Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 30, 2017 - Issue 6
1,992
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Brief Report

Social anxiety and emotion regulation flexibility: considering emotion intensity and type as contextual factors

, &
Pages 716-724 | Received 13 May 2016, Accepted 29 Apr 2017, Published online: 30 Jun 2017

References

  • Aldao, A., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39, 263–278. doi: 10.1007/s10608-014-9662-4
  • Blalock, D. V., Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2016). Trait and daily emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 416–425. doi: 10.1007/s10608-015-9739-8
  • Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Psychological Science, 8, 5914–612. doi: 10.1177/1745691613504116
  • Bonanno, G. A., Papa, A., Lalande, K., Westphal, M., & Coifman, K. (2004). The importance of being flexible: The ability to both enhance and suppress emotional expression predicts long-term adjustment. Psychological Science, 15, 482–487. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00705.x
  • Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1057–1067. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057
  • Connor Christensen, T., Feldman Barrett, L., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lebo, K., & Kaschub, C. (2003). A practical guide to experience sampling procedures. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 53–78. doi: 10.1023/A:1023609306024
  • Dalrymple, K. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31, 543–568. doi: 10.1177/0145445507302037
  • Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Aldao, A., & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Emotion regulation in context: Examining the spontaneous use of strategies across emotional intensity and type of emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 271–276. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.011
  • Farmer, A. S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2012). Social anxiety and emotion regulation in daily life: Spillover effects on positive and negative social events. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41, 152–162. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2012.666561
  • Feldman Barrett, L., Gross, J. J., Christensen, T. C., & Benvenuto, M. (2001). Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 713–724. doi: 10.1080/02699930143000239
  • Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., & Goetz, D. (2001). The liebowitz social anxiety scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1025–1035. doi:10.1017/S003329170105405 doi: 10.1017/S0033291701004056
  • Goldin, P. R., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. In S. G. Hofmann & Patricia M. Dibartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives (3rd ed., pp. 511–529). New York, NY: Elsevier.
  • Goldin, P. R., Manber, T., Hakimi, S., Canli, T., & Gross, J. J. (2009). Neural bases of social anxiety disorder: Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 170–180. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525
  • Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 3–20). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulations processes: Implications for affect, relationships and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
  • Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1–25. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Levin, M. E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a unified model of behavior change. The Counseling Psychologist, 40, 976–1002. doi: 10.1177/0011000012460836
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Taormino, D., … McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553–578. doi: 10.1007/BF03395492
  • Kashdan, T. B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 348–365. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.003
  • Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 10–16. doi: 10.1177/0963721414550708
  • Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301–1320. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003
  • Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek John B. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 14, 769–781. doi: 10.1037/a0035935
  • Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 865–878. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
  • Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Expanding the topography of social anxiety: An experience-sampling assessment of positive emotions, positive events, and emotion suppression. Psychological Science, 17, 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01674.x
  • Kashdan, T. B., Weeks, J. W., & Savostyanova, A. A. (2011). Whether, how, and when social anxiety shapes positive experiences and events: A self-regulatory framework and treatment implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 786–799. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012
  • Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141–173. doi: 10.1159/000414022
  • Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. (2007). Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 329–352. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00094.x
  • Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2014). Emotion regulation therapy. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 469–490). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • O’Toole, M. S., Jensen, M. B., Fentz, H. N., Zachariae, R., & Hougaard, E. (2014). Emotion differentiation and emotion regulation in high and low socially anxious individuals: An experience-sampling study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 428–438. doi: 10.1007/s10608-014-9611-2
  • O’Toole, M. S., Mennin, D. S., Hougaard, E., Zachariae, R., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2015). Cognitive and emotion regulation change processes in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 22, 667–676. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1926
  • Scherer, K. R. (2000). Psychological models of emotion. In J. C. Borod (Ed.), The neuropsychology of emotion (pp. 137–162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P., Blechert, J., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 163–181. doi: 10.1037/a0030831
  • Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science, 24, 2505–2514. doi: 10.1177/0956797613496434
  • Troy, A. S., Wilhelm, F. H., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2010). Seeing the silver lining: Cognitive reappraisal ability moderates the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Emotion, 10, 783–795. doi: 10.1037/a0020262
  • Verbeke, G., & Molenberghs, G. (2000). Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer.
  • Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 775–808. doi: 10.1037/a0027600
  • Werner, K., Goldin, P. R., Ball, T. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Assessing emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: The emotion regulation interview. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 346–354. doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9225-x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.