Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In I. Bretherton and E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, pp. 66–104.
  • Brewin , CR , Dalgleish , T and Joseph , S . 1996 . A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychological Review , 103 : 670 – 686 .
  • Ehlers , A , Clark , DM , Dunmore , EB , Jaycox , L , Meadows , E and Foa , EB . 1998 . Predicting the response to exposure treatment in PTSD: The role of mental defeat and alienation . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 11 : 457 – 471 .
  • Ehlers , A , Maercker , A and Boos , A . 2000 . Posttraumatic stress disorder following political imprisonment: The role of mental defeat, alienation, and perceived permanent change . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 45 – 55 .
  • Feeney J Noller P Hanharan M Assessing adult attachment Attachment in Adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives Sperling M., Berrnan H. (eds) Guilford New York 128 152 1994
  • Ford , JD , Fisher , P and Larson , L . 1997 . Object relations as a predictor of treatment outcome with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 65 : 547 – 559 .
  • Gorst-Unsworth , C , Van Velsen , C and Turner , S . 1993 . Prospective pilot study of survivors of torture and organized violence: examining the existential dilemma . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 181 : 263 – 264 .
  • Griffin , D and Bartholomew , K . 1994 . Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment . Journal of Personality and Social psychology , 67 : 430 – 445 .
  • Hair JF Anderson RE Tatham RL Black WC Multivariate data analysis with readings fourth edition Prentice Hall New Jersey 1995
  • Hazan , C and Shaver , P . 1987 . Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 511 – 524 .
  • Horowitz MJ Stress response syndromes: PTSD, grief, and adjustment disorders third edition Jason Aronson New Jersey 1997
  • Horowitz MJ Introduction Essential papers on posttraumatic stress disorder Horowitz M.J. (ed.) New York University Press New York 1 17 1999
  • Janoff-Bulman R The aftermath of victimization: Rebuilding shattered assumptions Trauma and it's wake: The study and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder Figley C.R. (ed.) Brunner/Mazel New York 1985
  • Jordan , BK , Marmar , CR , Fairbank , JA , Schlenger , WE , Kulka , RA , Hough , RL and Weis , DS . 1992 . Problems with families of male Vietnam veterans with posttaumatic stress disorder . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 : 916 – 926 .
  • Kluznick , JC , Speed , N , Van Valkenburg , C and Magraw , R . 1986 . Forty-year follow-up of United States prisoners of war . American Journal of Psychiatry , 143 : 1443 – 1446 .
  • Lane , RD , Quinlan , DM , Schwartz , GE , Walker , PA and Zeitlin , SB . 1990 . The levels of emotional awareness scale: a cognitive-developmental measure of emotion . Journal of Personality Assessment , 55 : 124 – 134 .
  • Levy , KN , Blatt , SJ and Shaver , PR . 1998 . Attachment styles and parental representations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 407 – 419 .
  • Main, M., Kaplan, N. and Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. In I. Bretherton and E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, pp. 66–104.
  • Mikulincer M Florian V The relationship between adult attachment styles and emotional and cognitive reactions to stressful events Attachment theory and close relationships Simpson J.A., Rhode W.S. (eds) The Guilford Press New York 143 165 1998
  • Mikulincer , M , Florian , V and Weller , A . 1993 . Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: the impact of the Gulf War in Israel . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 817 – 826 .
  • Mikulincer , M , Horesh , N , Eilati , I and Kotler , M . 1999 . The association between adult attachment style and mental health in extreme life-dangering conditions . Personality and Individual Differences , 27 : 831 – 842 .
  • Miller TW Long-term effects of torture in former prisoners of war Torture and its consequences: Current treatment approaches Basoglu M. (ed.) Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1992
  • Mollica , RF and Caspi-Yavin , Y . 1991 . Measuring torture and torture-related symptoms . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 3 : 581 – 587 .
  • Muller , RT , Sicoli , LA and Lemieux , KE . 2000 . Relationship between attachment style and posttraumatic stress symptomalogy among adults who report the experience of childhood abuse . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 13 : 321 – 332 .
  • Parson ER Posttraumatic self disorders (PTs f D) Human Adaptation to Extreme Stress Wilson J., Harel Z., Kahana B. (eds) Plenum New York 1988
  • Piaget J The Construction of Reality in the Child, Basic New York 1954
  • Punamäki, R.L., Qouta, S., Masri, M., Komproe, I., and De Jong, J. (submitted). The deterioration and mobilization effects of trauma on social support: childhood maltreatment and political trauma in a Palestinian community sample.
  • Quinlan , DM , Blatt , SJ , Chevron , ES and Wein , SJ . 1992 . The analysis of descriptions of parents: identification of a more differentiated factor structure . Journal of Personality Assessment , 59 : 340 – 351 .
  • Qouta, S., Punamäki, R.L. and El Sarraj, E. (in press). Mental flexibility as resiliency factor in traumatic situation. International Journal of Psychology.
  • Schultz , LH and Selman , RL . 1989 . Bridging the gap between interpersonal thought and action in early adolescence: The role of psychodynamic processes . Development and Psychopathology , 1 : 133 – 152 .
  • Selman R The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding Developmental and Clinical Studies, Academic New York 1980
  • Shaver PR Hazan C Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence Advances in personal relationships 4 Perlman D., Jones W. (eds) Kingsley London 29 70 1993
  • Stæhr A Stæhr M Behbehani J Bøjholm S Treatment of War Victims in the Middle East, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT) Copenhagen 1993
  • Stern DN The Interpersonal World of the Infant, Basic Books New York 1985
  • Tedeschi , RG and Calhoun , LG . 1996 . The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 9 : 455 – 471 .
  • Turner S Gorst-Unsworth C Psychological sequelae of torture International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes Wilson J.P., Raphael P. (eds) Plenum Press New York 1993

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.