Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 22, 2009 - Issue 5
887
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The durability of beneficial health effects associated with expressive writing

, &
Pages 509-523 | Received 12 Nov 2008, Published online: 24 Aug 2009

References

  • Antony , M.M. , Bieling , P.J. , Cox , B.J. , Enns , M.W. and Swinson , R.P. 1998 . Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample . Psychological Assessment , 10 : 176 – 181 .
  • Baggs , K. and Spence , S.H. 1990 . Effectiveness of booster sessions in the maintenance and enhancement of treatment gains following assertion training . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 58 : 845 – 854 .
  • Batten , S.V. , Follette , V.M. , Hall , M.L.R. and Palm , K.M. 2002 . Physical and psychological effects of written disclosure among sexual abuse survivors . Behavior Therapy , 33 : 107 – 122 .
  • Braukhaus , C. , Hahlweg , K. , Kroeger , C. , Groth , T. and Fehm-Wolfsdorf , G. 2003 . The effects of adding booster sessions to a preventative training program for committed couples . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 31 : 325 – 336 .
  • Broderick , J.E. , Junghaenel , D.U. and Schwartz , J.E. 2005 . Written emotional expression produces health benefits in fibromyalgia patients . Psychosomatic Medicine , 67 : 326 – 334 .
  • Brown , T.A. , Chorpita , B.F. , Korotitsch , W. and Barlow , D.H. 1997 . Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) in clinical samples . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 : 79 – 89 .
  • Cameron , L.D. and Nicholls , G. 1998 . Expression of stressful experiences through writing: Effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists . Health Psychology , 17 : 84 – 92 .
  • Clarke , G.N. , Rohde , P. , Lewinsohn , P.M. , Hops , H. and Seeley , J.R. 1999 . Cognitive-behavioral treatment of adolescent depression: Efficacy of acute group treatment and booster sessions . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 38 : 272 – 279 .
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale, NJ : Earlbaum .
  • Connors , G.J. and Walitzer , K.S. 2001 . Reducing alcohol consumption among heavily drinking women: Evaluating the contributions of life-skills training and booster sessions . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 : 447 – 456 .
  • Dyson , R. and Renk , K. 2006 . Freshman adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 62 : 1231 – 1244 .
  • Epstein , E.M. , Sloan , D.M. and Marx , B.P. 2005 . Getting to the heart of the matter: Written disclosure, gender, and heart rate . Psychosomatic Medicine , 67 : 413 – 419 .
  • Faul , F. , Erdfelder , E. , Lang , A-G. and Buchner , A. 2007 . G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences . Behavior Research Methods , 39 : 175 – 191 .
  • Frattaroli , J. 2006 . Experimental disclosures and its moderators: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 132 : 823 – 865 .
  • Frisina , P.G. , Borod , J.C. and Lepore , S.J. 2004 . A meta-analysis of the effects of written emotional disclosure on the health outcomes in clinical populations . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 192 : 629 – 634 .
  • Gortner , E.M. , Rude , S.S. and Pennebaker , J.W. 2006 . Benefits of expressive writing in lowering rumination and depressive symptoms . Behavior Therapy , 37 ( 3 ) : 292 – 303 .
  • Greenberg , M.A. , Wortman , C.B. and Stone , A.A. 1996 . Emotional expression and physical health: Revisiting traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 588 – 602 .
  • Irwin , M.R. 2008 . Human psychoneuroimmunology: 20 years of discovery . Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 22 : 129 – 139 .
  • Kiecolt-Glaser , J.K. , McGuire , L. , Robles , T.F. and Glaser , R. 2002 . Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological influences on immune function and health . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 70 : 537 – 547 .
  • King , L.A. 2001 . The health benefits of writing about life goals . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 : 798 – 807 .
  • King , L.A. and Miner , K.N. 2000 . Writing about perceived benefits of traumatic events: Implications for physical health . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 220 – 230 .
  • Klein , K. and Boals , A. 2001 . Expressive writing can increase working memory capacity . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 : 520 – 533 .
  • Kloss , J.D. and Lisman , S.A. 2002 . An exposure-based examination of the effects of written emotional disclosure . British Journal of Health Psychology , 7 : 31 – 46 .
  • Lepore , S.J. 1997 . Expressive writing moderates the relation between intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 73 ( 5 ) : 1030 – 1037 .
  • Lovallo , W.R. 2005 . Stress & health. Biological and psychological interactions , 2nd ed. , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Lovibond , P.F. and Lovibond , S.H. 1995 . The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 33 : 335 – 342 .
  • Lumley , M.A. and Provenzano , K.M. 2003 . Stress management through written emotional disclosure improves academic performance among college students with physical symptoms . Journal of Educational Psychology , 95 : 641 – 649 .
  • Lutgendorf , S.K. and Costanzo , E.S. 2003 . Psychoneuroimmunology and health psychology: An integrative model . Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 17 : 225 – 232 .
  • Meads , C. and Nouwen , A. 2005 . Does emotional disclosure have any effects? A systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses . International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care , 21 : 153 – 164 .
  • Norman , S.A. , Lumley , M.A. , Dooley , J.A. and Diamond , M.P. 2004 . For whom does it work? Moderators of the effects of written emotional disclosure in a randomized trial among women with chronic pelvic pain . Psychosomatic Medicine , 66 : 174 – 183 .
  • Park , C.L. and Blumberg , C.J. 2002 . Disclosing trauma through writing: Testing the meaning-making hypothesis . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 26 : 597 – 616 .
  • Pennebaker , J. , Kiecolt-Glaser , J. and Glaser , R. 1988 . Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 239 – 245 .
  • Pennebaker , J.W. 1982 . The psychology of physical symptoms , New York : Springer Verlag .
  • Pennebaker , J.W. 1997 . Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process . Psychological Science , 8 : 162 – 166 .
  • Pennebaker , J.W. and Beall , S.K. 1986 . Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 95 : 274 – 281 .
  • Pennebaker , J.W. , Colder , M. and Sharp , L.K. 1990 . Accelerating the coping process . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 : 528 – 537 .
  • Pennebaker , J.W. and Francis , M. 1996 . Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure . Cognition and Emotion , 10 : 601 – 626 .
  • Radcliffe , A.M. , Lumley , M.A. , Kendall , J. , Stevenson , J.K. and Beltran , J. 2007 . Written emotional disclosure: Testing whether social disclosure matters . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 28 : 362 – 384 .
  • Sheese , B.E. , Brown , E.L. and Granziano , W.G. 2004 . Emotional expression in cyberspace: Searching for moderators of the Pennebaker disclosure effect via e-mail . Health Psychology , 23 : 457 – 464 .
  • Sloan , D.M. and Marx , B.P. 2004a . A closer examination of the structured written disclosure procedure . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 : 165 – 175 .
  • Sloan , D.M. and Marx , B.P. 2004b . Taking pen to hand: Evaluating possible theories underlying written disclosure paradigm . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 11 : 121 – 137 .
  • Sloan , D.M. , Marx , B.P. , Epstein , E.M. and Dobbs , J.L. 2008 . Expressive writing buffers against maladaptive rumination . Emotion , 8 : 302 – 306 .
  • Sloan , D.M. , Marx , B.P. , Epstein , E.M. and Lexington , J. 2007 . Does altering the instructional set affect written disclosure outcome? . Behavior Therapy , 38 : 155 – 168 .
  • Smyth , J.M. 1998 . Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 : 174 – 184 .
  • Smyth , J.M. , Stone , A. , Hurewitz , A. and Kaell , A. 1999 . Writing about stressful events produces symptom reduction in asthmatics and rheumatoid arthritics: A randomized trial . Journal of American Medical Association , 281 : 1304 – 1309 .
  • Ullrich , P.M. and Lutgendorf , S.K. 2002 . Journaling about stressful events: Effects of cognitive processing and emotional expression . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 24 : 244 – 250 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.