Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 33, 2020 - Issue 2
653
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

A neuroeconomic investigation of 5-HTT/5-HT1A gene variation, social anxiety, and risk-taking behavior

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 176-192 | Received 12 Apr 2019, Accepted 09 Jan 2020, Published online: 03 Feb 2020

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. doi: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Benko, A., Lazary, J., Molnar, E., Gonda, X., Tothfalusi, L., Pap, D., … Bagdy, G. (2010). Significant association between the C (− 1019) G functional polymorphism of the HTR1A gene and impulsivity. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 153B(2), 592–599. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31025
  • Berg, J., Dickhaut, J., & McCabe, K. (1995). Trust, reciprocity, and social history. Games and Economic Behavior, 10(1), 122–142. doi: 10.1006/game.1995.1027
  • Beste, C., Domschke, K., Falkenstein, M., & Konrad, C. (2010). Differential modulations of response control processes by 5-HT1A gene variation. Neuroimage, 50(2), 764–771. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.067.
  • Beste, C., Domschke, K., Kolev, V., Yordanova, J., Baffa, A., Falkenstein, M., & Konrad, C. (2010). Functional 5-HT1a receptor polymorphism selectively modulates error-specific subprocesses of performance monitoring. Human Brain Mapping, 31(4), 621–630. doi:10.1002/hbm.20892.
  • Beste, C., Domschke, K., Radenz, B., Falkenstein, M., & Konrad, C. (2011). The functional 5-HT1A receptor polymorphism affects response inhibition processes in a context-dependent manner. Neuropsychologia, 49(9), 2664–2672. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.014
  • Bodinger, L., Hermesh, H., Aizenberg, D., Valevski, A., Marom, S., Shiloh, R., … Weizman, A. (2002). Sexual function and behavior in social phobia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v63n1004
  • Boelen, P. A., & Reijntjes, A. (2009). Intolerance of uncertainty and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 130–135. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.04.007
  • Border, R., Johnson, E. C., Evans, L. M., Smolen, A., Berley, N., Sullivan, P. F., & Keller, M. C. (2019). No support for historical candidate gene or candidate gene-by-interaction hypotheses for major depression across multiple large samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(5), 376–387. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070881
  • Bruhin, A., Fehr-Duda, H., & Epper, T. (2010). Risk and rationality: Uncovering heterogeneity in probability distortion. Econometrica, 78(4), 1375–1412. doi: 10.3982/ECTA7139
  • Buckner, J. D., Eggleston, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2006). Social anxiety and problematic alcohol consumption: The mediating role of drinking motives and situations. Behavior Therapy, 37(4), 381–391. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.02.007
  • Capra, C. M., Jiang, B., Engelmann, J. B., & Berns, G. S. (2013). Can personality type explain heterogeneity in probability distortions? Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 6(3), 151–166. doi: 10.1037/a0033708
  • Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2008). Serotonergic function, two-mode models of self-regulation, and vulnerability to depression: What depression has in common with impulsive aggression. Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 912–943. doi: 10.1037/a0013740
  • Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2009). Two-mode models of self-regulation as a tool for conceptualizing effects of the serotonin system in normal behavior and diverse disorders. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(4), 195–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01635.x
  • Carver, C. S., & Miller, C. J. (2006). Relations of serotonin function to personality: Current views and a key methodological issue. Psychiatry Research, 144(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.013
  • Charness, G., & Gneezy, U. (2012). Strong evidence for gender differences in risk taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 50–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.007
  • Charney, E., & English, W. (2012). Candidate genes and political behavior. American Political Science Review, 106(1), 1–34. doi: 10.1017/S0003055411000554
  • Charpentier, C. J., Aylward, J., Roiser, J. P., & Robinson, O. J. (2017). Enhanced risk aversion, but not loss aversion, in unmedicated pathological anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 81(12), 1014–1022. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.010
  • Cohn, A., Engelmann, J., Fehr, E., & Maréchal, M. A. (2015). Evidence for countercyclical risk aversion: An experiment with financial professionals. American Economic Review, 105(2), 860–885. doi: 10.1257/aer.20131314
  • Cools, R., Roberts, A. C., & Robbins, T. W. (2008). Serotoninergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(1), 31–40. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.10.011
  • Domschke, K., Braun, M., Ohrmann, P., Suslow, T., Kugel, H., Bauer, J., … Deckert, J. (2006). Association of the functional− 1019C/G 5-HT1A polymorphism with prefrontal cortex and amygdala activation measured with 3 T fMRI in panic disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 9(3), 349–355. doi: 10.1017/S1461145705005869
  • Domschke, K., & Dannlowski, U. (2010). Imaging genetics of anxiety disorders. Neuroimage, 53(3), 822–831. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.042
  • Engelmann, J. B., Meyer, F., Fehr, E., & Ruff, C. C. (2015). Anticipatory anxiety disrupts neural valuation during risky choice. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(7), 3085–3099. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2880-14.2015
  • Engelmann, J. B., & Tamir, D. (2009). Individual differences in risk preference predict neural responses during financial decision-making. Brain Research, 1290, 28–51. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.078
  • Glimcher, P. W., & Fehr, E. (2013). Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain. London: Academic Press.
  • Gonzalez, R., & Wu, G. (1999). On the shape of the probability weighting function. Cognitive Psychology, 38(1), 129–166. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1998.0710
  • Hanoch, Y., Johnson, J. G., & Wilke, A. (2006). Domain specificity in experimental measures and participant recruitment: An application to risk-taking behavior. Psychological Science, 17(4), 300–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01702.x
  • Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2012). Anxiety and decision-making. Biological Psychiatry, 72(2), 113–118. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.027
  • Hasler, G. (2012). Can the neuroeconomics revolution revolutionize psychiatry? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(1), 64–78. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.011
  • Hertwig, R., Wulff, D. U., & Mata, R. (2018). Three gaps and what they may mean for risk preference. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1766), 20180140. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0140
  • Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193–209. doi:10.1080/16506070701421313
  • Hu, X.-Z., Lipsky, R. H., Zhu, G., Akhtar, L. A., Taubman, J., Greenberg, B. D., … Goldman, D. (2006). Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 78(5), 815–826. doi: 10.1086/503850
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 47(2), 263. doi: 10.2307/1914185
  • Kashdan, T. B. (2002). Social anxiety dimensions, neuroticism, and the contours of positive psychological functioning. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(6), 789–810. doi: 10.1023/A:1021293501345
  • Kashdan, T. B., Collins, R. L., & Elhai, J. D. (2006). Social anxiety and positive outcome expectancies on risk-taking behaviors. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(6), 749–761. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9017-x
  • Kashdan, T. B., Elhai, J. D., & Breen, W. E. (2008). Social anxiety and disinhibition: An analysis of curiosity and social rank appraisals, approach–avoidance conflicts, and disruptive risk-taking behavior. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(6), 925–939. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.09.009
  • Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 14(4), 769–781. doi: 10.1037/a0035935
  • Keough, M. T., Badawi, G., Nitka, D., O'Connor, R. M., & Stewart, S. H. (2016). Impulsivity increases risk for coping-motivated drinking in undergraduates with elevated social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 45–50. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.036
  • Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2012). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169–184. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1359
  • Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The “trier social stress test”–a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28(1-2), 76–81. doi: 10.1159/000119004
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford publications.
  • Lanzenberger, R. R., Mitterhauser, M., Spindelegger, C., Wadsak, W., Klein, N., Mien, L.-K., … Tauscher, J. (2007). Reduced serotonin-1A receptor binding in social anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(9), 1081–1089. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.022
  • Lattimore, P. K., Baker, J. R., & Witte, A. D. (1992). The influence of probability on risky choice: A parametric examination. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 17(3), 377–400. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2681(95)90015-2
  • Lemonde, S., Turecki, G., Bakish, D., Du, L., Hrdina, P. D., Bown, C. D., … Albert, P. R. (2003). Impaired repression at a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor gene polymorphism associated with major depression and suicide. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(25), 8788–8799. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08788.2003
  • Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010). Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 576–600. doi: 10.1037/a0019712
  • Lorian, C. N., & Grisham, J. R. (2010). The safety bias: Risk-avoidance and social anxiety pathology. Behaviour Change, 27(1), 29–41. doi: 10.1375/bech.27.1.29
  • Lorian, C. N., & Grisham, J. R. (2011). Clinical implications of risk aversion: An online study of risk-avoidance and treatment utilization in pathological anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(6), 840–848. doi: 10.1375/bech.27.1.29
  • Maner, J. K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2006). The role of risk avoidance in anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 37(2), 181–189. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2005.11.003
  • Mata, R., Frey, R., Richter, D., Schupp, J., & Hertwig, R. (2018). Risk preference: A view from psychology. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(2), 155–172. doi: 10.1257/jep.32.2.155
  • Mathew, S. J., & Ho, S. (2006). Etiology and neurobiology of social anxiety disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 9–13.
  • Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455–470. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10031-6
  • McHugh, S. B., Barkus, C., Lima, J., Glover, L. R., Sharp, T., & Bannerman, D. M. (2015). SERT and uncertainty: Serotonin transporter expression influences information processing biases for ambiguous aversive cues in mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 14(4), 330–336. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12215
  • Millroth, P., Juslin, P., Eriksson, E., & Agren, T. (2017). Disentangling the effects of serotonin on risk perception: S-carriers of 5-HTTLPR are primarily concerned with the magnitude of the outcomes, not the uncertainty. Behavioral Neuroscience, 131(5), 421–427. doi: 10.1037/bne0000209
  • Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2005). Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(5), 473–481. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.473
  • Okbay, A., & Rietveld, C. A. (2015). On improving the credibility of candidate gene studies: A review of candidate gene studies published in emotion. Emotion, 15(4), 531–537. doi: 10.1037/emo0000076
  • Osman, A., Gutierrez, P. M., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., & Chiros, C. E. (1998). The social phobia and social interaction anxiety scales: Evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20(3), 249–264. doi: 10.1023/A:1023067302227
  • Pittig, A., Alpers, G. W., Niles, A. N., & Craske, M. G. (2015). Avoidant decision-making in social anxiety disorder: A laboratory task linked to in vivo anxiety and treatment outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 96–103. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.003
  • Schiele, M. A., Ziegler, C., Holitschke, K., Schartner, C., Schmidt, B., Weber, H., … Domschke, K. (2016). Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: A gene-environment-coping interaction study. Journal of Neural Transmission, 123(8), 895–904. doi: 10.1007/s00702-016-1564-z
  • Stewart, D. W., & Mandrusiak, M. (2007). Social phobia in college students: A developmental perspective. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 22(2), 65–76. doi: 10.1300/J035v22n02_06
  • Stewart, S. H., Morris, E., Mellings, T., & Komar, J. (2006). Relations of social anxiety variables to drinking motives, drinking quantity and frequency, and alcohol-related problems in undergraduates. Journal of Mental Health, 15(6), 671–682. doi: 10.1080/09638230600998904
  • Straube, B., Reif, A., Richter, J., Lueken, U., Weber, H., Arolt, V., … Kircher, T. (2014). The functional− 1019C/G HTR1A polymorphism and mechanisms of fear. Translational Psychiatry, 4(12), e490. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.130
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323. doi: 10.1007/BF00122574
  • Weber, E. U., Blais, A. R., & Betz, N. E. (2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(4), 263–290. doi: 10.1002/bdm.414

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.